Conceptual foundations of NLP methods. Linguistic phenomena in the theory and practice of NLP. The importance of NLP practice for language theory

NLP (neurolinguistic programming) – a popular direction of practical psychology and psychotherapy, which has spread widely in various fields life. A person who knows NLP influences the subconscious of his listeners or his own subconscious with the help of specially selected phrases - linguistic constructions. NLP has become one of the most popular psychological practices, with the help of which a person can change his psyche and influence other people in order to model their behavior.

The influence of NLP on the subconscious occurs through soft Ericksonian hypnosis. It is very different from the classical technique, which completely turns off consciousness. A person proficient in NLP can put his interlocutor into a light trance by adjusting the breathing frequency, eye contact, metaphors and figurative phrases that correspond to the mental characteristics of a person. The trance state helps to shift attention to the inner “I” and facilitates the flow of information into the subconscious. The interlocutor’s consciousness does not turn off. But the speaker gets the opportunity to bypass his “filters,” which allows him to inspire sympathy and inspire trust.

Scope of application of NLP

IN last decades NLP is widely used in psychotherapy and Everyday life.

• NLP in psychotherapy and psychological counseling. Elements of NLP are used to treat: psychological trauma, phobias, depression, psychosomatic disorders, eliminating bad habits. It is used in family counseling and sports psychology. IN psychological trainings increasing stress resistance and others personal qualities.
• NLP in everyday life is widely used by training companies and coaches when conducting trainings and seminars on personal growth, increasing the efficiency of personnel of commercial companies, specialists working in the field of sales and advertising. Pickup or the modern art of seduction was also based on the principles of NLP.

Basic concept in NLP is “subjective experience” - knowledge of the surrounding world through the organs of perception. It has three interrelated components: perceptions, ideas, and beliefs. Experience determines a person’s feelings, his way of thinking, and therefore his behavior. Based personal experience, everyone builds their own picture of the world, their own reality. By observing behavior, one can understand the subjective experience and gain the key to behavior change. Therefore, in NLP the approach to each person should be purely individual. The use of standard schemes and template approaches causes rejection and hostility towards the user of the technique.

The history of NLP

The technique was developed in the 60-70s at the University of California. Three specialists were involved in its creation: psychologist Richard Bandler, linguist John Grinder, and cyberneticist and anthropologist Gregory Bateson. They analyzed the work of three well-known and very successful psychotherapists working in different directions: F. Perls, V. Satir and M. Erickson (founder of Ericksonian hypnosis). After studying their methods of working with the conscious and unconscious, the researchers compiled algorithms that later became the basis of NLP.

How NLP was created

The authors of NLP, and later their followers, found successful psychotherapists and people who successfully dealt with psychological problems, and adopted their secrets. They analyzed the information received, decomposed it into components, and then created step-by-step instructions for solving this problem.

How Neuro Linguistic Programming Works

NLP gives practical advice and clear instructions, using which you can understand the motives of a person’s actions and convey your point of view to him, make him your supporter, arouse sympathy and change his command, get rid of psychological problems.

Effectiveness of NLP depends from a number of factors:

• Uncritical perception of the basics of NLP. Doubting people who are critical of presuppositions and demand scientific evidence of controversial statements will not be able to effectively influence their interlocutor. To convince your opponent you need to believe in what you do and say.
• Individual approach to each person. There are no perfect NLP techniques that are suitable for all people and work in all situations. In each case, you need to analyze, be flexible and choose what is most suitable.
• Correct selection of NLP techniques and their proper combination. Even when working with one person, several techniques are required. Some of them may turn out to be ineffective, others stop working over time, so you need to be fluent in many techniques.
• Strict adherence to all details of the methodology. All the nuances of technology are very important. For example, if it is stated that during psychotherapy using NLP the patient must be in a trance state, then this rule cannot be neglected. Otherwise, the suggestion will not work.
• Mastery and communication skills. People who know the basics of psychology, are used to communicating and do it at ease - psychologists, psychotherapists, teachers, coaches - can quickly master NLP. Those who do not have such skills will have to practice a lot.

Basic principles of NLP - presuppositions

Basic principles of NLP(they are also called presuppositions) are statements and postulates that are the theoretical basis of the methodology. People who practice NLP accept presuppositions as axioms that do not require proof. These statements are designed to change a person's perspective on a situation to make it easier to solve problems.

