What direction in art did Salvador Dali belong to? A few dirty secrets of El Salvador were given. Studying at the Academy

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Thousands of books and songs have been written about Salvador Dali, many films have been shot, but it is not necessary to watch, read and listen to all this - after all, there are his paintings. The ingenious Spaniard own example he proved that a whole universe lives in every person and immortalized himself in canvases that will be in the center of attention of all mankind for more than one century. Dali has long been not just an artist, but something like a global cultural meme. How do you like the opportunity to feel like a reporter for a yellow newspaper and delve into the dirty linen of a genius?

1. Grandfather's suicide

In 1886, Gal Josep Salvador, Dali's paternal grandfather, took his own life. The grandfather of the great artist suffered from depression and persecution mania, and in order to annoy everyone who “follows” him, he decided to leave this mortal world.

Once he went out to the balcony of his apartment on the third floor and began to shout that he had been robbed and tried to kill him. The arriving police were able to convince the unfortunate man not to jump from the balcony, but as it turned out, only for a while - six days later, Gal nevertheless rushed from the balcony upside down and died suddenly.

The Dali family understandably tried to avoid publicity, so the suicide was hushed up. There was not a word about suicide in the death certificate, only a note that Gal died "from a traumatic brain injury", so the suicide was buried according to the Catholic rite. Long time relatives hid the truth about the death of his grandfather from Gal's grandchildren, but the artist eventually found out about this unpleasant story.

2. Addiction to masturbation

As a teenager, Salvador Dali loved, so to speak, to measure penises with classmates, and he called his "small, pathetic and soft." The early erotic experiences of the future genius did not end with these harmless pranks: somehow a pornographic novel fell into his hands and he was most struck by the episode where the protagonist boasted that he “can make a woman creak like a watermelon.” The young man was so impressed with the power artistic image that, remembering this, he reproached himself for his inability to do the same with women.

In his autobiography The Secret Life of Salvador Dali (original - The Unspeakable Confessions of Salvador Dali), the artist confesses: "For a long time I thought I was impotent." Probably, in order to overcome this oppressive feeling, Dali, like many boys of his age, was engaged in masturbation, to which he was so addicted that throughout the life of a genius, masturbation was his main, and sometimes even the only way sexual satisfaction. At that time, it was believed that masturbation could lead a person to insanity, homosexuality and impotence, so the artist was constantly in fear, but could not help himself.

3. Dali associated sex with putrefaction.

One of the complexes of the genius arose through the fault of his father, who once (on purpose or not) left a book on the piano, which was full of colorful photographs of male and female genitalia, disfigured by gangrene and other diseases. Having studied the pictures that fascinated and at the same time horrified him, Dali Jr. lost interest in contacts with the opposite sex for a long time, and sex, as he later admitted, became associated with decay, decay and decay.

Of course, the artist's attitude to sex was noticeably reflected in his canvases: fears and motives for destruction and decay (most often depicted in the form of ants) are found in almost every work. For example, in The Great Masturbator, one of his most significant paintings, there is a downward looking human face, from which a woman "grows", most likely written off from the wife and muse of Dali Gala. A locust sits on the face (the genius experienced an inexplicable horror of this insect), on the abdomen of which ants crawl - a symbol of decomposition. The woman's mouth is pressed against the groin of the man standing next to him, which hints at oral sex, while cuts bleed on the man's legs, indicating the artist's fear of castration, which he experienced as a child.

4. Love is evil

In his youth, one of Dali's closest friends was the famous Spanish poet Federico Garcia Lorca. There were rumors that Lorca even tried to seduce the artist, but Dali himself denied this. Many contemporaries of the great Spaniards said that for Lorca love union painter and Elena Dyakonova, later known as Gala Dali, was an unpleasant surprise - supposedly the poet was convinced that the genius of surrealism could only be happy with him. I must say, despite all the gossip, there is no exact information about the nature of the relationship between the two prominent men.

Many researchers of the artist's life agree that before meeting Gala, Dali remained a virgin, and although at that time Gala was married to another, had an extensive collection of lovers, in the end she was ten years older than him, the artist was fascinated by this woman. Art historian John Richardson wrote about her: “One of the most obnoxious wives that a modern successful artist could choose. It's enough to get to know her to start hating her." At one of the first meetings with Gala, he asked what she wanted from him. This, no doubt, an outstanding woman replied: “I want you to kill me” - after such a Dali immediately fell in love with her, completely and irrevocably.

