Types of clothing materials. Thick fabric is the best protection from the cold

Everyone wants clothes that are attractive, fashionable and comfortable and fit their purpose: warm or protect from rain, tight-fitting or beautifully draped. These qualities largely depend on the material from which coats, dresses, suits, jackets or underwear are sewn. What types of fabrics are used to make clothes, how they differ from each other, their main characteristics and properties - this is discussed in detail in our article.

Fabric classification

The appearance, structure and quality of the materials used for tailoring determines the composition of the fibers from which they are made. According to the type of raw materials, the following groups are distinguished:

1. Natural. In turn, they are divided into fabrics of plant origin: cotton, linen - and animal: silk, wool.
2. Artificial. They are made by processing natural raw materials, most often wood pulp.
3. Synthetic. They are a product of the chemical transformation of polymers obtained from oil, coal or gas.

As a rule, the materials from which clothes are sewn do not consist of 100% of fibers belonging to one group. To obtain properties that more fully meet the needs of consumers, mixed or combined fabrics are produced.

Every year the list of materials is replenished with new names. We will try to understand this diversity, focusing on the most common fabrics from each group and considering their advantages and disadvantages.

natural materials

Thanks to the natural origin of the fibers natural fabrics are highly valued. They allow the skin to "breathe" freely, do not cause irritation and do not provoke allergic and other diseases. These fabrics are so safe that they are used to sew diapers and undershirts for newborns, clothes for expectant mothers, bed sets and underwear.

Cotton fabrics

Lightweight, soft and pleasant to the touch, cotton clothing is always in demand. This is facilitated by the advantages of the material:

• breathability;
• hygroscopicity;
• high hygienic qualities;
• strength;
• ease of care.

Despite the insignificant thickness, cotton fabrics retain heat well, which is achieved due to the hollow structure of the fibers. Products from them are inexpensive and available to any category of buyers.

The disadvantages include increased creasing, lack of elasticity and low wear resistance. In addition, fabrics are afraid of excessive dampness, in which mold forms on them, and the fibers become thinner and overheat.

Types of cotton fabrics

To improve the properties of cotton materials, artificial or synthetic fibers are added to them. Some canvases undergo a mercerization procedure - pre-treatment with a solution of caustic soda, due to which they gain strength and become resistant to premature wear.

The most famous cotton fabrics are the following:

It's important to know! Clothes made of cotton materials are not too whimsical to care for. It can be washed in the machine, wrung out and twisted, ironed with a hot iron. However, if the fabric contains synthetic or artificial fibers, then before putting the product in the machine, you should carefully read the description on the label.

linen fabrics

Compared to cotton, linen fabrics, which are used for tailoring, look more dense and sometimes coarse. They also have all positive characteristics inherent in natural materials, namely:

• good breathability;
• high thermal conductivity;
• wear resistance;
• hygroscopicity;
• strength.

Interesting fact! Flax fibers have been proven to have antiseptic properties. They destroy pathogenic microorganisms and are not subject to decay. Not without reason from ancient times on open wounds linen bandages were always applied.

Unfortunately, during the operation of products made from linen fabrics, problems arise: clothes wrinkle, and when wet, it shrinks significantly. In addition, because of shedding, it is difficult to cut and sew. To reduce negative characteristics, a small amount of polyester is added to pure linen.

Linen materials are classified according to the method of weaving:

• linen. With it, most fabrics for dresses or suits are formed;
• leno. The result is openwork materials for skirts or summer sundresses;
• jacquard. A large-patterned fabric made on special machines with convex patterns or ornaments for sewing elegant clothes;
• translucent. The fabric turns out to be very thin and is used to make individual elements of products - capes, sleeves or inserts.

Things made of pure linen can not only be washed at high temperatures, but even boiled. It is best to dry them in a straightened state on a horizontal plane. To completely get rid of wrinkles and creases, ironing is combined with steaming.

Woolen fabrics

The raw materials for the production of these materials are the wool and down of various animals: rabbits, sheep, llamas, camels and others. They have high heat-saving properties and are quite expensive. Nevertheless, it is precisely these fabrics that hold the primacy among all the materials intended for warm clothes because they have truly unique properties:

• hypoallergenicity;
• small creasing;
• aeration;
• moisture absorption;
• durability.