1. The map is not the territory. Just as a map of a locality is not the territory it describes, so our vision of reality does not coincide with the “objective reality” that actually exists. Our vision depends on past experience, upbringing, mood, attitudes and principles. Therefore, the same situation is perceived different people in my own way. NLP teaches us to understand that the real world is wider than the map that our experience has drawn. Each person has his own vision, and this must be taken into account. Nobody's map is genuine and correct, but the one that gives more opportunities to solve problems is better. Other people's pictures of the world can help you see a problem from a new perspective and find an unexpected solution. Understanding how a person sees reality helps to build an effective model of communication with him.
2. The body and “consciousness” are a single system. Well-being depends on a person’s thoughts, and at the same time, well-being significantly influences the course of thoughts. Changes in consciousness and emotions affect bodily sensations, as they can relieve or increase muscle tone, improve or worsen blood circulation and innervation. For example, when remembering a vacation, a person experiences peace. Without noticing it, it relaxes the muscles, which helps relieve muscle spasms, improve blood circulation and relieve pain.
3. At the core of any behavior is a positive intention that is associated with the original environment. A person always “wants the best,” that is, he is driven by a positive intention. But the actions that he takes to achieve his goal are not always approved by society. For example, in order to provide for the family, one will steal, and the other will work. The choice of action (behavior) depends on the situation in which the decision was made, upbringing, character, moral standards. It happens that reality changes, and the model of behavior that was previously acceptable no longer works. In this case, it is necessary to understand what intention became the basis of this behavior, and then change the behavior to a positive one. For example, enuresis is based on the child’s subconscious intention to attract the attention of his parents. Therefore, in order to get rid of unwanted behavior, you need to help the child achieve the goal in a different way, offering a healthy alternative - communicate kindly with him, spend more time together.
4. All life experiences are stored in nervous system . Everything that has ever happened to a person is recorded in his nervous system and remains in memory, although sometimes accessing these memories can be difficult. In NLP, the past is not always seen as the root of problems. Past experience is a source of resources that help find solutions in difficult situations. Examples of successful behavior can also be found in the experiences of other people and fictional characters.
5. Subjective experience is divided into visual images, sounds, smells, sensations and tastes. In NLP, there are five channels of information perception - visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory and kinesthetic (body receptors and facial expressions). One of the senses is the leading one, through which a person receives basic information. Based on information, he builds his judgments and intentions, which influence behavior. Knowing a person’s modality, that is, which analyzer is his leading one, someone who knows NLP can more effectively convey the necessary information to him. Thus, it influences the behavior of the interlocutor. For example: in order to reach the subconscious of a person whose leading kinesthetic channel is, and convince him to go with you, you can construct a phrase like this: “Feel how the hot sand burns your skin, how the sea water refreshes.”
6. There are no defeats, but only feedback. What people are accustomed to consider defeat or failure is actually a new experience and useful information, which makes a person more perfect and brings him closer to success. For example, after an interview a person was not hired. The situation can be seen as a learning experience. After analyzing the mistakes, you can draw conclusions: how to behave next time, what skills and abilities are required for the interview to be successful.
7. The meaning of communication is the reaction it evokes. When a person speaks, he has a specific intention: to convey or receive information, an emotional reaction, to motivate the interlocutor to action. It also happens that words cause a reaction opposite to that which the speaker was counting on. In response to a neutral phrase or praise, the interlocutor may be offended. This means that the action (statement) did not correspond to your intention. NLP offers a way out that will help you get the desired reaction from your opponent - change the action, choose a different tone, phrases, situation. That is, if it is clear from a person’s reaction that your arguments do not convince him, then you should change tactics. For example, don’t tell, but ask questions.
8. Behavior – choosing the best option from what is available on this moment . A person in any situation chooses the best and most effective from what is available. Usually this choice is reinforced, and he behaves in a similar way in similar situations, even if the technique has lost its effectiveness. For example, a person may repeatedly respond to constructive criticism by yelling if it worked once. The greater his capabilities (mental, financial, physical), the richer the choice of behavioral strategies. The NLP technique is aimed at developing behavioral flexibility and new non-standard patterns of behavior in various situations. This increases the ability to adapt to constantly changing conditions, and thereby become more successful. Within the framework of psychotherapy, this presupposition helps us learn not to regret what we did in the past - after all, it was the best decision in that situation, and we were guided exclusively by positive intentions.
9. Everyone has all the resources they need. Resources in NLP mean knowledge, skills, beliefs, abilities, time, finances, things and people. This is all that allows you to expand the choice of solutions to the problem. For example, the task is to make repairs. If you have enough resources, then you can choose one of three options: 1) you can do it yourself, spending time and effort; 2) you can attract friends; 3) you can pay hired workers. If there are not enough resources (no time, no money), then the number of options is reduced. The more resources, the wider the choice and the easier it is to cope with the problem. The presupposition states that everyone has the necessary resources. At first glance, it is difficult to agree with this statement. But NLP supporters argue that a person just needs to start acting as if he has resources, and they will actually appear.
10. 
    The universe is favorable to us and abundant in resources. The world around us is filled with resources. In the process of evolution, humanity learned to use them, which put man at the top of the pyramid. If people only avoided danger instead of trying to achieve more, this would not have happened. This presupposition tells us that we should trust in the good intentions of other people and boldly use all available resources. In this case, the universe will become even more friendly and generous.

These presuppositions are quite general and difficult to prove using scientific experiments. Therefore, NLP supporters suggest simply taking them on faith, or acting as if you are confident in the correctness of these theses. After a change in behavior, both the feeling of the world and the train of thoughts begin to change. Thus, NLP suggests taking conscious actions in order to influence the deep structures of the psyche to obtain subconscious results.

Created based on presuppositions a large number of models, techniques and techniques of NLP. Each author and trainer adds something different. This article will discuss the most popular techniques.

Application of NLP

Training on how to apply NLP in practice is carried out at seminars and trainings, but you can learn this on your own with enough time and persistence. To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with NLP models, techniques and techniques, take online trainings and apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

NLP Models

NLP models are different ways of perceiving situations. Models are ways of thinking, using which you can find original and effective approaches to people.

NLP model: LANGUAGE FOCUSES

The “Tricks of Language” model allows you to change your opponent’s beliefs and work with his objections. Thus, it provides an advantage in debate to those who apply NLP in everyday life. Knowledge of its techniques makes it possible to improve your public activities, which is important for those working in the field of training, sales, and politics. And these techniques allow psychologists and psychotherapists to change the client’s position on this issue, change his worldview to a more positive and healthy one.

Essentially, “Language Tricks” is a set of speech patterns that help quickly convince your interlocutor. With their help, you can make your opponent doubt the correctness of his judgments by shifting the focus of attention to new aspects of the problem being discussed.

There are fourteen focuses of the tongue. They are used depending on the situation and the type of nervous system of the interlocutor.

• Focus of the tongue - intention

The essence of the method is to intuitively determine the goal that motivates a person, which is hidden behind his statement. The person is then asked to perform an action for this purpose.

– I appreciate your rationality and responsibility, which is why I think that you will cope with this task better than others.

• Focus of language - redefinition

The essence of the method is to replace one of the words in the interlocutor’s statement with one that is close in meaning, but has a different context.

- I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– You cannot say: “I don’t want to do this” while at work.

Or more positive:

- Indeed, it is not your duty. But could you help me?

• Tongue Focus – Consequences

The essence of the method is to outline to the interlocutor the consequences of his choice. They can be both positive and negative, depending on the manner in which the conversation is structured.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– I would like to remind you that the distribution of bonuses to the best employees of the year is currently being considered. Your decision may affect this issue.

• The focus of the tongue is separation

The essence of the method is to analyze in detail each element of the opponent’s statement.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– What exactly is what I ask that is not spelled out in your responsibilities? Let's take it point by point.

• The focus of language is unification

The essence of the method is to generalize part of the belief. This makes it possible to change the relationships between parts of the utterance.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

“We’re all going above and beyond the call of duty here.” Otherwise the work would stop.

• Focus of language - analogy

The essence of the method is to choose an analogy that gives a different meaning to the interlocutor’s statement. It’s good if it’s an anecdote, a parable, a proverb. But any metaphor that is associated with a given situation will do.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– And Noah was a winemaker. It was also not his responsibility to save the world from the flood.

• Tongue Focus – Changing Frame Size

The essence of the method is to look at the situation from the point of view of the past or future.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– If you were told that you would have to perform these functions when you got a job at our company? Would you still be interested in employment?

• Tongue Focus – Different Result

The essence of the method is to show that a given action can have a more significant result than what the opponent claims.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– This may not be stated in your job description, but it can increase our profits by an order of magnitude, attract large quantity clients.

• The focus of language is a model of the world

The essence of the method is to reassess the situation from a different point of view, to use a different model of the world. It is advisable to do this from the position of a person who is significant and authoritative for the opponent.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

“If Harrison Ford hadn’t gone beyond his duties, everyone would still be driving steam engines.”

• Focus of language - strategy of reality

The essence of the method is appealing to real facts, which are comprehended through logic and analytical thinking. At the same time, speculation, intuitive conclusions and emotions of the opponent are swept aside.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– Let’s leave the emotions and talk on the merits. In fact, this is your responsibility. This is stated in paragraph no.

• Tongue focus is the opposite example.

The essence of the method is to find an exception to the rules and give it as an example. This makes the interlocutor's belief less powerful.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– It’s not my responsibility to train employees either, but that’s what I’m doing now. In addition, many in our team have additional workload.