Dali's father could not stand his son's passion, mistakenly believing that she was using drugs and was forcing the artist to sell them. The genius insisted on continuing the relationship, as a result of which he was left without his father's inheritance and went to Paris to his beloved, but before that, in protest, he shaved his head baldly and "buried" his hair on the beach.

5 Voyeur Genius

There is an opinion that Salvador Dali received sexual satisfaction from watching others make love or masturbate. The ingenious Spaniard even spied on his own wife when she took a bath, confessed to the "exhilarating experience of a voyeur" and called one of his paintings "Voyeur".

Contemporaries whispered that the artist arranges orgies at his home every week, but if this is true, most likely he himself did not take part in them, being content with the role of a spectator. One way or another, Dali's antics shocked and annoyed even the depraved bohemia - art critic Brian Sewell, describing his acquaintance with the artist, said that Dali asked him to take off his pants and masturbate, lying in a fetal position under the statue of Jesus Christ in the painter's garden. According to Sewell, Dali made similar strange requests to many of his guests.

Singer Cher recalls that once she and her husband Sonny went to visit the artist, and he looked like he had just participated in an orgy. When Cher began to twirl the beautifully painted rubber rod in her hands, the genius solemnly informed her that it was a vibrator.

6. George Orwell: "He's sick and his paintings are disgusting"

In 1944 famous writer dedicated an essay to the artist entitled "The Privilege of Spiritual Shepherds: Notes on Salvador Dali", in which he expressed the opinion that the artist's talent makes people consider him impeccable and perfect.

Orwell wrote: "Come back to Shakespeare land tomorrow and find that his favorite pastime in his spare time is to rape little girls in railroad cars, we shouldn't tell him to keep it up just because he's capable of writing another one" King Lear." You need the ability to keep in mind both facts at the same time: the one that Dali is a good draftsman, and the one that he is a disgusting person.

The writer also notes the pronounced necrophilia and coprophagia (craving for excrement) present in Dali's canvases. One of the most famous works of this kind is the "Gloomy Game", written in 1929 - a man stained with feces is depicted at the bottom of the masterpiece. Similar details are present in the later works of the painter.

In his essay, Orwell concludes that "people [like Dali] are undesirable, and the society in which they can flourish has some flaws." It can be said that the writer himself admitted to his unjustified idealism: after all, human world never was and never will be perfect and Dali's impeccable canvases are one of the clearest evidence of this.

7. Hidden Faces

Salvador Dali wrote his only novel in 1943, when he was in the United States with his wife. Among other things, in literary work, which came out from under the hand of the painter, there are descriptions of the antics of eccentric aristocrats in the Old World, engulfed in fire and drenched in blood, while the artist himself called the novel "an epitaph to pre-war Europe."

If the artist's autobiography can be considered a fantasy disguised as truth, then "Hidden Faces" is more likely a truth pretending to be fiction. In the book, which was sensational at the time, there is such an episode - Adolf Hitler who won the war in his residence " Eagle's Nest”is trying to brighten up his loneliness with priceless masterpieces of art from all over the world spread around, Wagner music plays, and the Fuhrer makes semi-delusional speeches about Jews and Jesus Christ.

In general, reviews of the novel were favorable, although the literary reviewer " The Times"criticized the whimsical style of the novel, an excessive amount of adjectives and a chaotic plot. At the same time, for example, a critic from The Spectator magazine wrote about Dali's literary experience: "It's a psychotic mess, but I liked it."

8. Beats, so ... a genius?

The year 1980 was a turning point for the elderly Dali - the artist was paralyzed and, unable to hold a brush in his hands, he stopped writing. For a genius, this was akin to torture - he had not been balanced before, but now he began to break down with or without reason, besides, he was very annoyed by the behavior of Gala, who spent the money earned from the sale of her brilliant husband’s paintings on young fans and lovers, gave them themselves masterpieces, and also often disappeared from home for several days.

The artist began to beat his wife, so much so that one day he broke two of her ribs. To calm her husband, Gala gave him Valium and others. sedatives, and once Dali added a large dose of a stimulant, which caused irreparable damage to the psyche of a genius.
The painter's friends organized the so-called "Salvation Committee" and assigned him to the clinic, but by that time the great artist was a pitiful sight - a thin, shaking old man, constantly in fear that Gala would leave him for the actor Jeffrey Fenholt, the leading actor in the Broadway staged the rock opera "Jesus Christ Superstar".

