"Society of Russian Literature": say the participants of the congress. Speech by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill at the plenary session of the Congress of the Society of Russian Literature

On March 9, under the chairmanship of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, an expanded meeting of the Patriarchal Council for Culture was held, dedicated to the establishment of the Society of Russian Literature. The Society includes the permanent author of "Russian folk line", Professor of the Department of Russian Literature and Intercultural Communication State Institute Russian language named after A.S. Pushkina, Doctor of Philology, Chairman of the Russian Association of Researchers, Teachers and Teachers of Rhetoric, Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education Russian Federation Vladimir Annushkin.

Vladimir Ivanovich shares his impressions of the event:

The event that took place, in my opinion, is of extreme importance. Finally, we have the Society of Russian Literature - after the Russian Geographical Society and the Russian Historical Society. I am sure that we now have the opportunity to address in all its breadth to the problems of words and literature as tools that organize and constitute the essence of our life. The idea of ​​the Word is the main idea of ​​not only Russian, but also European philosophy, philology and culture. Man is the image of God, which means verbal.

It is also remarkable that the Society was headed by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill, whose verbal personality (let me be frank!) One cannot but admire ... And this time in this meeting he brilliantly commented on the speeches of the speakers, correctly, for example, having remarked to Nikita Sergeevich Mikhalkov that we do not need “ coups and revolutions ”, and we will act“ meekly and humbly ”, but gradually and persistently ...

What should the Society do if we already have ROPRYAL ( Russian society teachers of the Russian language and literature), the Association of teachers of the Russian language and literature at school, similar - at the university, the International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (MAPRYAL)? I would like to believe that it is the Society of Russian Literature that will deal with many unresolved problems concerning both the “life of the language”, our verbal existence, and the problems of teaching the Russian language and literature (however, also the literature and rhetoric itself), which was most of all discussed at the constituent meeting on March 9th.

But two words must be said about history, because we already had the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, which was opened at Moscow University in 1811. It played a colossal role in the development of Russian education, and, in particular, verbal education. It is enough to give the following fact: Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl published his dictionary at the Society of Russian Literature Lovers. It was through the efforts of members of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature that a monument to Pushkin was erected in Moscow. All famous Russian writers took part in its activities. In 1930, the Society was closed, but in 1990 it was revived at the initiative of the academician Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev.

In the monthly meetings of the Society, held mainly at the Marina Tsvetaeva Museum, Active participation many of our philologists and philologists, my colleagues, including myself. The society existed mainly thanks to the extraordinary energy and enthusiasm of its secretary. Raisa Nikolaevna Kleimenova(1940-2010). Through her efforts, more than twenty books have been published under the OLRS stamp, including the research “Society of Russian Literature Lovers. 1811-1930 (2002) "; "Pushkin and OLRS (1999)"; "IN AND. Dahl and ALRS (2002) "; "Gogol and OLRS (2005)". But with the passing of Raisa Nikolaevna, the Society somewhat lost its activity and now in fact does not exist under this name, although it carries out separate events.

I pin great hopes on the new Society, because the new naming should justify the meanings that are embedded in the word "literature" itself.

Our intelligentsia, our philological science are responsible for people to understand the role and meaning of the word - language - speech in their life, because what is the language - such is life, what is the language - such is the person. Here, each of us bears our share of responsibility for how we, philologists, spread knowledge about the "great Russian word", how we are able to form in ourselves and our students the art of mastering the word, which, of course, begins with moral philosophy and ethics set forth in the main cultural texts of humanity. When discussing the problems of words and literature, every time we touch upon the main thing: what is Truth? How to live according to the "truth of God" (and in our speeches only the "human" truth is often defended)?

Will the Society of Russian Literature be able to justify the hopes that were placed on it when it was created? It depends on our "personal" initiatives, inspiration, will, ingenuity, determination, intelligence and tact ... Can we hope that the Ministry of Education and Science will listen to the opinion of the Society? It depends on the efforts of both parties. After all, the danger of democracy is that they listen to your opinion, thank you, and then just do it in their own way, regardless of the opinion expressed. However, a drop wears away the stone ...