• Focus of language - hierarchy of criteria

The essence of the method is to re-evaluate the interlocutor’s statement in terms of a more important criterion.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

“We are here to help people.” This is more important than following job descriptions.

• Tongue trick - apply to yourself

The essence of the method is whether the interlocutor applies to himself the rule that he is currently guided by.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– Then you should not ask for such exceptions as a flexible schedule or the possibility of remote work.

• Focus of language - meta frame

The essence of the method is that time is changing, what was previously correct has lost its relevance.

– I will not do anything that is not part of my job responsibilities.

– This could have been the case before the crisis. Now we need to fight with all our might for the client and for our own workplace.

NLP model: ANCHORS

In NLP, the term “anchor” means stimulus causing a reaction or conditioned reflex. In turn, the stimulus for creating an anchor can be any word, object, person or anything else (gesture, posture, melody, smell) that triggers an emotion or state. If the anchor is installed on purpose, then something unusual is used as a stimulus, but which can be exactly repeated at the right moment: an unusual gesture, a new keychain.

Setting an NLP anchor has the same principle as the formation of a conditioned reflex. For example, while on vacation you started using a new eau de toilette. After this, holiday impressions are associated with this aroma. After some time, using this eau de toilette will, without meaning to, bring back memories of your vacation. So the aroma became an anchor that triggered pleasant emotions.

Depending on what experience the anchor causes, it can be positive or negative.

• Positive anchor evokes pleasant emotions and resource states useful for solving problems. It helps to induce this state at the right time. For example, performance at work, energy at the end of the day, etc.
• Negative anchor causes negatively colored experiences that complicate activities. It can be used to treat bad habits (overeating, smoking).

You can perform various actions with anchors:

• Anchor overlay- an action as a result of which one stimulus causes two different states. So, to increase efficiency, a work tool (for example, a tablet) can be made an anchor that triggers vigor and interest.
• Collapse of anchors is a state when anchors denoting opposing emotions and states (for example, fear and calmness) neutralize each other. As a result, both reflexes associated with them no longer work, and the stimulus itself does not cause any emotions.
• Reanchoring- replacement of the state that was previously caused by the anchor with another. For example, if school bag caused anxiety in the child associated with possible troubles at school, then after re-anchoring he will arouse interest or confidence in his abilities.
• Anchor Integration– the combination of several positive or several negative states on one anchor. For example, after integrating anchors, a cigarette can become an anchor for disgust, nausea, and hostility, which will help a person cope with a bad habit.

The anchor model in NLP is one of the most popular. More details about installing an anchor and using this model in practice are described in the “Anchoring Resource States” technique.

NLP Model: ASSOCIATION – DISSOCIATION

Let’s imagine a situation: someone insulted you on the street. IN in this case There are two possible ways of perceiving the situation.

• Association– You see the situation with your own eyes and are a direct participant in it. You look at the flushed face of your opponent, hear his voice, feel how you are filled with anger and resentment, how the blood rushes to your face and beats in your temples. With association, you perceive what is happening with all your senses. Because of this, many emotions arise that can either help in resolving the situation or harm.
• Dissociation- this is a way of perception when you see yourself in this situation from the outside. You look at yourself, in conflict, and at your opponent. You see and hear everything that is happening, but at the same time you do not feel emotions that would prevent you from making a rational decision. You can look at yourself from above, over your shoulder, or from the side.

What is the association-dissociation model used for? Association is needed when you want to evoke the emotions that you experienced in that situation. When talking with a loved one, on vacation, during sex, in a moment of triumph. These states are used to set the anchor.

Dissociation helps you look at the situation without unnecessary emotions. This can help at a time when you need to control yourself, for example during a quarrel with your superiors. A detached view from the outside helps reduce anxiety. For example, when you suffer from insomnia because you worry about events that may (or may not) happen in the future. The dissociation method is also used in the fight against phobias and psychological trauma.

NLP Model: METAPROGRAMS

Metaprograms are filters that determine what information enters consciousness and what a person’s attention is focused on. By determining a person’s meta-program, you can predict his behavior, achieve understanding, effectively motivate him, and determine the position where he will be most useful.

It must be taken into account that meta-programs are not a stable phenomenon. The same person can manifest different meta-programs in different situations. For example, at work he relies only on his own opinion, but in family matters he listens to the opinion of his wife. The severity of the meta-program also depends on the state of health and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to select an individual approach to the same person at each meeting.

Types of metaprograms:

At the moment there are more than 50 meta-programs. We will briefly describe the most common of them.

1. Metaprogram " motivation OT-K»

The OT-K motivation meta-program divides people into two groups.

• Motivation K(in 30% of people). People who are characterized by K motivation are focused on success. They are leaders by nature. They are interested in what they can achieve, what they can acquire. For example, a person will be more interested in how to move up the career ladder. At the same time, the question: “how to avoid the anger of his superiors and the hostility of his colleagues” does not concern him.
• Motivation OT(60%) is typical for people who avoid failures and negativity. They tend to set small goals that can be achieved quickly. They value stability. They do not like risk and changes that could lead to changes for the worse. They tend to get rid of problems and shortcomings. For example, they would rather buy a hypoallergenic shampoo that promises to get rid of dandruff and hair loss than a shampoo for beautiful lush and thick hair.

1. Meta-program “WAY OF THINKING”

The meta-program “way of thinking” describes the way information is processed. People are divided into 3 groups, based on whether the person prefers to enlarge, disaggregate, or look for analogies

• Generalization. These people tend to highlight common essential properties of objects and phenomena. Based on observations of small and individual cases, they draw conclusions about the entire category. For example, such a woman will claim that all men are polygamous, based on one betrayal.
• Disaggregation. Humans are characterized by deductive thinking. From knowledge about the general, with the help of inferences, they draw conclusions about the particular. For example, parrots can talk, so any budgie can be taught to talk.
• Analogies. People with this way of thinking draw conclusions based on the similarity of equivalents: if Masha is 10 years old, then her classmates are also 10 years old.

1. Meta-program “MOTIVES”

Conventionally, people can be divided into 4 categories, according to the motives that drive them.

• Power. These people are driven to action by power, the ability to influence the emotions and actions of others. They place their prestige, importance and respect from others above all else. They are good managers and born leaders.
• Involvement. Team players. They are always in the mood for communication, love to make new acquaintances, and maintain old connections. These people are always the center of attention and need recognition and communication. They work well in a group, are able to perform monotonous work for a long time, and do not strive to occupy responsible positions.
• Achievement. People of this type prefer complex tasks, research, new projects that no one has tackled before. They do not need associates and assistants, preferring to work alone. Constantly strive for improvement and development. Must become better than others and better than themselves in the past.
• Avoidance. These people value safety above all. They try to avoid all possible risks and often feel helpless. Their fear program is launched for the most insignificant reasons. They are efficient, but are afraid to take the initiative. They do not express their opinions, trying not to provoke a conflict.

