Monument to the Byzantine monks Cyril and Methodius. Monument to Saints Cyril and Methodius on the cathedral square of Kolomna. The brothers' contribution to the culture of the Slavs

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The country: Russia

Town: Moscow

Nearest metro: China town

Was passed: 1992 year

Sculptor: Vyacheslav Klykov

Architect: Yuri Grigoriev

Description

The monument is located on a pedestal on which ancient writings are inscribed. Saints Cyril and Methodius are presented as carrying the holy scriptures and the creators of the alphabet.

History of creation

The monument was erected at the beginning of the Ilyinsky square. In place of the honor roll of Soviet industrial enterprises in the Moscow region. In connection with the installation of the monument, part of the park was renamed into Slavyanskaya Square. The monument was opened on the day of the celebration of Slavic writing and culture on May 24, 1992. In 863, two Greek brothers composed the Slavic alphabet and translated the divine books: the Gospel, the Psalter, the Apostle. It is noteworthy that 5 mistakes were made in the letters on the pedestal.

Traditions

How to get there

Arrive at the Kitay-Gorod station of the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line and get off at ul. Varvarka, this is right next to Slavyanskaya Square and there, at the beginning of Ilyinsky Square, you can see a monument to the Holy Enlighteners Cyril and Methodius. Lubyanskiy proezd, 27. If you made a mistake and got out on the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line from the other side of the Ilyinsky square, then you can walk along the square to Slavyanskaya square.

Cyril and Methodius rightfully represent the enlighteners of all Slavic peoples. In the 9th century, the Slavophiles-reformers created a common Slavic church language, translating the Gospel and other Holy Scriptures. Today the brothers from Greece are remembered and revered as some of the most saints in Orthodoxy.

In 1992, exactly on the eve of the Day of Writing of Slavic Nations, a monument dedicated to Cyril and Methodius was solemnly unveiled on the Slavyanskaya Square of the capital. The sculptural composition represents the figures of saints holding a gigantic cross. The author of the cult monument is V.V. Klykov, known as the sculptor of the monument to Zhukov on Manezhnaya Square, depicted Orthodox saints in traditional 9th ​​century costumes. According to the artist, in the process of creating the monument, the thought came up that the cross should symbolize the love of God of the reformers and their faith in their higher mission.

Monuments to these saints have been installed in many countries of the world, and the Days of Slavic Written Language are traditionally held in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Macedonia, Slovakia, and Russia.

History of the monument to Cyril and Methodius

The monument was solemnly opened on May 24, 1992 on Slavyanskaya Square. On this day, Russia for the first time massively celebrated the Day of Slavic Written Language. The author of the composition was V.M. Klykov, and the architect of the monument - Yu.P. Grigoriev.

The sculptural composition is dedicated to the Christian educators, the authors of the common Slavic alphabet - Saints Methodius and Cyril, who revolutionized Orthodoxy. Thanks to them, the Slavic tribes received the alphabet, as well as the opportunity to conduct services in their own language. The monument represents the majestic statues of the holy brothers, on whose hands a grandiose cross rests, as well as the Holy Scriptures. At the foot of the architectural object is the Inextinguishable Lamp.

In the Old Slavonic language, words are written, an approximate translation of which means: Russia is grateful to the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Slavic first teachers Methodius and Cyril. What is curious - despite the fact that the monumental statue is an example of the symbol of Slavic writing, attentive linguists discovered as many as 5 spelling errors in the mentioned phrase.

Every year, around the monument, the city authorities organize a traditional Slavic festival of culture and writing, to which guests from fraternal countries are invited.

The brothers' contribution to the culture of the Slavs

Having received the blessing of Pope Adrian II for the spread of Slavic writing, the brothers carried a new culture to Eastern and Southern Europe, relying on the identity of the Slavic peoples. As a result, all the Holy Scriptures were translated into the Church Slavonic language. Scientists confidently say that without the contribution of the saints there would be no Slavic power and unity, which formed the basis of Kievan Rus and the influential Bulgarian and Serbian kingdoms. That is why the Orthodox world honors Cyril and Methodius as saints, equal in importance to the apostles of the Savior.