The only thing missing from pure wool is elasticity. This problem is solved by introducing 5-10% elastane into the raw material, due to which sweaters, sweaters or skirts acquire better fit and elasticity.

Assortment of woolen fabrics

In addition to pure wool, semi-woolen fabrics are also used for tailoring, in which from 25 to 80% is occupied by cotton, silk or synthetic fibers. Depending on the composition, the properties of these canvases also differ.

Interesting to know! In order to understand whether a fabric is 100% wool or has impurities, there is a simple method. You need to pull the thread out of the fabric and set it on fire. Pure wool fiber will burn for a long time with a characteristic smell of burnt hair and will leave behind a ball that can be easily rubbed with your fingers.

silk fabrics

Natural silk fabrics look so attractive and sophisticated that they are suitable for clothes that are worn at various festive events. In ancient times, only the wealthiest and titled persons could afford to wear silk things. And now the fabric of silkworm cocoons is not a cheap pleasure.

Nevertheless, the high price does not deter those who value not only the beauty of the material, but also its quality. And natural silk has enough positive properties:

• high hygroscopicity;
• breathability;
• thermoregulation;
• wear resistance;
• durability.

Important fact! Silk fabrics have a unique hygiene. They literally repel all microorganisms and bacteria and are endowed with the ability to heal small wounds or abrasions on human skin.

Like all beauties, silk is considered a very capricious material. It cannot stand the bright sun, and when wet it forms unattractive stains on the surface. Very whimsical fabric and care. Wash products best by hand and dry away from heating appliances. You need to iron silk things with an iron, setting the regulator to the most gentle mode.

Variety of silk fabrics

Since clothes made from natural silk are not affordable for everyone, many manufacturers are trying to reduce the cost of products and add synthetic or artificial fibers. Such canvases are also beautiful, but they can no longer boast of the uniqueness of their properties. They do not have a characteristic iridescent sheen, flow less and drape poorly.

When buying, you should pay attention to the label, since the following types belong to 100% silk fabrics:

From all types of silk fabrics, with the exception of brocade, beautiful lingerie is sewn. It is decorated with embroidery, guipure or lace inserts. Despite the fact that such things have a significant cost, they are always in high demand.

Interesting fact! Few people know that there is another type of natural fabrics - hemp. Made from natural pure raw materials, hemp clothing is considered the most hypoallergenic and safest. In addition, it is characterized by increased strength, durability and does not “float” the body. Doctors say that wearing hemp underwear helps to remove toxins from the body and speeds up metabolic processes.

artificial fabrics

As mentioned above, materials that are chemically obtained from natural components are considered artificial. Due to this origin, they are environmentally friendly and do not pose a danger to human health. Their characteristics speak for themselves:

• strength;
• ease;
• fast drying;
• unpretentiousness in care;
• wide range of colors;
• wear resistance.

It is noteworthy that for the production of these materials, not expensive raw materials are used, as is the case with natural linens, but waste from the woodworking industry, that is, ordinary cellulose. Very often, artificial fibers are added to many cotton or wool fabrics to give them greater strength and durability.

The main types of artificial fabrics

Clothing made of artificial materials is always in demand among buyers. After all, these canvases are attractive in appearance and are quite inexpensive. The list of the most common includes:

Interesting to know! In addition to the production of clothing, artificial materials are also used as a filler for bedding. For example, bamboo pillows and blankets are considered the most environmentally friendly and hygienic, they are able to repeat the anatomical contours of a person and thus create ideal conditions for relaxation and good rest.

Synthetic fabrics

The beginning of the era of synthetic materials is considered to be 1938, when the specialists of the DuPont chemical concern obtained the first polyamide fibers- "progenitors" of the famous capron and nylon. Technological progress does not stand still, and the number of synthetic canvases currently known far exceeds the number of natural and artificial ones.

The properties of these materials depend on the feedstock, but they all have such undoubted advantages:

• high strength;
• abrasion resistance;
• low degree of wear;
• durability;
• ease of maintenance.