1. Meta-program “REFERENCE”

The “Reference” meta-program helps to divide people into two groups, taking into account which values ​​are leading in decision-making: internal or external.

1. Meta-program “PREFERRED MODALITY”

The “Preferred Modality” meta-program describes through which channel a person prefers to receive information about the outside world. The leading channel can be: vision, hearing, senses (tactile sensations, taste and smell) or internal dialogue. Knowing the preferred modality of the interlocutor makes it possible to adapt to his way of thinking, which gives advantages when communicating with him.

The impact on a person using this NLP meta-program can be divided into 3 stages:

1. Human analysis. Definition of its representative system. Which channel is his leading one: hearing, vision, feelings.
2. Adjustment to the subject's representative system. For example, we say to the visual – “I see that you are right”, to the auditory – “Everything you say is correct”, to the kinesthetic – “I feel that you are right”, and to the digital – “You are right on all counts.”
3. Influencing the subject using various techniques. After adjustment, choose a technique appropriate to the situation.

All meta-programs are inherent to each person to varying degrees. For example, your interlocutor exhibits 70% OT motivation, 80% internal reference, and 90% visual. But in other cases, he may show “to” motivation or kinesthetic properties. Therefore, when communicating, you need to carefully monitor the response your words evoke.

NLP techniques

NLP techniques are step-by-step instructions that allow you to solve a problem without delving into the causes of its occurrence. Let's look at the most productive NLP techniques.

SWAP technique

The “Swing” technique is one of the most popular techniques that operate at the subconscious level. It helps to get rid of bad habits: smoking, alcoholism, overeating, nail biting.

Step one

1. Clarifying Intentions: Why do you need this? What do you get from it? - I smoke to calm down and have fun.
2. Identifying Secondary Benefits: What other benefits do you get? What do you use it for? – Smoking helps you communicate with colleagues and pass the time at work.
3. Benefits from the new state: Why do you want to get rid of this habit? What benefits will you get if you quit smoking? – Health, self-esteem.
4. Ecology check: is it possible Negative consequences after quitting this habit? What are the consequences of refusing it? Is it possible to somehow reduce the negative consequences?

Step two

Drawing up representations. Depending on the person’s modality (what dominates – vision, hearing, sensations, etc.) two pictures are compiled. One symbolizes the image or feeling that occurs when an unwanted program is launched. The second is the image of a person free from bad habit.

Let's consider an example, an attempt to get rid of nicotine addiction in a person with a leading visual analyzer.

1. The first picture is a hand raising a lit cigarette to its mouth.
2. The second picture is a photo of a happy and successful person who managed to quit smoking.

Step three

1. Picture 1. It is necessary to present the picture of “a hand with a cigarette” in close-up, making it as clear, colorful, and contrasting as possible.
2. Picture 2. In the dark corner of the first picture you need to place a second one - small and dim.
3. Performing a "swing". The pictures instantly change places. The picture with the cigarette becomes black and white, dim and small. Picture with in an ideal way unfolds, filled with colors and details. The action happens in a split second.
4. Black screen. Once the perfect picture has been detailed, you need to “clear the screen.” Both images disappear, leaving a black background.
5. Repeat changing pictures 12-15 times. Repeat the exercise daily until the craving for smoking completely disappears.

Technique “ANCHORING RESOURCE STATES”

Using the “anchoring resource states” technique, you can evoke a state or emotion at the right moment. This makes it possible to manage feelings in any situation.

Step one

1. Clarifying the goal: In what situation is an additional resource needed? - at work, when communicating with the opposite sex.
2. Determining the Required Resource: What do you need in this situation to cope with it successfully? For example, calmness during an exam, courage during public speaking, inspiration during creative work.
3. Ecology check: If you had this resource, would you use it? Would your behavior make the situation worse?

Step two

1. Remember the situation, when you had the necessary resource: when you felt confident, calm, joyful. If you haven’t had such a positive experience, you can come up with a story in which you showed the right quality.
2. Come up with an anchor. This may not be a gesture you are used to. For example, grab your wrist right hand with the thumb and forefinger of your left hand or interlace your hands into a lock, straightening and connecting your index fingers.
3. Anchoring. Recreate the selected situation in your imagination down to the smallest detail: who was present, what they said, smells, atmosphere. Remember the resourceful feeling that you would like to experience. When positive experiences reach their highest point, then at that moment it is necessary to attach an anchor. After anchoring, it is necessary to interrupt the reproduction of the situation.
4. Securing the anchor. The chain: “reproduction of the situation – peak of the resource state – anchor – interruption of the situation” is repeated 7-10 times. This number of repetitions is usually enough for the conditioned reflex to become established.

Step three

1. Anchor check. Go about your daily activities. After a while, perform an action that serves as an anchor. Following this, a resourceful state (calmness, confidence) should involuntarily arise. If it does not occur, then anchoring is repeated another 5-7 times.
2. Replaying a problem situation. In your imagination, simulate a situation in which you previously lacked confidence. For example, you are at a table where exam papers are laid out, and a teacher is sitting opposite. You are filled with excitement and anxiety. Use the anchor to bring about the desired state.
3. Strengthening the conditioned reflex. Use the anchor in practice as often as possible to reinforce the skill.
4. Technique “QUICK TREATMENT OF PHOBIAS” or “CINEMA”

Using this technique, you can get rid of not only obsessive fears and phobias, but also any strong emotions: hatred, anger, envy.

NLP today is one of the most popular areas of existing applied psychology. The scope of its application is very extensive: psychotherapy, medicine, marketing, politics and pedagogy, business, advertising.

Unlike most other practically oriented psychological disciplines, NLP provides operational changes, solving problems of both an individual and society as a whole. Moreover, everything is carried out in an unconditionally effective environmental regime.

Introduction to Neuro-Linguistic Programming

It is worth starting with the fact that NLP is a kind of art, a science of excellence, the result of a study of achievements outstanding people in different Positive point is that such communication skills can be mastered by absolutely anyone. You just need to have a desire to improve your professional

Neurolinguistic programming: what is it?

There are various models of excellence built by NLP in the field of communication, education, business, therapy. Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a specific model for structuring individual people’s unique life experience. We can say that this is only one of the many ways of understanding and organizing a complex but unique system of communication and human thoughts.

NLP: history of origin

It appeared in the early 70s, the result of the collaboration of D. Grinder (at that time an assistant professor of linguistics at the University of California at Santa Cruz) and R. Bandler (a student of psychology there), who was very passionate about psychotherapy. Together they examined the activities of 3 great psychotherapists: V. Satir (family therapist, she took on cases that other specialists considered hopeless), F. Perls (innovator of psychotherapy, founder of the school of Gestalt therapy), M. Erickson (world-famous hypnotherapist) .

Grinder and Bandler discovered the patterns used by the above-mentioned psychotherapists, deciphered them, and subsequently built a fairly elegant model that can be used in personal change, as part of accelerated learning, and even to obtain greater pleasure in life.