Kiev-Pechersk Lavra is the most famous Ukrainian monastery in the world and the largest on the territory of Ukraine. The Lavra complex is located on several hills near the Dnieper in the right-bank part of Kiev. The history of the Abode begins in the middle of the 11th century, when the first monks settled in its place in caves (caves). This is where both the name of the monastery itself and the Pechersk region come from. In 1051, a native of Chernigov region, monk Anthony returned from Athos (a monastic mountain in Greece) and settled in a cave, probably dug out by the Varangians. The monk led a very strict lifestyle, for which he became famous in Russia. It is not for nothing that the name "the founder of Russian monasticism" was assigned to him. View of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra from the Paton Bridge Gradually the number of monks grew, which led to the formation of a strong monastic community. Very quickly the composition of the brethren increased to a hundred and, at the request of St. Anthony, Prince of Kiev Izyaslav granted the young monastery a hill on top of the caves. After that, the monastery began to grow at a rapid pace. The next abbot was chosen the Monk Theodosius, who made a great contribution to the formation of the monastery. The abbot introduced a strict set of rules governing the internal communal structure. The life of the inhabitants was regarded as a moral feat. The princes and nobility helped the monastics, transferring them land plots, provisions, money, etc. The monastery made an invaluable contribution to the development of culture and science both in our country and in neighboring countries. In the XI century, chronicle writing was born here. In 1113 the monk Nestor, known as the Chronicler, finished the 1st chronicle on the history of our state - "The Tale of Bygone Years." In parallel, a significant book depository is being created here. In the same XI century. the visual arts associated with the name of the first icon painter in Russia, the monk Alipy, also evolve. The medicine of Kievan Rus was also born here. Agapit was the most prominent physician. To the monk doctors for honey. the Kiev princes themselves were sent to help. Gradually the monastery became the spiritual core of all Russia. A priesthood training center was established here. Some conducted missionary activities in lands unenlightened by the light of Christ's teaching. In addition, at the beginning of the 1200s. 50 bishops were ordained from the Kiev Pechersk brethren to different dioceses of Russia. After the founding of the monastery, the laying of the Assumption Cathedral became a significant event in its chronicle - this happened in 1073, and the construction was completed 10 years later. In the middle of 1108, the construction of the unique stone Trinity Gate Church was completed, which also performed defensive and security functions. After 900 years, the temple operates to this day. In the end. XII century a stone wall was erected around the monastery. In 1159, the Kiev Pechersk monastery was awarded the status of a "lavra" (in Greece, this is how crowded monasteries are called). Domes of the Church "Joy of All Who Sorrow" In the XI-XIII centuries. the monastery has experienced several destruction and upheaval. First, from the attack of the Polovtsian Khan Bonyak in 1096, in 1230 - from an earthquake., And in 1240 - from the invasion of Khan Batu. In the XIII-XVI centuries. the monastery remained the cultural center of Ukraine. In 1470, at the expense of Prince Semyon Olelkovich, the monastery and the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos were rebuilt. After the Union of Lublin in 1569, the monastery was judged to become one of the main centers of opposition to the Catholicization of the Ukrainian people. A significant role in this was played by the fraternal printing house, created in 1615 from the 17th century. the official canonization of the monks who lived here in previous centuries begins. In 1643, the formed canon already numbered 74 ascetics. In tsarist times, the Lavra's economy reached enormous proportions. The community owned 3 cities, 7 towns, 120 villages and farms with 56 thousand serfs, several hundred industrial enterprises and trade establishments. Monument to the founders of the Lavra - the Monks Anthony and Theodosius of the Caves. In the 17th century. large-scale construction and restoration work was carried out. The complex of buildings was supplemented by churches: St. Nicholas in the Hospital Mon-re, Annosachatyevskaya, Nativity of the Mother of God, Holy Cross, Anthony and Feodosia, All Saints. In 1720, restoration of the monastery began after the fire of 1718, which lasted almost half a century. During this period, the Ukrainian Baroque style was formed, in which the Assumption Cathedral and the Trinity Gate Church are being restored and decorated. XVIII century the architectural ensemble of the Pechersk Monastery was formed, which has survived to this day.After the coups of 1917, the most difficult times began for the monastic community, as well as for the entire Church. The property of the Lavra was transferred to the ownership of the state, and a state museum was established in its place. As a result, the monastery was closed in 1930. Descent from the Upper Lavra to the Lower Lavra The great tragedy in the history of the monastery took place after the beginning of the Great Patriotic War - in 1941 the Great Assumption Church was blown up, from which only one side chapel remained. In the period 1941-61. the ancient Pechersk Lavra was briefly opened for monastic life. In the jubilee year of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Kievan Rus (1988), the Soviet authorities transferred the Far Caves with buildings to the Churches, and after 2 years they returned the Near Caves. In 1990, the Lavra Monastery was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. In 2000, the restoration was completed and the Dormition Cathedral was consecrated. After restoration and painting, it was rededicated on January 3, 2013. On July 6, 2016, a unique event took place - on one day, the thrones of seven monastery churches were consecrated. Address: Lavrskaya street, 9-15. View of the Upper Lavra Winter Monastery Monastery in the light of the setting sun: view from Bereznyaki Panorama of the Kiev-Pechersky Monastery Before the beginning of the Bishops Cathedral of the Lavra in winter shades Annosacchaevskaya Church on the territory of the Far Caves View of the Annosacchaevskaya Church Entrance to the monastery garden Lilac bloom in the Lavra Christ the Almighty. The painting of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Snow-covered alley leading to the Church of the Nativity of the Mother of God The same alley in autumn The ancient gates of the church Lavra fountains Snow-covered dome of the Refectory Church In the church of the icon "Joy of All Who Sorrow" Cross in the monastery cemetery Lavra cemetery Great Lavra bell tower The Assumption of one of the belfries before the thunderstorm Cathedral Icon of the Assumption of the Virgin on the facade of the Cathedral Paintings of the Assumption Cathedral Stucco on the facade of the bell tower in the territory of the Far Caves Several Lavra monuments: Kliment Ohridsky, Methodius, Peter Mogila Winter morning in the monastery Trinity Church - the oldest temple of the Lavra and one of the oldest in Kiev Composition over the entrance to the museum books House-vyshyvanka or icon-painting school Tombstone on the grave of Metropolitan Vladimir (Sabodan) The Tower of John Kuschnik - Rate the publication -