9. Instead of skeletons in the closet - the corpse of his wife in the car

On June 10, 1982, Gala left the artist, but not for the sake of another man - the 87-year-old muse of a genius died in a hospital in Barcelona. According to her will, Dali was going to bury his beloved in his Pubol castle in Catalonia, but for this her body had to be taken out without legal red tape and without attracting too much attention from the press and the public.

The artist found a way out, creepy, but witty - he ordered Gala to be dressed, "put" the corpse in the back seat of her Cadillac, and a nurse supporting the body was located nearby. The deceased was taken to Pubol, embalmed and dressed in her favorite red Dior dress, and then buried in the crypt of the castle. The inconsolable husband spent several nights kneeling in front of the grave and exhausted with horror - their relationship with Gala was difficult, but the artist could not imagine how he would live without her. Dali lived in the castle almost until his death, sobbed for hours and told that he saw various animals - he began to hallucinate.

10. Infernal invalid

A little over two years after the death of his wife, Dali again experienced a real nightmare - on August 30, the bed in which the 80-year-old artist was sleeping caught fire. The cause of the fire was a short circuit in the lock's electrical wiring, presumably caused by the old man's constant fiddling with the maid button attached to his pajamas.

When the nurse came running to the sound of the fire, she found the paralyzed genius lying at the door in a semi-conscious state and immediately rushed to give him artificial respiration from mouth to mouth, although he tried to fight back and called her "bitch" and "murderer". The genius survived, but suffered second-degree burns.

After the fire, Dali became completely unbearable, although he did not have an easy character before. A publicist from Vanity Fair noted that the artist turned into a "disabled person from hell": he deliberately stained linens, scratched the face of the nurses and refused to eat and take medicine.

After recovering, Salvador Dali moved to the neighboring town of Figueres, his theater-museum, where he died on January 23, 1989. The Great Artist once said that he hopes to be resurrected, therefore he wants his body to be frozen after death, but instead, according to his will, he was embalmed and immured in the floor of one of the rooms of the theater-museum, where it is located to this day.

Surrealism is the complete freedom of a human being and the right to dream. I am not a surrealist, I am surrealism, - S. Dali.

The formation of Dali's artistic skills took place in the early modern era, when his contemporaries in to a large extent presented such new artistic currents like Expressionism and Cubism.

In 1929, the young artist joined the Surrealists. This year marked an important turn in his life as Salvador Dali met Gala. She became his mistress, wife, muse, model and main inspiration.

Since he was a brilliant draftsman and colorist, Dali drew much inspiration from the old masters. But he used extravagant forms and inventive ways to compose an entirely new, modern and innovative style of art. His paintings are distinguished by the use of double images, ironic scenes, optical illusions, dream landscapes and deep symbolism.

Throughout its creative life Dali was never limited to one direction. He worked with oil paints and watercolor, created drawings and sculptures, films and photographs. Even the variety of forms of execution was not alien to the artist, including the creation of jewelry and other works of applied art. As a screenwriter, Dali collaborated with the famous director Luis Buñuel, who made the films The Golden Age and The Andalusian Dog. They displayed unrealistic scenes, reminiscent of the revived paintings of a surrealist.

The prolific and extremely gifted master left a huge legacy for future generations of artists and art lovers. Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation launched an online project Catalog Raisonné of Salvador Dali for a complete scientific cataloging of the paintings created by Salvador Dali between 1910 and 1983. The catalog consists of five sections divided according to the timeline. It was conceived not only to provide comprehensive information about the artist's work, but also to determine the authorship of works, since Salvador Dali is one of the most forged painters.

These 17 examples of his surrealistic paintings testify to the fantastic talent, imagination and skill of the eccentric Salvador Dali.

1. "Ghost of Vermeer of Delft, which can be used as a table", 1934

This small picture with quite a long original title embodies Dali's admiration for the great 17th-century Flemish master, Jan Vermeer. Vermeer's self-portrait is executed taking into account Dali's surrealistic vision.

2. "The Great Masturbator", 1929

The painting depicts the internal struggle of feelings caused by the attitude towards sexual intercourse. This perception of the artist arose as an awakened childhood memory when he saw a book left by his father, open to a page depicting genitals affected by venereal diseases.

3. "Giraffe on fire", 1937

The artist completed this work before moving to the USA in 1940. Although the master claimed that the painting was apolitical, it, like many others, reflects the deep and unsettling feelings of unease and horror that Dali must have experienced during the turbulent period between the two world wars. A certain part reflects his internal struggle in relation to civil war in Spain and also refers to the method psychological analysis Freud.

4. "The Face of War", 1940

The agony of war is also reflected in the work of Dali. He believed that his painting should contain omens of war, which we see in a deadly head stuffed with skulls.