Speaking about my initiatives, I want to tell you that in the very near future we will organize a series of lectures at the International Fund Slavic writing and culture. On March 28, my evening on Russian literature "Russian language in poetry and music" will take place.

The most significant initiative is the educational project "Objective of Culture", within the framework of which regular lectures will be held at the Moscow Government House on Novy Arbat. On April 7, 2016, the first evening will take place under the title "Living Word and Literature". On it we will talk about the culture of modern Russian speech, about the music of the Russian word and the word in music. ... If you disagree, we ask you to leave the site and do not use it. You can disable cookies in your web browser settings.
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Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia became the head of the established Society of Russian Literature, which will be a new discussion platform for discussing issues of teaching Russian language and literature.

“You all know very well what kind of public discussions are taking place in the country. public opinion and the opinion of the expert community on a number of issues related to the teaching of literature, the Russian language in terms of attitudes towards the ongoing education reform. The scale of this reform, its acuteness, goal-setting, maybe even political and cultural consequences may be such that this discussion cannot be limited only by the framework of departments and expert communities, "the head of the Russian Orthodox Church said on Wednesday at a meeting constituent assembly Society of Russian Literature.

According to him, President Vladimir Putin offered him to head the Society of Russian Literature.

In addition, during the meeting, the patriarch expressed concern about the results in the Russian language and literature that Russian schoolchildren demonstrate in last years at the Unified State Exam. In his opinion, this speaks of "a low level of development of society." "What is permissible in underdeveloped countries cannot be permissible in the country of Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky, in a country where illiteracy was overcome in the most difficult time, in a country that has reached a very high level of education," the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church is convinced ...

The Society of Russian Literature includes professors and teachers of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Russian Language named after A.S. Pushkin, Moscow State University. MV Lomonosov, Higher School of Economics, Literary Institute, VGTRK director Oleg Dobrodeev, writers Sergei Shargunov, Zakhar Prilepin, Yuri Polyakov, poet Yuri Kublanovsky, filmmakers Nikita Mikhalkov and Stanislav Govorukhin, as well as many public and cultural figures, scientists.

Alexander Prokhanov comments on the event:

With interest and deep sympathy I learned about the creation of the Society of Russian Literature. It is also interesting that this is being done under the auspices of the Church, under the auspices of the growing Orthodox worldview, which is increasingly replacing nihilism, depressive consciousness, and deliberate damage to the Russian language. This initiative is extremely necessary against the backdrop of a very powerful cohort, which is engaged not only in literature, philology, but is a huge ideological complex striving to mobilize a liberal project in Russia. This project has recently been retreating, opening up a place for the state, imperial world consciousness. But this influence is still very modest, and the liberal crowd, no, no, and it demonstrates its ability to control cultural space Russia. Consider the recent statement of the PEN Club in defense of Savchenko, reminiscent of a powerful ideological invasion that threatens the very existence of the Russian state. Therefore, the creation of this Society is a phenomenon of national importance.

But as an artist, as a person, experienced in all the vicissitudes of literary processes over the past thirty or forty years, I also have fears. Russian literature contains many factions, mixes, tendencies that have turned our literature into a phenomenon that contains the complexity of the universe, in which the plans of the Lord glitter at the same time and the forces of devilish darkness curl. I am afraid that church tutelage over modern literature would not result in harsh censorship, because many Christian postulates are very far from the hidden and complex laboratories in which novels or poems are born.

I am interested to know how the Society will deal with Tolstoy, who, despite the past times and dates, is still an unloved and unwelcome writer for the modern church elite. How the Society will perceive the grandiose culture Silver Age, in which for the church there is enough God-opposite. The culture of the Russian Silver Age is the precious, unique "Inonia" of Yesenin, the works of the Symbolists, which in many ways can be interpreted as courtly, erotic, which contradicts the ideas of the Church.