Richard and John at that time lived not far from G. Bateson (English anthropologist). He was the author of works on systems theory and communication. His scientific interests were very extensive: cybernetics, psychotherapy, biology, anthropology. He is known to many for his theory of the 2nd connection in schizophrenia. Bateson's contributions to NLP are extraordinary.

NLP has evolved in two complementary directions: as a process for identifying patterns of mastery in all areas of human life and as a sufficiently effective method communication and thinking, which is practiced by outstanding people.

In 1977, Grinder and Bandler conducted a series of successful public seminars across America. This art is spreading rapidly, as evidenced by the statistics that to date approximately 100 thousand people have undergone training in one form or another.

Origin of the name of the science in question

Neurolinguistic programming: what is it, based on the meaning of the words included in this term? The word “neuro” refers to the fundamental idea that human behavior originates in neurological processes such as seeing, tasting, smelling, touching, hearing, and feeling. The mind and body form an inseparable unity - the essence of man.

The “linguistic” component of the name demonstrates the use of language in order to organize one’s thoughts, one’s behavior in order to be able to communicate with other people.

“Programming” implies indicating how a person organizes his actions and ideas in order to obtain the desired result.

NLP Basics: Maps, Filters, Frames

All people use their senses to perceive the world around them, study it, and transform it. The world is an endless variety of sensory manifestations, but people can perceive only a tiny part of it. The information received is subsequently filtered by unique experiences, language, values, assumptions, culture, beliefs, interests. Each person lives in a certain unique reality, which is built from purely personal sensory impressions and individual experience. His actions are based on what he perceives - on his personal model of the world.

The world around us is so large and rich that people are forced to simplify it in order to comprehend it. Good example this is creation geographical maps. They are selective: they carry information and at the same time miss it, but still act as an incomparable assistant in the process of exploring the territory. The fact that a person knows where he is trying to get depends on what kind of map he draws up.

Humans are equipped with numerous natural, necessary, beneficial filters. Language is a filter, a map of thoughts specific person, his experiences, which is separated from the real world.

Fundamentals of Neurolinguistic Programming - Behavioral Frameworks. This is the understanding of human actions. So, the first frame is focus on results, and not on a specific problem. This means that the subject searches for something to strive for, then finds suitable solutions, and subsequently applies them to achieve the goal. The problem focus is most often referred to as the “blame frame.” It consists of a deep analysis of the existing reasons for the impossibility of achieving the desired result.

The next frame (second) is to ask the question “how?”, and not “why?”. It will lead the subject to an awareness of the structure of the problem.

The essence of the third frame is feedback in return for failure. There is no such thing as failure, only results. The first is a way of describing the second. Feedback holds back the goal in

Considering possibility rather than necessity is the fourth frame. You should focus on possible actions, and not on existing circumstances that limit a person.

NLP also welcomes curiosity, surprise instead of pretense. At first glance, this is a fairly simple idea, but it has very profound implications.

Another useful idea is the ability to create internal resources that a person needs to achieve his goal. It is more likely to believe in the correctness of actions than to assume the opposite will help you achieve success. This is nothing more than neuro-linguistic programming. What it is has already become clear, so it’s worth moving on to considering its methods and techniques.

NLP methods

These are the main theoretical and practical aspects of using neurolinguistic programming. These include:

• anchoring;
• submodality editing;
• flapping techniques;
• work with obsessive, problematic, phobic conditions.

These are the basic methods of neurolinguistic programming.

Changing the perception of an event

This is one of the application exercises the simplest technology neurolinguistic programming. For example, jealousy. It proceeds in 3 sequential stages: visualization (presentation of a scene of betrayal), then auditoryization (presentation of the sound accompaniment of a scene of betrayal) and at the end - kinesthetic perception (the appearance of a negative feeling of betrayal).

The essence of this technique is the violation of one of the stages. In this example, this may be a conviction that the scene of betrayal is far-fetched at the first stage, at the second - presenting it accompanied by funny music, which leads to a change in the perception of the whole picture as a whole at the third stage (it becomes funny). This is how neuro-linguistic programming works. A variety of examples can be given: imaginary illness, the power of photographic memory, etc.

Pedagogy as a field of application of NLP

As mentioned earlier, there are a large number of areas where neurolinguistic programming is used. Training can also take place using NLP methods and techniques.

Scientists argue that through neurolinguistic programming, a significant part of school material can be mastered much faster and more effectively without the formation of school phobias, mainly due to the development of student abilities. With all this, this process is very exciting. This applies to any teaching activity.

The school has its own unique culture, which is formed from several subcultures that have their own patterns of nonverbal communication.

Due to the fact that school educational levels are differentiated, each of them generates its own patterns of effective learning styles. These levels are grouped into categories:

1. Primary school. At the age of 6, children leave the walls of kindergarten and enter 1st grade as a so-called kinesthetic creature. Educators know that children perceive the real world through touch, smell, taste, etc. In elementary school, a typical practice is to go through procedures - kinesthetic learning.

2. High school. Starting from the 3rd grade, adjustments are made to the learning process: the transition from kinesthetic perception to auditory perception. Children who find it difficult to adapt to this transition remain to finish their studies or are transferred to special classes.

3. High school students. There is another transition from auditory to visual perception. The presentation of school material becomes more symbolic, abstract, and graphic.

These are the basics of neuro-linguistic programming.

Corridor and conveyor

The first concept is the place where the development of the student's lagging modality occurs. In other words, the corridor is process-oriented, while the conveyor is content-oriented.

With an emphasis on the latter, the teacher must use neurolinguistic programming: teaching through multisensory techniques in order to provide the opportunity for each individual student to choose the process that is familiar to him. However, as a rule, a “conveyor” teacher builds the learning process in the first modality, while a “corridor” teacher will need to choose an individual approach to each student (corridor). Thus, the ability to establish an appropriate learning style is the basis for success.

Application of NLP in sects

There are also areas of life where neurolinguistic programming acts as a lever for negative manipulation. Various examples can be given. Most often these are sects.

Alexander Kapkov (cult expert) believes that at one time, secret methods of neurolinguistic programming were quite often used in various kinds of religious groups, for example, in the sect of Ron Hubbard. They are very effective for quickly and effectively zombifying adherents (they allow you to manipulate a person). The effects of psychotechnics in sects are passed off as the condescension of grace.

The article explained what neurolinguistic programming is (what it is, what methods and techniques it uses), and also provided examples of its practical application.

You've probably noticed that lately proposals for mastering various technologies for personal growth and self-development have been popping up at every step. One of them includes neurolinguistic programming. But the question arises: how beneficial or harmful is its use?

With the development of technology and increased access to world wide web the majority of the Earth's population got the opportunity to look at a life other than their own: through social media, YouTube, Instagram. And, looking at photographs of celebrities and rich people, many people began to ask themselves questions: “why am I worse?”, “what can I do to have the same?”, “what qualities is this person superior to me?” And this is just one example of topics that concern modern people and are closely related to the personal perception of one’s place in the world.