5. "Sleep", 1937

It depicts one of the surreal phenomena - a dream. This is a fragile, unstable reality in the world of the subconscious.

6. Appearance of a face and a bowl of fruit on the seashore, 1938

This fantastic painting is especially interesting, since the author uses double images in it, endowing the image itself with a multi-level meaning. Metamorphoses, amazing juxtapositions of objects and hidden elements characterize Dali's surrealist paintings.

7. The Persistence of Memory, 1931

This is perhaps the most recognizable surrealistic painting by Salvador Dali, which embodies softness and hardness, symbolizes the relativity of space and time. To a large extent, it relies on Einstein's theory of relativity, although Dali said that the idea for the picture was born at the sight of Camembert cheese melted in the sun.

8. The Three Sphinxes of Bikini Island, 1947

This surreal depiction of Bikini Atoll evokes the memory of the war. Three symbolic sphinxes occupy different planes: human head, split tree and mushroom nuclear explosion talking about the horrors of war. The painting explores the relationship between three subjects.

9. "Galatea with spheres", 1952

The portrait of Dali's wife is presented through an array of spherical shapes. Gala is like a portrait of the Madonna. The artist, inspired by science, elevated Galatea above the tangible world to the upper etheric layers.

10. Melted Clock, 1954

Another depiction of a time-measuring object has been given an ethereal softness that is not typical of a hard pocket watch.

11. “My naked wife, contemplating her own flesh, which has turned into a staircase, into three vertebrae of a column, into the sky and into architecture”, 1945

Gala from the back. This wonderful image became one of the most eclectic works of Dali, where classics and surrealism, calmness and strangeness combined.

12. "Soft construction with boiled beans", 1936

The second name of the picture is “Premonition of the Civil War”. It depicts the supposed horrors of the Spanish Civil War, as the artist painted it six months before the conflict began. This was one of Salvador Dali's forebodings.

13. "The Birth of Liquid Desires", 1931-32

We see one example of a paranoid-critical approach to art. Images of father and possibly mother are mixed with a grotesque, unreal image of a hermaphrodite in the middle. The picture is filled with symbolism.

14. "The Riddle of Desire: My mother, my mother, my mother", 1929

This work, created on Freudian principles, became an example of Dali's relationship with his mother, whose distorted body appears in the Dalinian desert.

15. Untitled - Fresco painting design for Helena Rubinstein, 1942

The image was created for the interior decoration of the premises by order of Helena Rubinstein. This is a frankly surreal picture from the world of fantasy and dreams. The artist was inspired by classical mythology.

16. "Sodom self-satisfaction of an innocent maiden", 1954

The picture shows female figure and abstract background. The artist explores the issue of repressed sexuality, which follows from the title of the work and the phallic forms that often appear in Dali's work.

17. Geopolitical Child Watching the Birth of the New Man, 1943

The artist expressed his skepticism by painting this painting while in the United States. The shape of the ball seems to be a symbolic incubator of the "new" man, the man of the "new world".

We can say with confidence that people who have not heard of Dali simply do not exist. Some know him by his work, which reflected an entire era in the life of mankind, others by the outrageousness with which he lived and painted.

All the works of Salvador Dali are worth millions these days, and there are always connoisseurs of creativity who are ready to pay the necessary amount for the canvas.

Dali and his childhood

The first thing to say about the great artist is that he is a Spaniard. By the way, Dali was incredibly proud of his nationality and was a true patriot of his country. The family in which he was born determined him in many ways life path, position features. The mother of the great creator was a deeply religious person, while his father was a convinced atheist. From childhood, Salvador Dali was immersed in an atmosphere of ambiguity, some ambivalence.

The author of paintings, valued in millions, was a rather weak student. Restless character, irrepressible desire for expression own opinion, too violent imagination did not allow him to achieve great success in training, however, as an artist, Dali showed himself quite early. The first to notice his ability to draw was Ramon Pichot, who directed the talent of the fourteen-year-old creator to right direction. So already at the age of fourteen, the young artist presented his work at an exhibition held in Figueres.

Youth

The work of Salvador Dali allowed him to enter the Madrid Academy fine arts, however, the young and even then outrageous artist did not stay there for a long time. Being convinced of his exclusivity, he was soon expelled from the academy. Later, in 1926, Dali decided to continue his studies, but was again expelled, already without the right to restoration.