Of course, synthetics cannot match cotton, silk, or wool in terms of aeration, hygroscopicity, or safety. But it has elasticity, extensibility and is not affected by mold and bacteria.

Important to remember! Clothing made of synthetic materials is not recommended to be worn in the summer heat, as it is poorly breathable and can create a greenhouse effect. In addition, some tissues accumulate static electricity and spark, which, according to doctors, makes people tired and irritable.

Range of synthetic materials

The low cost of manufacturing brings synthetic fabrics to the top of sales. From a large number"Chemical" fabrics, let's pay attention to the most popular:

Today, every chemical concern considers it a matter of honor to develop a new synthetic material that would be in demand not only in the textile industry, but also in other industries. At the same time, it is important that the synthesized fibers not only have pre-programmed properties, but also be as environmentally friendly and safe as possible for humans.

Knitted fabrics

Classification of materials used for sewing various items clothes, would be incomplete without knitted fabrics. They are knitted on special machines from fibers of various origins: both natural and artificial or synthetic.

Despite the variety of forms, knitted fabrics have General characteristics. The advantages of knitted materials include:

• pleasant tactile sensations;
• elasticity;
• hygiene;
• a wide range of applications;
• practicality;
• ease of care;
• durability.

However, when using low-quality or cheap raw materials, knitted products can quickly lose their shape - stretch or sit down. In addition, the ability to tightly fit the figure is not always welcomed by the owners of magnificent forms. Nevertheless, knitwear is in the wardrobe of every person.

Variety of knitwear

Most often, mixed raw materials are used in the production of knitted fabrics. The combination of cotton or wool threads with polyester and lycra makes the material durable and wrinkle-resistant, without reducing air exchange and hygroscopicity. The most famous knitted fabrics are the following:

• diving. This variety is specially designed for sportswear. Due to its special fit and elasticity, the material is often called the "second skin". In addition to swimsuits, leggings, leggings, slimming underwear and gymnastic diving suits, even ball and evening dresses are sewn from diving;
• interlock. Natural dense knitted fabric, from which sliders, blouses, undershirts and caps for newborns are made. The material has a double-sided structure resembling an elastic band. Interlock is also cozy and beautiful tracksuits, T-shirts, pajamas, nightgowns and bathrobes;
• cashcase. Stretch fabric made of 100% brushed cotton can be plain dyed or melange. It is used for sewing children's things;
• cooler. The most common knitwear for the production of underwear and summer clothes. The fabric stretches very well in length and does not stretch in width. Remarkably conducts air and absorbs moisture. Available both plain dyed and equipped with various drawings or prints;
• mahr. Knitted fabric with loop pile located on one or both sides. A characteristic feature is increased hygroscopicity, so the fabric is used for sewing bathrobes and other bathing accessories;
• ribana. Due to the special "rubber" knitting, the fabric is well stretched in width and holds its shape perfectly. Sweaters, turtlenecks, tracksuits and hats are made from it;
• fleece. Soft and cozy jersey fabric with pile, reminiscent of sheared sheep wool. Consists of 100% polyester. It retains heat well, is pleasant to the touch and does not require special care. Warm tracksuits, jackets, shirts, children's overalls, pajamas, women's clothing for the home are sewn from fleece;
• footer This is a thick cotton jersey with a brushed back. Very warm, soft and gentle. The main application is clothes for the smallest, a variety of sweaters, sweaters, bathrobes and dresses.

It's important to know! To knitwear served as long as possible, they need to be properly looked after. It is better to wash them with the use of liquid detergents, do not twist them, but wring them out slightly and dry them in a horizontal position. Knitted items are not recommended to be hung on hangers to avoid stretching. For storage, it is advisable to use special bags in which you should put the moth remedy.

The quality, beauty and comfort of clothing largely depend on the material from which it is sewn. A variety of types of fabrics produced by the modern textile industry allow you to choose the one that will fully correspond to the purpose of the thing.

Dense fabrics are irreplaceable in cold autumn and winter days. They save from cold and wind, giving peace, warmth, coziness and comfort. A variety of modern dense materials allows them to be used not only for tailoring, but also in many other areas of human life.