It is no secret that dissatisfaction with oneself or the events occurring around oneself often leads to the development of depression, immersion in melancholy, or even the development of personality disorders.

This is where a person comes to the rescue psychological science, including such areas as Gestalt psychology, humanistic psychology, transactional analysis and others. However, in addition to the generally accepted scientific schools, there are many who are notorious due to the fact that, instead of positive result, their use can lead to disastrous consequences. One of these is neuro-linguistic programming, or NLP. We'll talk about it today.

What is NLP?

Neurolinguistic programming, in the words of its creator Richard Bandler, is “an attitude and a methodology.” Despite this, both proponents and opponents of NLP call it a practical direction in psychotherapy, however, their opinions differ when it comes to the effectiveness of NLP practices.

At its core, NLP uses a whole range of different scientific and pseudoscientific areas, including psychotherapy, Gestalt psychology, hypnosis, programming and linguistics.

The main goal of NLP is to help a person become a better person.

Of course, one can object here and say that the main goal of NLP is to make money, but we will discuss this issue at the end. It is based on a model that allows everyone who is willing and able to reproduce patterns (schemes, models, ideas) of mastery based on subjective experience successful people. Simply put, if a famous billionaire sits with his left leg crossed over his right, you need to do the same. This is the simplest and crudest example, but it reflects the content of NLP: If you want to become better, focus on those who are better.

The creators of NLP argued that our brain is capable of acting like a computer, which can be programmed for a certain model of behavior and life.

History of NLP

Without historical information and descriptions of the personalities who were at the heart of the creation of NLP, it is impossible to understand its essence and the reasons for its criticism. For the first time, the sprouts of NLP arose thanks to working together three individuals: Richard Bandler, John Grinder and Frank Pucelik. Considering that the latter is mentioned extremely rarely and reluctantly, he is not included among the founders of NLP. It is believed that it was Bandler, who was involved in programming, and Grinder, a psychologist and linguist, who developed the first theoretical model of human “language programming.”

Richard Bandler

Richard Bandler is an extremely controversial figure these days.

But back in 1972, he was an interested student who devoted himself, in his free time from programming and mathematics, to the study of Gestalt psychology, which was practiced in intensive group seminars. It was during heated discussions that the theoretical basis NLP. Bandler, despite the fact that he was still a student, actually led the group and was Grinder’s “model” on which he had to rely. That is, Grinder had to imitate Bandler's behavior. In this not yet formed concept, created by the second, the first introduced linguistic content.

The very figure of Richard Bandler is extremely contradictory: he was rude, arrogant, quarreled with his colleagues, took cocaine, and even tried to prove in court that the intellectual rights to NLP belonged to him, but lost. Today, he is one of thousands of personal development coaches who tell people that to be productive, you need to work, and to not be sad, you don't need to be sad. But the theory itself is worthy of discussion.

The essence of NLP

It should be noted that the titles of the first books published on NLP indicate their focus: “The Structure of Magic. Volume 1-2" (1975, 1976), "Milton Erickson's Hypnotic Technique Templates. Volume 1-2" (1975, 1977). They were not deeply scientific, just as the NLP theory itself is not today.

According to the creators, the books were intended for “ordinary” people. And this is their peculiarity.

Neurolinguistic programming is not a part of psychology or psychotherapy, it is a technique, a collection of tips, practical recommendations and, as mentioned above, a position. NLP is not afraid of criticism; on the contrary, it welcomes it. And its representatives call empirical methods, that is, experience and its results, the main factor in the success of their practices. To successfully master this technique, you need to be ready to experiment, since NLP does not provide the answer itself, but only a series of recommendations for your own search.

Let's take a closer look at the basic postulates of NLP.

Postulate 1. Every person has a representative system

We receive information about the world thanks to our sense organs, which are called representational systems. The resulting data is transmitted to the central nervous system, where it is processed into data that serves as the basis for developing behavior.

This way, you can determine which one you and other people use. For example, if a person in his speech focuses on the words “I look at this issue the same way,” he uses the visual system, if “I feel the same as you,” he uses the kinesthetic system. Similar pointers are predicates, or specific language keys in human speech, which can also be called linguistic markers.

By defining a representative model of a person, it is possible to carry out 3 types of actions that will help us enter into rapport with him (a trusting relationship). Firstly, this accession, in which you match your model with that of another person, that is, you use linguistic patterns and vocabulary to imitate the model of your interlocutor. For example, if a person says to you: “I see that you haven’t eaten your porridge,” you can answer: “Yes, it really looks like that.” Or, the second option is to say: “Yes, I hear your argument and agree with it” and disconnect.

The third option is called mirroring and involves maximum imitation of human behavior. If joining implies that you share the person's representational system as a whole, then to mirror you need to act exactly like him. That is, if your interlocutor scratches behind his ear, you must (after a certain time, of course, so that he does not think that you are teasing) do the same.

The main tool for defining a representative system is sensory acuity, or a person's ability to notice external behavioral cues and interpret them.

It is achieved simply - through daily training, which consists of observing breathing, changes in complexion, muscle tone, position of the lower lip and tone of voice. In the process, in order to “join” a person, you need to calibrate your behavior, depending on the patterns of behavior of your interlocutor.

Why is this necessary? People who think and behave alike are more likely to be attracted to each other.

Postulate 2. “Map” is not “territory”

There are two levels of perception of reality: internal and external. We construct reality at the internal level (internal representation) through the receipt of data by the senses and their subsequent processing. However, our internal interpretation of an event is not its real reflection. Therefore, the “map” that is created within us is not the “territory” that exists outside.

Postulate 3. A person’s behavior corresponds to his “map”

The perception of reality, and therefore our actions, depends directly on our internal “map”. They consist of our beliefs, values, so they are positioned as our “thoughts”. Thus, NLP practitioners argue that changing the “map” contributes to the formation of a new model. To put it simply, there is objective reality, it is not a matrix, but we still perceive it incorrectly. So why not program perception with more practical thoughts?

Postulate 4. Consciousness and body directly influence each other’s state

The placebo effect clearly demonstrates the fact that the presence of beliefs can lead to changes in physical condition. And if the mind can heal the body, then the reverse process is also possible. That is, if we feel moral pain in our hearts, then there will be a threat of the formation of a real disease, as NLP practitioners claim.

Postulate 5. We must respect the model of the world, or “map”, of other people

Subjective perception really exists and will cause a considerable amount of controversy, usually associated with an attempt to convince a person or with a lack of understanding of why he thinks this way and not otherwise. For an NLP professional, an important basis for interacting with people is accepting the possibility of their “map” and respecting it. Moreover, when trying to influence the “card,” a defensive reaction may arise, and most likely will occur, which will negate efforts to establish rapport.