It seems to me that the Society of Russian Literature should not turn into a factory of censored texts. There is a huge problem - finding a language that connects the Church with youth, often corrupted, confused, speaking in slang. Our parish priests in their sermons, as a rule, worthy and deeply canonical, often do not find access to the hearts of young exalted people. Therefore, the creation of this Society is beneficial in itself. It seems to me that the Society should merge into a wider movement of Russian writers of the most diverse trends and views, which is opposed to the monstrous onslaught of liberal nihilism. And if one of the Society's goals is to counteract aggressive, caustic, acidic liberal energy, then it must be adequate. Antidotes must be found for liberal poisons. Against the darkness there should be a point filled with light, like the spear of Peresvet. And this movement must be acutely social and, if you like, bloody, because Russian literature after 1991 was pierced by liberal hatred.

I am also surprised by the composition of the assembly. Of course, Nikita Mikhalkov, who argued with the Patriarch, is the beacon of our culture. But Nikita Sergeevich is a director, not a novelist or philologist. I don’t understand why, for example, Vladimir Lichutin, the real creator of today's and tomorrow’s Russian language, to whom even enemies take off their hats, did not get into this ensemble. And I, a sinner, probably have nothing to do with literature, I do not know how to express my thoughts, I have not written a single novel. We, Russian writers, who have fought for Russian literature for three decades, are disappointed that the Church today has joined this movement, and the veterans of the battles who have managed to defend our values ​​suddenly find themselves on the sidelines of the Society.

The first Congress of the Society of Russian Literature opened on May 25, on the Day of the Philologist, at the Moscow State University named after M.V. M.V. Lomonosov. Prominent scientists, members of Russian Academy Sciences and the Russian Academy of Education, politicians, teachers of leading Russian universities, school teachers from the regions of Russia, writers and cultural figures, representatives of the parent community, public organizations, students and clergy.

On May 26, in the Column Hall of the House of Unions, the plenary session of the Congress was chaired by His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, together with the President of RAO, President of MAPRYAL and ROPRYAL L.A. Verbitskaya.

The meeting was attended by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin. Speaking about the Russian language and literature, the President stressed that “we are talking about preserving - no more, no less - national identity, about being and remaining a people with their own character, with their traditions, with their originality, not to lose historical continuity and the connection of generations. For Russians, it means being and staying Russian. "

The congress was attended by a representative delegation from the Moscow State Pedagogical University: vice-rector, director of the Institute of Philology and foreign languages L.A. Trubin, head. Department of the Russian language N.A. Nikolina, head. Department of Literature Teaching Methodology V.F. Damn, head. Department of General and Applied Linguistics O.E. Drozdova, head. Department of pre-university teaching of RFL E.A. Khamraev, professor A.D. Deikina, S.A. Zinin, E.G. Chernyshova, K.P. Smolina, E.V. Getmanskaya, V.N. Bazylev, associate professors E.L. Erokhina, L.Yu. Komissarov,M.V. Sarapas, L.G. Latfullina, N.A. Popov.

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On May 25-26, Moscow hosted the First Congress of the Society of Russian Literature (ORS), a recently created public organization headed by Patriarch Kirill. On the first day of the congress, the work was organized in sections, while the plenary session was held in the Column Hall of the House of Unions on the second day.

First Congress of the Society of Russian Literature: Awaiting Resolution

OPC refers to the kind of public organizations that are born from above, and from the very “top”: the patriarch asked personally to head the Society Vladimir Putin, he also made a greeting at the congress itself. In the Column Hall, in addition to the participants and delegates of the congress, there were ministers, presidential aides, deputies of the Duma and the Federation Council ( for the most part who left after the departure of the president). Such an organizational resource makes the powers of this public organization very broad. This is both the strength and the weakness of the Society - the suddenly acquired power tempts, you need to be ready for it. It will be clear in the near future how the OPC, whose presidium numbers more than 70 people, will dispose of this power.

Patriarch Kirill- the face of the new organization. It was his speech that opened the plenary session - and it was it that became the most balanced, vivid and accurate speech of the congress. His Holiness spoke about how he sees the state of affairs with the teaching of literature and the Russian language in schools and universities. He spoke simply and figuratively, he managed to formulate the most ordinary things in such a way that they were filled with weighty meaning. According to the patriarch, when talking about literature at school, there is not only an exchange of information, it is important knowledge that goes from heart to heart, knowledge that is refracted through a person. Therefore, the figure of the mentor is key here. It is the teacher who succeeds (or fails) to instill a love for reading books - and this formation of love and interest in literature should become his main task. Numerous bureaucratic things hinder him - but a talented teacher, even over these barriers, can send a powerful emotional signal to the student.