What you need to know about density

In order to choose the right fabric for sewing a particular product, you need to look not only at its appearance, but also carefully read all the properties.

One of important features material is the density - the weight of one square meter expressed in grams. The greater the number of threads per unit area, the denser the material will be. The thickness of the thread also matters - the smaller it is, the lighter the fabric.

Other parameters directly depend on the density of the material - hygroscopicity, breathability, wear resistance.

The highest density - from 300 to 1000 g / m2 - is in artificial and natural leather, as well as in upholstery, curtain and technical fabrics. Fabrics for coats, jackets and suits have a density of 200 to 400 g/m2. For comparison: the density of cambric or chiffon is from 50 to 70 g / m2.

Composition

Dense fabrics are made both from completely natural raw materials: linen, cotton, wool, and with the addition of artificial or synthetic fibers endowing the material with new properties.

Dense cotton in the vast majority of cases is used for the production of home textiles:

• duvet covers, sheets and pillowcases;
• towels
• bedspreads and tablecloths;
• curtains and curtains.

For the manufacture of winter clothes cotton material is not used, because it does not have sufficient heat-saving qualities. Fabrics made from 100% linen are quite dense in nature, and when synthetic fibers are added to them, they are successfully used for upholstery and decoration of upholstered furniture. Pillows, tablecloths, curtains are sewn from linen dense fabric.

Them natural fibers manufacture dense fabrics for special purposes. These include:

1. A tarpaulin is an extremely durable high-density canvas that undergoes special impregnation with water-repellent and fire-resistant materials. Tents, awnings, backpacks, mittens, overalls for the military or firefighters are made from it.
2. - a dense coarse fabric obtained from jute or hemp fibers. The main application is the packaging of various goods, overalls. IN last years it has become very fashionable to make various decorative interior items from burlap - panels, folk dolls, amulets, etc.
3. Canvas is a dense linen fabric with a rigid structure, which no artist can do without when working with oil paints.

In addition, there are a large number of dense fabrics used for making clothes or for domestic purposes.

Diversity

Among all high-density fabrics, the following are most popular:

1. - Bias ribbed fabric, perfect for coats, jackets and suits.
2. – material with a satin weave, resistant to friction and wear. Mainly used for making work clothes.
3. – cotton fabric All jeans are made from it.
4. Creton is a material used for upholstery of sofas, armchairs and other upholstered furniture.
5. - a very beautiful fabric with rich patterns, suitable for both elegant dresses as well as interior decoration.
6. Coarse calico is a cotton fabric from which sheets, duvet covers, diapers, and work clothes are made.

We will consider the properties inherent in materials with increased density using the example of velveteen, bikes and diving.

Velvet - the dream of fashionistas of the 80s

Velveteen is a dense fabric with a pile divided by longitudinal stripes, "ribbed". Traditionally, this material was made only from cotton fibers, but in Lately the addition of viscose or polyester threads made velveteen more durable and wear-resistant.

royal cloth

This is how the word "velveteen" is literally translated from French. Indeed, since the Middle Ages, when for the first time weavers learned how to get a "pile" fabric and fluff it in a certain way, velveteen was considered a product for the elite.

Velvet was upholstered in furniture in palaces, curtains were sewn from it, carriages were decorated. The fabric production technology was so secret that it was almost lost in the mists of time.

IN late XIX century, velveteen reached Russia, where it was immediately adopted as an interior material. And only in the second half of the 20th century did corduroy become the basis for tailoring.

It is difficult to imagine the youth of the 80s of the last century without fashionable corduroy trousers or jackets. Currently, many different products are made from velveteen:

• coats, suits, skirts, trousers;
• overalls for children and adults;
• products for the interior - bedspreads, curtains, curtains, sofa cushions;
• upholstery for furniture - armchairs, sofas, chairs, poufs;
• car covers;
• children's and home shoes.

Advantages and disadvantages of velveteen

The play of light in the villi of the ribs gives the velveteen a noble glow, due to which the fabric looks unusual and creative.