Postulate 6. Personality and behavior are not the same thing

Moral values personalities are not defined by actions, which may depend on a particular context. It should be expected that a person’s behavior in the same situations, but under the influence of different factors, may differ. Thus, behavior does not define the person himself.

Postulate 7. The main result of communication is not the delivery of thoughts, but the reaction

Due to subjective perception, information provided by one person may be interpreted by another in a completely different way. Communication is not a monologue, and the reaction of your interlocutor determines the effectiveness of your ability to convey a point. If a person does not react in the way you want, then you should change not his model of perception, but your model of behavior and communication.

Postulate 8. There are no defeats, there is feedback

One of the main tenets of NLP is that there is no such thing as defeat. If during the communication you were unable to convey the idea, then this should be feedback, that is, the opportunity to analyze your mistakes and correct them. NLP practitioners often cite the example of Thomas Edison, who conducted more than 10,000 failed experiments and said that he did not fail, but discovered 10,000 options for what should not be done. As a rule, failure is perceived as a reason to retreat, while it should provide an opportunity to adapt one's behavior.

Criticism of NLP

Before we talk about criticism of NLP, we need to consider two points. Firstly, like any other science, psychology is open to new ideas and experience, because without this development is impossible. But psychologists as its representatives are a different matter. It is no secret that it is easier to criticize than to build your own scientific theory, and therefore in science there are often cases when the H-index, or the scientific citation index and the main indicator of a scientist’s success, is created exclusively thanks to critical works.

And secondly, NLP is a theoretical framework that anyone can use. Like one of its two creators, Richard Bandler, proponents of NLP can get a bad reputation for misusing or selfishly using their knowledge. For example, the same coaches personal development calling NLP a unique way to make common man successful billionaire.

In general, three main positions can be distinguished:

1. Supporters are those who fully share the ideas of NLP.
2. Opponents are those who believe that the theoretical basis of NLP is seriously undermined and can harm not only the person himself, but also the people around him. They, as a rule, choose the pretentious and unscientific language in which NLP is described as the main target of criticism. Neurolinguistic programming promises a lot, which is why the requirements for results are too high.
3. Realists have the most non-conflict position of those presented. Realists simultaneously see both the pros and cons of NLP. They highlight the weak effectiveness, underdeveloped theory, and inflated promises of the creators and supporters of NLP, but note the scientific validity of the first works on NLP and the possibility of achieving a positive result from the use of certain techniques.

What can you say on the merits?

In this article, we did not discuss specific methods of “achieving happiness” and turning oneself into a “successful businessman”; let personal development coaches do this. We have analyzed some of the postulates of NLP so that each reader can define whether to agree with these theses.


NLP has attracted a huge amount of criticism, although it has never tried to reach the stars from heaven. A person who understands the postulates of NLP and shares them will not enter into disputes, because he has made his own choice.

It is the idea of ​​perception and choice that runs through the entire concept: if you don’t want to understand, don’t do it; if you want, do it.

The very essence of NLP is the assertion that we cannot completely recreate reality within ourselves, but it gives us the opportunity to decide for ourselves how we see it. Hence, by the way, the widespread dissemination of personal training based on NLP, the creators of which do not have a specialized education and are interested in making a profit.

Of course, too much enthusiasm for other people's practices can lead to instability of your internal state, but NLP teaches a person to be successful and at the same time respect other people's perception of the world. Quite adequate postulates, right? This is how the author of the article sees the concept of NLP. What you see depends on you.

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Neurolinguistic programming- the science of the impact of words on a person. These are methodological techniques that allow a person to program himself through words and then change these programs.

One of the basic provisions of neurolinguistic programming is the assertion that every person carries hidden, untapped mental resources. Therefore, the main tasks of the therapist-communicator are to provide the patient with access to these resources, extract them from the subconscious, bring them to the level of consciousness, and then teach them to use them.

How to “look” into the patient’s internal mental processes? There are only two ways: (using the word) and , which is especially important in NLP.

A person perceives and reflects the world through their organs. The process and mechanism of such perception in neurolinguistic programming is called modality. They talk about visual (visual), auditory (auditory) modalities and a modality based on olfactory-gustatory and bodily sensations (kinesthetic). One of the modalities is usually dominant in a person, the others are accompanying.

There is a relationship between the dominant modality in which a person perceives the world and the words with which he expresses this perception. These are the predicates of speech:
- visual predicates - words “see”, “bright”, “hazy”, “clearly”, “perspective”, etc.
- auditory predicates - words “hear”, “sound”, “creak”, “shout”, “deafen”, etc.,
- kinesthetic - “feel”, “touch”, “warm”, “heavy”, “rough”, “hard” or “smell”, “tasty”, “stale”, “fragrant”, etc.

Predicates are formed in the patient at a subconscious level, and the therapist, in order to quickly form rapport, needs to use those predicates that the patient primarily resorts to. Speech predicates are “keys” that give access to its internal ones.

No less important “access keys” to are non-verbal, external signs manifestations and emotions (posture, facial reactions, timbre of voice, breathing rhythm, etc.).

One of the “access keys” to the unconscious is eye patterns.

The ability to quickly recognize the “modality” in which the patient perceives the world, find “access keys,” enter the modality and work with the “access keys” is called tuning in NLP.

If a person perceives the external world in different modalities, one of which is dominant, then he reflects his inner world in approximately the same way.

Before saying anything or answering a question, the patient must “gain access” to his own information, to his unconscious mental processes.

The system responsible for extracting information is called leading, the system presenting this information to consciousness is called representative, and the system that verifies the result is called referent.

Chain mental processes leading to one form or another of behavior is called a behavioral strategy in NLP. A socially immature or sick person usually has one behavior strategy for each situation, a socially mature person has two, three or more. The more strategies, the more choice and the better.

In neurolinguistic programming there is the concept of a meta-model. This is a set of linguistic means to obtain information that is hidden from the patient himself.

A person perceives the world subjectively, so everyone has their own model of the world. Sometimes the patient's subjective model of the world cannot be corrected.

The basic rule of NLP is the following: recognizing a person’s right to his own rules, allow the rest of the world to have theirs.

Basic methods and techniques of NLP
“Anchor” method, work with submodalities, overlay, decision making, belief change, “swing”, “explosion”, visual-kinesthetic dissociation, “Look at yourself with eyes full of love” method, reframing, therapeutic metaphor.

More recently, the concept of NLP has come into common use among many people. Techniques and techniques suggest that the human brain can be influenced in a certain way. This is why many people use NLP practice, learning its rules, because they think that we are talking about methods of manipulating the consciousness of others.

In modern society, NLP is something like " magic wand", using which you can influence yourself or others. In fact, NLP techniques are indeed effective, but only with conscious use and understanding of brain processes. Psychologists advise using NLP techniques to develop yourself.

What is NLP?

What is NLP? People mostly understand this term narrowly. Neurolinguistic programming is a technology that allows you to influence the course of thinking, behavior of an individual, and control your own mind. Many people try to use these techniques on others. This is why NLP is so common in politics, training, coaching, trading, promotions and even seduction (pickup).