Having come with a religious mission to the Slavic lands, they performed a great deed for the development of culture and science, which cannot be overestimated, - they made up - these are brothers, Cyril and Methodius. Monuments to them stand throughout Russia and in cities of the countries of the former USSR: Khanty-Mansiysk, Samara, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kiev, Murmansk and Moscow. There are more of them every year. Why?

History reference

These events began in the eight hundred and sixty-second year, when Prince Rostislav sent a petition with his ambassadors to the Roman lands, so that enlightened people would be sent to carry the word of God to Moravia (Bulgaria).

This mission was entrusted to the brothers - Methodius and Cyril. They were famous for their education, intelligence and Christian benefits.

The brothers were born in the family of a military man - chief in Thessaloniki.

Cyril was younger than Methodius. He studied in the glorious Constantinople, was strong in the sciences, and the University of Magnavres accepted him within its walls for teaching. He was also appointed as a mentor to the young emperor Michael III. Even Kirill had a nickname - "philosopher".

The eldest of the seven brothers, Methodius, was in military service, which he went to after his father. For about ten years he ruled over one Slavic region, and then went to a monastery, but in everything he diligently helped the younger.

Arriving in Moravia with students, the brothers, or rather Cyril, compiled the alphabet for the Old Slavonic language. According to it, the comrades translated the main Christian books from Greek.

A tremendous amount of work was done, but the Roman Church did not appreciate the work of the brothers, identifying only three sacred languages ​​for the true word of God - Hebrew, Greek, Latin.