Huge role in life young artist played an acquaintance with Luis Bonuel, who later became one of the most famous directors, working in the genre of surrealism, and Federico who went down in history as one of the most brilliant poets of Spain.

Expelled from the Academy of Arts, the young artist did not hide his own, which allowed him to organize his own exhibition in his youth, which was visited by the great Pablo Picasso.

Muse of Salvador Dali

Of course, any creator needs a muse. For Dali, it was Gala Eluard, who was on

The moment of meeting the great surrealist is married. A deep, all-consuming passion became the impetus for leaving her husband for Gala and for active creativity for Salvador Dali himself. The beloved became for the surrealist not only an inspirer, but also a kind of manager. Thanks to her efforts, the work of Salvador Dali became known in London, New York and Barcelona. The glory of the artist has acquired a completely different scale.

Glory Avalanche

As befits any creative nature, the artist Dali was constantly developing, striving forward, improving and transforming his technique. Of course, this led to significant changes in his life, the smallest of which was the removal from the list of surrealists. However, this did not affect his career in any way. Thousands, and then multimillion-dollar exhibitions gained momentum. The realization of greatness came to the artist after the publication of his autobiography, which sold out in record time.

Most famous works

A person who does not know a single work of Salvador Dali simply does not exist, but few can name at least a few works of the great artist. All over the world, the creations of the outrageous artist are kept like the apple of an eye and are shown to millions of visitors to museums and exhibitions.

Salvador Dali the most famous paintings almost always painted in a certain outburst of feelings, as a result of a certain emotional outburst. For example, “Self-portrait with a Raphaelian neck” was written after the death of the artist’s mother, which became a real mental trauma for Dali, which he repeatedly admitted.

The Persistence of Memory is one of Dali's most famous works. It is this picture that has several different names that coexist equally in art history circles. On canvas in this case captured the place where the artist lived and worked - Port Lligata. Many art researchers claim that deserted coast reflects in this picture the inner emptiness of the creator himself. Salvador Dali "Time" (as this picture is also called) painted under the impression of the melting of Camembert cheese, from which, perhaps, appeared key images masterpiece. The clock, which takes on completely unthinkable forms on the canvas, symbolizes the human perception of time and memory. The Persistence of Memory is definitely one of the most profound and thoughtful works of Salvador Dali.

Variety of creativity

It's no secret that the paintings of Salvador Dali are very different from each other. A certain period in the artist's life is characterized by one or another manner, style, a certain direction. By the time when the creator publicly declared: "Surrealism is me!" - includes works written from 1929 to 1934. Such paintings as "William Tell", "Evening Ghost", "Bleeding Roses" and many others belong to this period.

The listed works differ significantly from the paintings of the period limited to 1914 and 1926, when Dali Salvador kept his work within certain limits. early works the master of outrageousness is characterized by greater uniformity, regularity, greater calmness, and to some extent greater realism. Among these paintings, one can single out “Feast in Figueres”, “Portrait of my father”, written in 1920-1921, “View of Cadaques from Mount Pani”.

Salvador Dali painted the most famous paintings after 1934. Since that time, the artist's method has become "paranoid-critical." In this vein, the creator worked until 1937. Among the paintings written by Dali at this time, the most famous paintings were “The Flexible Structure with Boiled Beans (Premonition of Civil War)” and “Atavistic Remains of Rain”

The "paranoid-critical" period was followed by the so-called American. It was at this time that Dali wrote his famous "Dream", "Galarina" and "A dream inspired by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate, a moment before awakening."

The work of Salvador Dali acquires more and more tension over time. The American period is followed by a period of nuclear mysticism. The painting "Sodom self-satisfaction of an innocent maiden" was written at this time. In the same period, in 1963, the "Ecumenical Council" was written.

Dali calms down

The time from 1963 to 1983 is called by art critics the period " last role". The works of these years are calmer than the previous ones. They have a clear geometry, very confident graphics, not smooth, melting, but clear and fairly strict lines prevail. Here you can highlight the famous "Warrior", written in 1982, or "The Appearance of a Face in a Landscape".

Lesser known Dali

Few people know, but Salvador Dali created the most not only on canvas and wood, and not only with the help of paints. The artist's acquaintance with Luis Bonuel not only largely determined the further direction of Dali's work, but was also reflected in the painting "Andalusian Dog", which shocked the audience at one time. It was this film that became a kind of slap in the face of the bourgeoisie.

Soon the paths of Dali and Bonuel diverged, but their joint work went down in history.

Dali and outrageous

Even the appearance of the artist suggests that this nature is deeply creative, unusual and striving for a new, unknown.