The patriarch urged not to be afraid of variability in literary education... The main issue is to choose between the best and the best, not the best and the mediocre. Therefore, on the agenda is the definition of the "golden canon" (within which, however, its own variability is possible) and finding a reasonable balance between the basic, mandatory and variable parts of the program. The main thing, as the patriarch said, is to have good head and a kind heart - then the choice will be correct.

Recognizing congestion school curriculum, the patriarch suggested not to rush to abandon the classics. It is timeless. An orientation only towards the modern, understandable, included in the current context is dangerous, because the context will subside, it will be forgotten, it will turn out to be momentary - "but Pushkin will remain forever." At the same time, the patriarch urged not to freeze at one point and not be afraid of change. He told how, during a concert on Red Square, he got into a conversation with an unfamiliar girl who was sitting next to him. She studies in the fifth grade - and completely amazed the patriarch with the depth of knowledge and freedom of judgment. "We were not like that, at her age I was not like the patriarch, I would be afraid to talk to the headmaster." The children are different, the time is different - and the school should be different. But all changes must be thought out very well. Speaking about the reforms, the patriarch dwelled on the USE: while supporting the idea of ​​a single exam in principle, he nevertheless spoke out sharply against test measurements of knowledge and called for the introduction of an oral component into the USE.

Speaking about the pain points of the current humanitarian education, the patriarch emphasized that the OPC intends to deal with just them. And in order to solve urgent problems, the consolidation of different forces is necessary.

Other speakers spoke about this consolidation, about what has been done recently in the field of the Russian language and literature: the president of RAO L. Verbitskaya, State Duma chairman S. Naryshkin, Minister of education D.Livanov... Then the congress was briefly visited by V. Putin, who welcomed the creation of the Society.

Then they turned to the reports of the leaders of the working sections of the congress. And then it became clear that there was still a long way to go before real consolidation. And the moments of consolidated applause during the speech of manipulative populist experts or indignant stamping with their feet - well, where at the congress without them? - rather cause sadness, recalling other congresses of other times ...

The recommendations of the sections, which should be included in the final resolution of the congress, often contradicted each other, which corresponds to the picture of the real state of the professional community of the humanities. Some proposed to ban the concept of teaching Russian language and literature adopted by the government, others to start work on a set of measures to implement it. Some demanded rework sample programs and making them uniform and obligatory, others said that this was impossible and unnecessary. The section of culture and art asked to make the exam in literature compulsory, the section of parents asked to return everything as it was in Soviet school, for example, increasing the share of "normative solemn, pathetic speech" in the environment of a child ... There were calls to introduce exams in the Russian language for journalists and television and radio workers and to fire them for mistakes (in parentheses, we will say that Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was named Andreevich, and the representative of Moscow State University in her speech called him Aleksandrovich - and, it seems, no one has lost their posts ...) And - and so on. There are a lot of proposals, it was by no means possible to create a resolution of the congress on the spot, so it was decided to collect, summarize and place all the materials on the OPC website.

It is not known what form the final resolution will take as a result. The congress took place, and it is gratifying that the problems of literature were discussed these days at the most high level... But the main problem is that we have many committees, councils and societies dealing with the Russian language and literature. And there are many conversations. Will the SDO become a real force capable of not only discussing but also solving problems? And won't it be a source of new problems? How will the life of such a large organization be arranged and how will it establish ties with state structures and society? Will they trust him? There are many questions, and we will receive the first answers to them when we see the resolution and compare with what was said and proposed at the congress.