Upon his return to Rome, Cyril overcame a serious illness, and after a month and a half he died. His brother went back to Moravia. There, all his life, he served for the benefit of education and Orthodoxy.

In the eight hundred and seventy-sixth year, Methodius finally obtained permission to read sermons in the Slavic language and translated the Old Testament into it.

Description

The monument to Cyril and Methodius in Moscow is a monument. It consists of a pedestal and two statues - the brothers are standing side by side in full growth. Methodius and Cyril hold the main attributes of Orthodoxy in their hands - the cross and Holy Scripture. In front of the monument stands a lamp with an "eternal" unquenchable fire.

On the pedestal itself there is an inscription: "To the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles first teachers of the Slavs Methodius and Cyril. Grateful Russia." It is inscribed using the Old Church Slavonic alphabet. Modern language writers have found five grammatical mistakes there!

Where stands

The monument to Cyril and Methodius was opened in Moscow in 1992. This event was timed to the holiday dedicated to the Day of Culture (May twenty-fourth - the day of memory of Cyril).

The monument to Cyril and Methodius stands at the entrance to the entrance. Previously, there was a Board of Honor, on which industrial enterprises of the Moscow region in Soviet times hung out photographs of their leaders.

This part of the park was renamed, now it is called Slavyanskaya Square.

Traditions

Every year, a monument to Cyril and Methodius in Moscow is a starting point for those who celebrate a holiday dedicated to Slavic culture and writing. At the pedestal, fiery solemn speeches are made, flowers are brought.

Opposite is the Church of All Saints on Kulishki, so sometimes a procession of the cross passes by the monument, which looks very symbolic.

Many tourists take beautiful photos here - the monument to Cyril and Methodius is one of the sights of the capital.

Monument in Muransk: history

The monument to Cyril and Methodius in Moscow owes its very existence to the active work of Murmansk writers.

It was there, in the Arctic, that since 1986 they began to celebrate the Day of Slavic Written Language and Culture. After a while, the date was made a state date and began to be celebrated throughout the country.

In 1988, a group of Soviet writers paid an official visit to Bulgaria. There the idea arose - to erect a monument to the authors of the Slavic alphabet in Murmansk. Yes, not just put, but give as a token of gratitude to the residents of the city for the revival of this cultural tradition in Russia.

Murmansk: monument to Cyril and Methodius

The monument in this city exactly repeats the monument, which is located in Sofia at the entrance to the National Library.

The statues of Cyril and Methodius are cast in bronze. They stand on a concrete plinth. There is a solid foundation under the entire composition, it is made up of twelve granite slabs.

Graphic images of the enlighteners have not survived to this day. But the author (Vladimir Ginovski) created laconic and majestic images. Cyril is a young man with a thin, soulful face. His hand holds a pen. Methodius is a mature man with a strong and wise gaze, in his hand is the Holy Scripture. Both are dressed in their time, in their hands they hold a scroll with the beginning of the Slavic alphabet. The copy of the monument was created by the author of the original.

The monument was consecrated by His Holiness Patriarch Maxim of Bulgaria on the Independence Day of Bulgaria (May 3, 1990). After the consecration ceremony, the monument to the enlighteners Cyril and Methodius was officially handed over to representatives of the city of Murmansk.

The truck that transported the six-meter-high monument covered more than four thousand kilometers. On the way, the participants, along with their valuable cargo, visited such Slavic cities as Varna, Odessa, Novgorod, Petrozavodsk. We went on a ferry across the Black Sea.

And on the twenty-second of May of the same year, a public garden near the building of the regional scientific library of Murmansk read out solemn speeches on the occasion of the opening of this remarkable monument.

In the park there is not only a monument with a foundation, but also a platform in front of it, decorated with fragments of stone. The square itself is framed with gray granite blocks. But that's not all. The architects plan to restore the pedestal, revealing it with monolithic polished stone, which should be decorated with several belts of ornament consisting of letters of the Old Church Slavonic alphabet.