Dali was never distinguished by the desire for a calm, traditional appearance. On the contrary, he was proud of his unusual antics and used them in every way to his advantage. About his own mustache, for example, the artist wrote a book, calling them "antennas for the perception of art."

In an impulse to impress Dali, he decided to spend one of his own meetings in a diving suit, as a result of which he almost suffocated.

Dali Salvador put his creativity above all else. The artist won fame in the most unforeseen, strangest ways that one can even imagine. He bought $2 dollar bills, then sold a book about the stock for a huge amount of money. The artist defended the right of his installations to exist by destroying them and bringing them to the police.

Salvador Dali left behind the most famous paintings in huge numbers. However, as well as memories of his strange, incomprehensible character and worldview.

The article contains paintings by Salvador Dali with titles, as well as the work of Salvador Dali, his path as an artist and how he came to surrealism. Below links to more complete compilations paintings of Salvador.

Yes, I understand that the paragraph above looks like it will make your eyes bleed, but Google and Yandex have somewhat specific tastes (if you know what I mean) and it went well for them, so I'm scared to change something. Do not be afraid, there is further, though not much, but better.

The work of Salvador Dali.

judgments, actions, paintings by Salvador Dali, everything had a slight touch of madness. This man was not just a surrealist artist, he himself was the embodiment of surrealism.

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However, Dali did not come to surrealism immediately. The work of Salvador Dali began primarily with a passion for impressionism and the study of the techniques of classical academic painting. The first paintings by Dali were the landscapes of Figueres, where there were still no traces of a surrealistic vision of the world.

The passion for impressionism gradually faded away and Dali began to try his hand at cubism, drawing inspiration from the paintings of Pablo Picasso. Even in some of the surrealist works of the master, elements of cubism can be traced. The work of Salvador Dali was also greatly influenced by the painting of the Renaissance. He said many times that contemporary artists nothing compared to the titans of the past (and before that, vodka was sweeter and the grass was greener, a familiar song).

First learn to draw and write like the old masters, and only then do what you want - and you will be respected. Salvador Dali

The formation of the actual surrealist style in the paintings of Salvador Dali began at about the same time with the exclusion from the academy and his first exhibition in Barcelona. Only at the end of my life Dali somewhat move away from surrealism and return to more realistic painting.

Despite the tense relationship between Salvador Dali and the actual surrealist crowd of that time, his image became the personification of surrealism and everything surreal in the minds of the masses. Dali's expression "surrealism is me" in modern world become true in the eyes of millions. Ask any person on the street who they associate with the word surrealism - almost anyone will answer without hesitation: "Salvador Dali." His name is familiar even to those who do not quite understand the meaning and philosophy of surrealism and those who are not interested in painting. I would say that Dali has become a kind of mainstream in painting, despite the fact that the philosophy of his work is incomprehensible to many.

The Secret of Salvador Dali's Success

Salvador Dali had a rare ability to shock others, he was the hero of the lion's share of secular conversations of his era. Everyone spoke about the artist, from the bourgeoisie to the proletariat. Salvador was perhaps best actor from artists. Dali could safely be called a PR genius, both black and white. Salvador had a great ability to sell and promote himself as a brand. The paintings of Salvador Dali were the embodiment of an extravagant personality, strange and extravagant, representing an uncontrolled stream of the subconscious and having a peculiar recognizable style.

By the way, the early works of Dali are very similar to the paintings of Yves Tanguy, I would not have distinguished. Who borrowed from whom is not clear, one grandmother said the system claims that Dali borrowed the style from Tanga (but this is inaccurate). So - steal, kill, borrow wisely and success awaits you. However, it is not so important who was the first (and the first was Max Ernst in a similar style - it was he who came up with the idea of carefully writing out schizoid images). It is El Salvador, thanks to its artistic excellence, developed and fully embodied the ideas of surrealism.

Genre: Studies:

School fine arts San Fernando, Madrid

Style: Notable works: Influence:

Salvador Dali (full name Salvador Felipe Jacinto Fares Dali and Domenech Marquis de Dali de Pubol, Spanish Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marqués de Dalí de Púbol ; May 11 - January 23) - Spanish artist, painter, graphic artist, sculptor, director. One of the most well-known representatives surrealism. Marquis de Dali de Pubol (). Films: "Andalusian dog", "Golden age", "Bewitched".

Biography

Dali's works are shown at exhibitions, he is gaining popularity. In 1929, he joined the Surrealist group organized by André Breton.