Sergei Volkov

OLRS emerged in 1811 at the turn of Russian literature towards a new direction, towards new forms in a changing general cultural process... It saw its purpose in creating "sound" literature. For this, it began to study the heritage of Russian literature from Lomonosov, since it believed that modern Russian culture began with him. It dealt with the problems of the Russian language, collected materials for various dictionaries.
In the dispute about the Russian language, which at that time played a large role in the development of culture, the Society did not support either A.S. Shishkov or N.M. Karamzin, as it saw the truth somewhere in the middle. From the first years of its existence to the last, it never harshly criticized the work of this or that writer. It recognized the talent of its contemporaries, but left the final assessment for later, choosing as its members opponents of Shishkov and Karamzin, classicists and romantics. Society was reproached more than once for not appreciating Pushkin's work at its true worth during his lifetime, that "it did not keep up with the rapid pace of Russian literature." But it did not strive for this either. Only several decades later, after the unveiling of a monument to Pushkin in Moscow in 1880, the Society began a campaign to canonize Pushkin. One of the founders of the Society, its main ideologist A.F. Merzlyakov wept over the works of Pushkin, felt how wonderful it was, but he could not give them a sober assessment, bring them under the rules known to him ...
In 1836, when the Society was 25 years old, its life came to a standstill, although it would seem that everything should have been the other way around. Russian literature at this time already had Batyushkov, Zhukovsky, almost all of Pushkin, Gogol, ending with "The Inspector General." And at the meetings, the supplements of the psalms, the innocent poetic exercises of the members, were still read. The society made attempts to revive its activity, which began to decline after the Decembrist uprising. NI Nadezhdin even drew up a plan according to which, again, it was necessary to start everything with MV Lomonosov, but the publication by Nadezhdin of PY Chaadaev's “Philosophical Letter” in 1837 stopped these attempts. The Society did not enjoy the support of the university administration either. AE Gruzinsky, assessing the activities of the Society for the first period in 1911, said: “The largest literary novelties read in 25 years were excerpts from Gnedich's Iliad, a number of Krylov's fables, scenes from Yuri Miloslavsky Zagoskin. Among the authors among the huge number of Shatrovs, Salarevs, Smirnovs, Filippovs, Kokoshkin, Merzlyakov and V.L. Pushkin seem to be large, and three lyceum poems of Pushkin-nephew, read by uncle Vasily Lvovich, two or three things, shine on the meeting programs as very great stray guests. Zhukovsky from less significant, and early translations from Horace by F.I. Tyutchev 1816-1819. ... For 25 years it has not moved a single step forward. The whole flowering of our fiction... Chained for 25 years to cherished dream publish Lomonosov's odes, it did not notice either Pushkin or Gogol. You can be sure that Lomonosov himself would not approve of this ”. But the significance of the Society during this period was different. It began a systematic study of Russian literature, its language, it created the environment, the soil on which the talents grew. Pupils of the boarding house, university students were involved in the work of the Society, were hired there by employees. Among them was a pupil of the University noble boarding school F.I. Tyutchev and a student A.I. Polezhaev.
In the second period of its activity (1858-1877), both in the previous and in the subsequent ones, the Society saw its main purpose in the study of the past. It again dreamed of publishing Lomonosov's works, but due to the lack of funds, its dream never came true. At this time, the Society was headed by Slavophiles or persons close to them in their views, which left its mark on its activities. Literary movement, which unfolded in the 60s of the nineteenth century in St. Petersburg, was not reflected in the activities of the Society. It deliberately moved away from him. As a result, both in the first period and in the second, the Society was unable to create anything significant in criticism, which it wanted to see "sound and harmless." The society took upon itself such an important task in the Slavophil trend as the study of the people, namely, its folklore, its language. This resulted in the publication of ten editions of songs collected by P.V. Kireevsky, V.I.Dal's dictionary. With the help of the Society, several more folklore collections were published at this time. Society is not locked in one Slavophil direction. All famous writers were admitted to its membership: A.N. Ostrovsky, A.N. Maikov, F.I. Tyutchev, L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev, A.A. Fet, Ya.P. Polonsky , M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, A. K. Tolstoy, I. A. Goncharov, F. M. Dostoevsky. Society welcomed A.F. Pisemsky, expelled from St. Petersburg. Society kept its literary traditions, fostering respect for them in numerous visitors to their public meetings. The Society began its second period with the struggle for freedom of speech, for the sake of which it arose. In order to speak freely, without being censored, it even refused to publish its works, which, according to the new censorship charter, were to be censored.