The NLP method is based on the teachings of three psychotherapists:

1. V. Satir is the founder of family therapy.
2. M. Erickson is the author of Ericksonian hypnosis.
3. F. Perls is the founder of Gestalt therapy.

Individuals who adhere to the principles of NLP are convinced that reality is determined by how a person reacts and perceives it, which allows them to change their beliefs, heal psychological trauma, transform behavior. Behavioral reactions have been studied by psychologists to determine their basis. And in fact, they succeeded, which is what the NLP technique is based on.

NLP psychology

Changes are inevitable - this is how NLP psychology explains. This direction is an independent field that studies individual experience, behavioral reactions, human thought processes, as well as copying successful strategies.

NLP is a field of practical psychology, when a person is engaged not in study, but in practice to transform himself. This trend originated in the 20th century in the 70s. NLP is based on all areas of psychology.

The main goal of NLP is to transform a person into a successful individual. Various ways and techniques on how to achieve this are explored here. It is based on the thought processes used by a particular individual, which is manifested in his emotions, beliefs, and behavioral reactions. That is why the main techniques are aimed at controlling one’s own thinking, emotions and reactions, which should form a successful pattern of behavior that manifests itself in the outside world.

NLP methods are used today in many industries, especially in psychology and commerce. When a person wants to influence, he resorts to NLP techniques, which are aimed at transformation in order to acquire and develop a successful model of behavior. It doesn’t matter what kind of person a person is or what experience he or she has. What becomes important is what a person can do now, change in himself in order to...

NLP does not claim to be an explanation of how the world works. He's not really interested in that. An important tool is one in which theory turns into practice, which helps a person improve his own life and solve problems.

There is no concept of “correct” here. NLP practitioners use the term "appropriate" regardless of whether it is moral or correct. What matters is what works and changes, helps and improves, and not what is considered correct.

According to NLP, a person is the creator of his own misfortunes, successes, bitterness and happy moments. All of them are based on his beliefs and past experiences, which he continues to use at the present moment.

NLP Techniques

NLP is a set of techniques that help a person manage his own brain processes. Here are the following techniques:

• Anchoring is the most popular in NLP. This is a way of creating an association in a person between his experiences and external circumstances. For example, when playing one piece of music, certain memories that were associated with it arise. This happened because the music sounded at the moment when a significant event happened to a person.
• Reframing.
• Love techniques are used in pickup when an individual wants to please opposite sex. Hypnosis, anchoring and anecdotes are used here. A popular technique is the “Triple Helix”, when a person begins to tell one story, then abruptly moves on to a second, after which he jumps to a third without finishing either one. After the third story, he moves on again to the second, ending it, and to the first, ending it in the same way.
• The swing technique is aimed at change, transformation. This is done in two ways. The first image is what a person wants to get rid of. The second image is what a person wants to acquire, what to replace with. First, we present the first image in a large and bright size, then the second image in a small and dim size. Then we swap them and imagine how the first image decreases and dims, and the second image increases and becomes brighter. This needs to be done 15 times, and then track the success of the transformation.
• Language strategies.
• Inserted message technique.
• Manipulative techniques are especially popular among people who want to influence the beliefs and reactions of others. Among them are:

1. "Demand more." At first you ask for more than you need. If a person refuses, then over time you can ask for less - just as much as you need. Because of the inconvenience of being rejected, the person will agree to the second offer so as not to appear bad.
2. Paraphrasing.
3. Flattery. Here you are through compliments and pleasant words harmonize with the sensations and feelings that a person has about himself. This endears the other person to you.
4. Name or status. A person likes to be called by name. You can win him over by saying his name often. It’s the same with status: the more often you call someone your friend, the more he becomes one.

NLP techniques

NLP techniques are no less interesting than techniques. They are often practical in nature to influence others. Interesting ones are:

1. Offering a person what he wants to receive, and then saying what you would like to receive. For example, “You can take a break. Please make me some coffee."
2. Complicating the situation. When you tell a person a complex mechanism for the development of events so that you can ultimately get what you want. For example, “Tomorrow my friend will come to you to get your phone number so I can call you.”
3. Using strong words that will motivate people to take action. For example, always, constantly, every time, again.
4. Repeating the end of the interlocutor’s phrase, continuing it with your own statement.
5. Using the words “please”, “dear”, “be kind”, etc. at the beginning of a phrase.
6. Pronouncing an important word that should be emphasized in a loud and clear intonation.
7. The “closer-farther” technique, which is often used in relationships between people, especially in love. This is when a partner first brings another person closer to him with his love, affection, attention, etc., and then grows cold towards him, moves away, stops paying attention, etc. The stages alternate with each other.
8. Adjustment is a popular technique that is used to establish trusting relationships. It lies in the fact that you adapt to your interlocutor, copying his gestures, facial expressions, voice intonation, mood, etc.

NLP rules

In NLP there are rules that are additional transformative techniques:

1. Pay attention to your own sensations, visual images, feelings, states. Any change inside a person indicates that something has changed in him or in the outside world. This will help in monitoring the situation.
2. All human experience is recorded in his nervous system. It can be retrieved and modified.
3. A person notices in others what is inherent in himself. In rare cases, an individual notices in others something that is not inherent in him. Therefore, any shortcoming or advantage that you note in others, most likely, is in yourself.
4. A person decides for himself who he will be in this world and how he will live.
5. Every individual has enormous potential, which is much greater than he thinks.
6. Everything in life flows and changes. As you move, new paths and paths appear.

NLP hypnosis is based on different rules, since it uses verbal or non-verbal suggestion techniques. This is introducing a person into a special state in which he will not resist new beliefs. Hypnosis is used by all people in everyday life, since everyone wants to influence each other.

You can also resort to reprogramming, when you tune yourself into different beliefs.

NLP training

Is it possible to learn NLP? There are many trainings that offer similar services. NLP training can be done not only through special trainings, but also from books. Of course, this process will be a little more difficult and take longer to develop, but it will also affect the transformation.

Perhaps everyone would like to master NLP techniques and techniques. However, it should be understood that all of them may or may not work. NLP techniques work best on insecure, weak and low self-esteem people. Successful and self-confident people are difficult to succumb to external influence.

It is better to use NLP in relation to yourself for the purpose of transformation and development. After all, this practice was originally developed so that people would change and improve their lives.

NLP training helps in expanding your skills, establishing communication connections, and self-improvement. Here are collected various techniques and techniques that will suit everyone.

Bottom line

NLP is not a method of manipulation, although it offers technologies that are manipulative in nature. Here, both the theoretical and practical parts of psychology are simultaneously revealed. We are talking about influencing the subconscious, which often happens unconsciously in people. The result is a life that operates and develops according to incomprehensible rules.

To take control of the course of your life, you can use NLP techniques, which show effectiveness not only in influencing others, but also in influencing yourself.