The positive aspects of velveteen also include:

• wear resistance - the material retains its excellent appearance for a long time;
• crease resistance, resistance to deformation;
• softness and velvety - despite the density, the fabric is pleasant to the touch;
• heat saving. Velvet clothing retains heat for a long time, not letting the cold into the body.

But even such a wonderful fabric has drawbacks:

• velveteen with synthetic additives is electrified;
• fabric attracts dust and small debris;
• material needs proper care.

How to care for velvet

In order for velveteen products not to lose their beauty for as long as possible, it is necessary to provide them with appropriate care:

1. Before washing a corduroy item, be sure to shake the dust out of it and turn it inside out.
2. Water should not be hotter than 400C, set the mode on the machine for delicate washing.
3. Large velveteen products - curtains, bedspreads, etc. - are best dry-cleaned.
4. Dry corduroy in a straightened state, avoiding direct sun rays. It is not allowed to dry velvet clothes on radiators.
5. Instead of the usual ironing for corduroy products, it is better to use the steam mode.

It's important to know! You can restore the lost appearance of corduroy products by applying the following method: soak the item for several hours in a 2.5% solution of ammonia, and then rinse in cold water and dry in a horizontal position.

Bike - a feeling of childhood

This cozy, soft, warm fabric - perfect material for undershirts, diapers, sliders and bonnets. It is made by plain or twill weave of cotton or semi-woolen fibers. The bike has a double-sided pile coating, which warms the body remarkably.

The history of the emergence of bikes

The fact that the bike, like corduroy, traces its history back to the Middle Ages is beyond doubt. Already in great demand raincoats and suits made of this material were used - they reliably sheltered from the weather and protected from the cold.

There is controversy over the name of the fabric: some believe that it comes from the French "baie" - woolen fabric, since the first samples of the material were made from wool.

Others argue that the Latin word "badius" - dark brown - perfectly explains the name of the material, because in the Middle Ages it was not painted and it had a brown tint.

The bike came to Russia along with the reforms of Peter I, who appreciated its convenience, softness and strength and ordered it to be used for tailoring. outerwear for the soldiers.

Over time, the bike has become a favorite clothing for walking, riding, hunting for both men and women.

The use of bikes

Currently, there are two types of bikes - cotton and wool. Made from cotton:

• clothing for babies and young children;
• shirts and sweatshirts for men;
• women's home dresses, bathrobes and sundresses;
• tracksuits;
• pajamas and nightgowns.

A woolen bike is used for slightly different purposes, you can make from it:

• demi-season clothes - coats, jackets, windbreakers;
• warm blankets and blankets;
• insoles for shoes;
• lining for clothes.

The baize is available both in one color and with various prints.

The undoubted advantages of bikes

This is an extremely comfortable and soft material, consisting of continuous advantages:

1. Strength. With all the seeming tenderness and softness, the bike has sufficient resistance to mechanical stress.
2. Hygiene. The fabric does not cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
3. Hygroscopicity. The bike remarkably not only absorbs, but also evaporates moisture.
4. Wear resistance. The material is so durable that many children's things, without losing their appearance, are passed down in families from generation to generation.

It happens that in order to reduce the cost of the material, viscose fibers are added to a natural bike. This worsens some indicators of the fabric, in particular, reduces its heat-saving qualities.

It's important to know! Caring for bike products is very simple. The fabric easily tolerates any washing and spinning modes. It is best to iron it from the wrong side, so as not to disturb the pile coating.

Diving - a novelty among dense fabrics

Diving deserves attention among a large number of materials - dense synthetic fabric new generation.

For its ability to fit the body, diving is often called the "second skin". This is due to the unique composition of the material - it is 60% polyamide, and the remaining 40% is divided between polyester and elastane.

What is sewn from diving

There are two types of this dense fabric:

1. Microdiving is a smooth material from which tights, leggings, tops, and skirts are sewn. Sometimes it is used to create theatrical costumes, evening dresses, clothes for special occasions.
2. Superdiving is the basis of costume fabric for swimmers, gymnasts, and athletes.

Super diving on fleece is used for sewing winter clothes for skiers and climbers.