After the caudillo Franco came to power in 1936, Dali quarreled with the surrealists on the left, and he was expelled from the group. In response, Dali, not without reason, declares: "Surrealism is me."

With the outbreak of the Second World War, Dali, together with Gala, leaves for the United States, where they live from to 1999. In the city, he releases his fictionalized autobiography, The Secret Life of Salvador Dali. His literary experiments, like works of art tend to be commercially successful.

After returning to Spain, he lives mainly in his beloved Catalonia. In 1981, he develops Parkinson's disease. Gala dies in the city.

Dali died on January 23, 1989 from a heart attack. The artist's body is immured in the floor in the Dali Museum in Figueres. The great artist, during his lifetime, bequeathed to bury him so that people could walk on the grave. Flash photography is not allowed in this room.

A plaque on the wall in the room where Dali is buried

Chupa Chups design (1961) Enrique Bernat named his caramel "Chups" and at first it only came in seven flavors: Strawberry, Lemon, Mint, Orange, Chocolate, Coffee with Cream, and Strawberry with Cream. The popularity of "Chups" grew, the amount of caramel produced increased, new flavors appeared. Caramel could no longer remain in its original modest wrapping, it was necessary to come up with something original so that everyone would recognize “Chups”. In 1961, Enrique Bernat turned to his countryman, the famous artist Salvador Dali, with a request to draw something memorable. ingenious artist I didn’t think long and in less than an hour I sketched a picture for him, which depicted the Chupa Chups chamomile, which, in a slightly modified form, is now recognizable as the Chupa Chups logo in all corners of the planet. The difference between the new logo was its location: it is not on the side, but on top of the candy
A crater on Mercury is named after Salvador Dali.

In 2003, the Walt Disney Company released cartoon"Destino". Development of the film began with Dali's collaboration with American animator Walt Disney as early as 1945, but was delayed due to the company's financial problems.

The most famous and significant works

Portrait of Luis Buñuel (1924) Like "Still Life" (1924) or "Purist Still Life" (1924), this picture created during Dali's search for his manner and style of performance, but in terms of atmosphere it resembles the canvases of De Chirico.

Flesh on the Stones (1926) Dali called Picasso his second father. This canvas executed in a cubist manner unusual for El Salvador, like the previously written “Cubist Self-Portrait” (1923). In addition, Salvador painted several portraits of Picasso.

Fixture and Hand (1927) Experiments with geometric shapes continue. You can already feel that mystical desert, the manner of painting the landscape, characteristic of Dali of the “surrealist” period, as well as some other artists (in particular, Yves Tanguy).

The Invisible Man (1929) Also called "Invisible", the painting shows metamorphoses, hidden meanings and outlines of objects. Salvador often returned to this technique, making it one of the main features of his painting. This applies to a number of later paintings, such as, for example, "Swans Reflected in Elephants" (1937) and "The Appearance of a Face and a Bowl of Fruit on the Seashore" (1938).

Enlightened Pleasures (1929) It is interesting because it reveals the obsessions and childhood fears of El Salvador. He also uses images borrowed from his own "Portrait of Paul Eluard" (1929), "Mysteries of Desire:" My mother, My mother, My mother "(1929) and some others.

Great Masturbator (1929) Much loved by researchers, the painting, like Enlightened Pleasures, is a field of study for the artist's personality.

Painting "The Persistence of Memory", 1931

The Persistence of Memory (1931) Perhaps the most famous and discussed in artistic circles is the work of Salvador Dali. Like many others, it uses ideas from previous work. In particular, this is a self-portrait and ants, soft watch and the coast of Cadaqués, the birthplace of El Salvador.

The Riddle of William Tell (1933) One of Dali's outright mockery of Andre Breton's communist love and his leftist views. Main character according to Dali himself, this is Lenin in a cap with a huge visor. In The Diary of a Genius, Salvador writes that the baby is himself, yelling "He wants to eat me!". There are also crutches here - an indispensable attribute of Dali's work, which has retained its relevance throughout the artist's life. With these two crutches, the artist props up the visor and one of the thighs of the leader. This is not the only known work on this topic. Back in 1931, Dali wrote “Partial Hallucination. Six appearances of Lenin on the piano.

The Hitler Enigma (1937) Dali himself spoke of Hitler in different ways. He wrote that he was attracted by the soft, plump back of the Fuhrer. His mania did not cause much enthusiasm among the Surrealists, who had sympathy for the left. On the other hand, El Salvador subsequently spoke of Hitler as a complete masochist who started the war with the sole purpose of losing it. According to the artist, once he was asked for an autograph for Hitler and he put a straight cross - "the complete opposite of the broken fascist swastika."