A milestone in the life of the Society was the dispute about literature in 1858 between L.N. Tolstoy and the chairman of the Society A.S. Khomyakov about the meaning artistic element in literature. In 1911, Tolstoy's speech was not yet found, and the literary critic A.E. Gruzinsky regrets this in his review of the OLRS. Then, in the 1920s, while working on the collected works of Leo Tolstoy, A.E. Gruzinsky will find it in the archive and carefully rewrite it. The second period, according to Gruzinsky, was closer to contemporary literature: “Moscow for the first time heard in these sessions a number of poems by K. Aksakov ... Fet, Pleshcheev, Maikov, A. Tolstoy, new things by Ostrovsky, scenes from all new novels and dramas by Pisemsky, starting with“ The Shaken Sea ”, from several works by L .Tolstoy "2. Gruzinsky also noted the "brilliant" reviews of the literature of Khomyakov, MN Longinov, Kotlyarevsky, Buslaev. But even during this period of its activity, the Society was not on foreground literary struggle. It seemed to be observing the contemporary literary process from the outside, while it itself was directed into the past, into the study of archives, into their collection, into the study of folklore. At the meetings of the Society, they constantly spoke about the importance of collecting materials about their contemporaries, about their importance for the further study of Russian culture. From the first years of its existence to the last, the Society has never sharply criticized the work of this or that writer. It recognized the talent of its contemporaries, but left the final assessment for later.
The third period (1878-1910) was distinguished by a qualitatively different nature of the Society's activities. It can be titled “From the monument to Pushkin to the monument to Gogol”. The unveiling of the monument to Pushkin in 1880 and the unveiling of the monument to Gogol in 1909 are two peaks in the life of the Society. In 1880 the Society held great job after summoning all the writers of Russia for the holiday, invited guests from abroad. The holiday was a success. Speeches famous writers, especially Dostoevsky and Turgenev, the feeling of freedom inspired the holiday, made them talk about it, remember it forever. Much was done here for the first time. For the first time they started talking about the unity of writers. This was practically their first congress. Here the canonization of Pushkin began. For many who first spoke about Pushkin, this topic has become a constant. An exhibition dedicated to the poet, organized by the Society for the first time, spawned many other exhibitions, which contributed to the preservation a large number memorial things, archives. The publication of albums and catalogs of these exhibitions consolidated the materials collected for the first time and often completely unknown before. At this holiday, Pushkin was placed first in the row of Russian writers. And immediately a number of great Russian writers began to line up, who needed to erect a monument, who needed to be canonized. The first was named the name of Gogol. At the Pushkin holiday, it was decided to raise funds for a monument to Gogol. And the Society took on this mission. The celebration of the opening of the monument to Gogol in 1909 by the number of invited guests, both Russian and foreign, was much larger than Pushkin's. Russian literature received international recognition... These two holidays, organized by the Society, attracted the attention of all thinking Russia, made them realize what heights Russian literature and Russian culture have reached.
In the late 19th - early 20th centuries, the Society felt confident. It lined up Lermontov, Zhukovsky, Griboyedov and many others in a row with Pushkin and Gogol. In addition to scientific meetings, it began to organize paid literary and musical evenings, and attracted artists to its work. The growing revolutionary events influenced the choice of the problems studied by the Society. The study of the role of literature in the liberation movement was brought to the fore. Society moved away from the Slavophil direction, although the study of folklore continued, however, not on the same scale as in the 60s and 70s.
In the 1890s, it became finally clear that Belinsky entered the consciousness of most of educated Russia. OLRS put him in the first place in criticism, marking in 1898 the 50th anniversary of his death. Society regretted that these celebrations did not become all-Russian due to the government's refusal to support them. Society was unable to isolate itself from revolutionary events. It supported student unrest, protested against the arrest of writers. Its chairman was summoned to the police about the speeches of some of its members, it had to notify the police about the programs of its meetings, gendarmes were sent to its meetings. The society was not allowed to hold some public meetings, and it was forced to make them closed with guests, that is, without inviting students. Nevertheless, the Society managed to get through all this drinking without much loss.