Unique diving properties

In addition to increased density and strength, diving has a number of excellent qualities:

1. Wear resistance. The material does not shed, does not stretch, does not shrink or stretch. No matter how long a diving suit serves, it retains its original appearance.
2. Hygroscopicity. The fabric is highly moisture-wicking.
3. Breathability. Despite the complete "synthetics", the body in diving clothes "breathes".
4. Ease of care. Products are easily washed from dirt and dry quickly.
5. Wrinkle resistance. Diving clothes do not wrinkle and do not require ironing.

Need to take into account! The water temperature for washing diving items should not exceed 400C, otherwise the item may “shrink”. Do not use bleach and chlorine powders. Drying is best in the shade so that ultraviolet rays do not provoke the destruction of fabric fibers.

Fabrics with increased density are in demand in many industries. Having familiarized yourself with all their diversity and characteristics, you can easily choose the fabric for a new elegant dress or suit, as well as for updating your home interior.

Today, the market is simply overflowing with such products as fabrics. Sometimes for self-tailoring it is very difficult to choose the material that would be ideally suited. It's very important to know more specific properties and the composition of a certain matter when you purchase a finished product. Let us consider in more detail the main properties of tissues.

It is also important to know where to apply them, why they are used most often when sewing various kinds of textiles.

Main types of fabrics

• Openwork. To obtain an openwork fabric, cotton, silk or wool can be used. It has a relief ornament. Often used during the manufacture of wedding, carnival or holiday dresses. Openwork is also actively used to create decorations or accessories.
  
  
• Alpaca. This type of woolen fabric is characterized by its lightness and natural color. It is characterized by the presence of 22 natural shades and there are colored options. Alpaca has a silky sheen. This is a fabric with a sheen, or as it is called a shiny fabric.
• Angora. This type of wool is obtained from the down of angora rabbits. The production of the fabric is based on the use of non-100% angora yarn. Acrylic plays an important role in the obtained properties of matter. The reason is that the angora climbs a lot. But, despite the significant addition of acrylic, this fabric should not be washed or even wet. Cleaning should be by chemical or mechanical means. Can be used for cross stitch. In the photo - fabric for sewing pongee dresses:
• Atlas. Satin weave material based on silk or linen. The surface of matter emits shine and smoothness. Atlas is actively involved in the production of dresses and blouses and decorative elements. Its popularity is constantly growing when used during upholstery and curtains.
• Aflagen. For those who want to get a stylish and sophisticated coat, you need to use this particular material. Aflagen is a woolen fabric with stripes of different colors alternating one after another.
• Velvet. This type of fabric can be made from silk, and its front surface has a short pile. Concerning color solution, then the velvet can be made in one color or have an ornament. It is actively used as a finishing material.
  
  
• Batiste. It is actively used in the manufacture of women's blouses and underwear. The main characteristics of the fabric can be considered lightness and density. Most often it is transparent or with lace.
• Supplex. For this type of matter, the elasticity is 200–300%. It contains elastane. Actively used in the production of swimwear, leggings, sportswear. you will find detailed description supplex fabrics.
  
  
• Boston. This is a one-colored matter, which is based on pure wool from the scars located under acute angle about the longitudinal thread. The fabric is characterized by high wear resistance and uniform density. It is used for tailoring workwear.
• Velveteen. This version of cotton fabric is obtained from fine yarn. There is a pile on its surface, and the location of the pile scars occurs along the warp thread. Effective suits, coats, jackets are made from velveteen. It is also called costume fabric.
• Vichy. Checkered fabric in two colors. The main color is white. I use it when sewing shirts for men, tablecloths and other decorative elements.
• Volta. Silky fabric based on cotton yarn. Its texture is similar to cambric. Volta can be with a printed image or made in a single color. Actively used in the manufacture of products for the summer.
• Veil. It is a smooth, elastic and translucent material. Its surface can be smooth-colored or finely patterned. Used in decorating women's dresses and is also used to make curtains.
  
  
• Gabardine. A type of woolen fabric that is characterized by high elasticity. On its surface there are convex intersecting scars. Due to its high density, gabardine is used in the manufacture of outerwear. You can read about the properties of gabardine fabric.
• Gas. This common name transparent and thin silk fabrics. Used for the production of scarves, kerchiefs and finishing elements.
  