Telephone - Lobster (1936) The so-called surrealistic object is an object that has lost its essence and traditional function. Most often, it was intended to evoke resonance and new associations. Dali and Giacometti were the first to create what Salvador himself called "objects with a symbolic function."

Mae West's face (used as a surrealist room) (1934-1935) The work was realized both on paper and in the form of a real room with furniture in the form of a lip-sofa and other things.

Metamorphoses of Narcissus (1936-1937) Or "The Transformation of Narcissus". Deep psychological work. The motif was used as a cover for one of Pink Floyd's discs.

Paranoid transformations of Gal's face (1932) Like a picture-instruction of Dali's paranoid-critical method.

Retrospective bust of a woman (1933) Surreal item. Despite the huge bread and cobs - symbols of fertility, El Salvador, as it were, emphasizes the price to which all this is given: the face of a woman is full of ants eating her.

Woman with a Head of Roses (1935) The head of roses is more of a tribute to Arcimboldo, an artist beloved by the Surrealists. Arcimboldo, long before the appearance of the avant-garde as such, painted portraits of courtiers, using vegetables and fruits to compose them (eggplant nose, wheat hair, and the like). He (like Bosch) was something of a surrealist before surrealism.

The Ductile Construct with Boiled Beans: A Premonition of the Civil War (1936) Like “Autumn Cannibalism” written in the same year, this picture is the horror of a Spaniard who understands what is happening to his country and where it is heading. This canvas is akin to Guernica by the Spaniard Pablo Picasso.

Sun Table (1936) and Poetry of America (1943) When advertising has firmly entered the life of everyone and everyone, Dali resorts to it to create a special effect, a kind of unobtrusive culture shock. In the first picture, he, as it were, accidentally drops a pack of CAMEL cigarettes on the sand, and in the second, he uses a bottle of Coca-Cola.

Venus de Milo with a basin (1936) The most famous Dalian item. The idea of boxes is also present in his painting. This can be confirmed by Giraffe on Fire (1936-1937), Anthropomorphic Locker (1936) and other paintings.

Slave market with the appearance of the invisible bust of Voltaire (1938) One of the most famous "optical" paintings by Dali, in which he skillfully plays with color associations and angle of view. Another extremely famous work of this kind is "Gala, looking at the Mediterranean Sea, at a distance of twenty meters turns into a portrait of Abraham Lincoln" (1976).

Dream caused by the flight of a bee around a pomegranate a second before awakening (1944) This bright picture is characterized by a feeling of lightness and instability of what is happening. In the background is a long-legged elephant. This character is also in other works, such as The Temptation of St. Anthony (1946).

Naked Dali, contemplating five ordered bodies, turning into corpuscles, from which Leda Leonardo is unexpectedly created, impregnated with the face of Gala (1950) One of the many paintings relating to the period of Salvador's passion for physics. He breaks images, objects and faces into spherical corpuscles or some kind of rhinoceros horns (another obsession demonstrated in diary entries). And if Galatea with Spheres (1952) or this picture serves as an example of the first technique, then the Explosion of Raphael's Head (1951) is built on the second.

Hypercubic Body (1954) Corpus hypercubus - a canvas depicting the crucifixion of Christ. Dali turns to religion (as well as mythology, as exemplified by The Colossus of Rhodes (1954)) and writes biblical stories in his own way, bringing a considerable amount of mysticism to the pictures. Gala's wife is now becoming an indispensable character in "religious" paintings. However, Dali does not limit himself and allows you to write quite provocative things. Such as Sodom's Satisfaction of an Innocent Maiden (1954).

The Last Supper (1955) The most famous canvas showing one of the biblical scenes. Many researchers are still arguing about the value of the so-called "religious" period in Dali's work. The paintings “Our Lady of Guadalupe” (1959), “The Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus’s Sleep Effort” (1958-1959) and “The Ecumenical Council” (1960) (in which Dali captured himself) are bright representatives of the paintings of that time.

"The Last Supper" is one of the most amazing paintings of the master. It presents in its totality the scenes of the Bible (the actual supper, the walking of Christ on the water, the crucifixion, prayer before the betrayal of Judas), which are surprisingly combined, intertwined with each other. It's worth saying that biblical theme in the work of Salvador Dali occupies a significant position. The artist tried to find God in the surrounding world, in himself, presenting Christ as the center of the primordial Universe (“Christ of San Juan de la Cruz”, 1951).