The main thing for the Society at the end of the century before last was the popularization of the great Russian writers. Its meetings were attended by all segments of the population. For the lower strata, special readings were arranged. Society worked to ensure that the name of Pushkin was known to the whole people, it was then that he would be truly popular. Three works by Pushkin were published especially for broad strata of the population - “Boris Godunov”, “Eugene Onegin”, “Poltava”. The work of writers was also popularized with the help of literary and musical evenings organized by the Society. Its members were many modern writers, whose works were repeatedly sounded at its meetings, for example, L. Tolstoy, I. A. Bunin. A.P. Chekhov was even elected as a temporary chairman.
In the fourth period of its activity (1910-1930) the Society entered the apogee of its glory. It enjoyed authority both in Russia and abroad. On its 100th anniversary, it summed up the path traveled. It is quite enough for itself. Society managed to get through the revolutionary storms. The chairman of the Society since 1921 P.N. Sakulin said that the Society saw a necessary stage in the revolution historical development countries, opening up broad prospects for scientists and literary figures, that the Society lives in a period when there is a rapid change of currents in literature, a critical revision of the main issues in science and literature, and a conscious and firm self-determination is required from the Society. Sakulin and many of the remaining members of the Society believed that the revolution opened the way for the realization of those ideals that have long been cherished by Russian literature, "freedom-loving and people-loving Russian literature."
Near the OLRS, which united many prominent writers and scientists, and was the center literary life, numerous literary organizations are mushrooming. The company kept in touch with many of them. Its members were often their members. In the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary period, in the confusion of styles and trends that reigned, the Society found its way. It did not abandon the legacy of the past and was in no hurry to stigmatize trends that for some reason did not like it, did not suit. It listened to many, while trying to adhere to the historical and cultural school. In variety literary movements it saw the richness of literature. A society wise with experience, condescendingly looked at the statements of the young to "throw" old literature from the steamer of our time. Centenary Society coincided with the time of the first speeches of Mayakovsky. The society felt confident, it was in the midst of modern events, its interest in the past did not contradict the modern course literary process... But the Society, willy-nilly, fell into the “old stuff” that Mayakovsky was crushing. He was convinced that new forms and new content in art were needed for a new life. But the war did not work out. The chairman of the Society P.N. Sakulin, there were cases, spoke on the side of Mayakovsky, defended him. The arrival of Mayakovsky in June 1924 at a meeting of the Society, at which he greeted Viach. Ivanov, made the meeting more dynamic, the members of the Society listened to Mayakovsky's poems, as a result everyone was satisfied with each other.
The period from 1910 to 1930 was full of revolutionary events. This is the time when a radical change took place in Russia in life itself, in the consciousness of the people. Russian culture, literature, philological science are characterized by an extraordinary rise and fall by the 30s, at the time of the cessation of the Society's activities. By 1930, practically everything that did not correspond to the depiction of historical reality in revolutionary development, the idea of ​​art serving the working class, helping it build socialism, and then communism, was practically expelled from art, from literature. On this path, neither "sympathizers" or "reformers" were needed, everything that did not meet the Bolshevik demands. Neither were needed ardent defender a new life, but not fitting into the framework allotted to him, Mayakovsky, nor the Society of Russian Literature Lovers adapting to new circumstances. The process of sifting literature went so quickly that a former member of the Society, N.K. Gudziy, twenty-seven years after the cessation of his activity, asked with bewilderment: great values that we can be proud of, and when it comes to academic humanities, we mostly don't say anything in its favor. How did it happen that we found ourselves so weak in one of the most important areas of our culture? Are we not compromising our national pride in this case? "
The society of lovers of Russian literature did not run ahead of literature, it slowly followed it, collecting materials, archives, systematizing, putting everything in its place. The path of the Society is one of the ways of understanding the formation of Russian literature, Russian culture, and social thought.
(R.N.Kleimenova)