  
• Worsted. Fabric, on the surface of which there is a double-sided pattern. Receive it from low-grade cotton. The main characteristics are roughness and density. Used in the manufacture of home and work clothes.
• Guipure. Fabric, the surface of which is represented by repeating woven fragments. They can be made from silk or cotton fibers.
• Damascus. This option is a combination of silk or cotton fabric with satin. It is used to create decorative details and when sewing lingerie.
  
  
• Damask. Non-stretch fabric with a vegetal pattern. It is used when sewing corsets.
• Drap. For such a woolen mother, a characteristic high density and heaviness. Weaving is one and a half layer or two layer, and the surface is represented by felt-like covering. The most popular varieties of drape are ratin, castor, velour, smooth drape.
• Jacquard. Matter on the surface of which is present complex pattern. It is obtained by weaving on a weaving tank using a special technology. Jakarade is a large-patterned fabric. you can see the description of the jacquard with a photo.
• Interlock. Cotton-based knitted fabric with two smooth surfaces. It has excellent extensibility, and after deformation it can return to its original shape. Provides excellent breathability. Uses interlock in the manufacture of T-shirts, T-shirts and children's clothing.
• Cashmere. Such material is distinguished by its lightness. Cashmere can be semi-woolen, woolen, cotton and silk. It is an excellent option for making warm dresses and light coats.
  
  
• Kulirka. Knitted fabric based on cotton, with a minimum thickness. Its front side is represented by diagonal pigtails. It can only expand in width. The main advantages of the cooler are lightness and hygroscopicity. It is used for sewing casual wear for children.
• Lame. This version of matter is very similar to the atlas. It is obtained from silk and has bright showy threads. The wrong side of the lamé resembles crepe, and the front side has overflow and shine.
• Linen. Matter, which is based on flax fibers. It perfectly passes air, and products sewn from linen - great option for hot weather.
  
  
• Maya. The material for the production of which cotton is used. Maya is characterized by lightness, breathability, translucency and a porous surface. It has a moire effect, low density and a printed pattern. In the photo - fabric for tailoring furniture:
  
  
• Marlevka. Cotton fabric, the thickness of which is less than cambric. It has a slight squeezed effect. An excellent material for the manufacture of shirts and blouses, which are important to wear in the summer.
• ombre. Fabric based on natural or viscose silk with longitudinal lines. In some cases, ombre may have a pattern. It is used in the manufacture of ties and clothing for women, sometimes synthetic materials are added.
  
  
• Organdy. A material on the surface of which there is a finely patterned weave. The organdy is based on viscose silk. Matter is characterized by its lightness and transparency (transparent fabric). They are used as finishing elements and when sewing dresses for girls.
• Patriot. The material presented in the form gray color. During the production process, the fibers of black and white were crumpled. Involved in the tailoring of suits and shirts for men.
  
  
• Poplin. Natural matter, characterized by high density. Its front surface is covered with a small scar. The reason is that the warp threads are made of a denser material. Silk poplin is a great solution for tailoring elegant dresses. You can see reviews of poplin fabric.
• Cloth. High density matter. It is obtained during felting, as a result of which such a high density is achieved. Used in the process of tailoring various outerwear.
  
  
• Taffeta. This material should be familiar to those who showed off at some event in a beautiful ball gown. Looks good . It is for these purposes that taffeta is used. This material is thin, smooth and silky.
• Tweed. High density wool fabric. Its manufacture is based on the use of thick untwisted yarn with the addition of multi-colored fibers, dead hair or neps. Thanks to this composition, it is possible to give the fabric a decorative effect. The surface of tweed can be absolutely any. This is a great solution for those who decide to purchase a coat, suit or dress based on it.
  
  
• tulle. This is a mesh material, which is based on nylon, polyester and nylon. Used for sewing skirts and petticoats. Sometimes used to make a veil.
• Flannel. The material has a soft surface, on both sides of which there is a notch. To obtain it, cotton and wool are used. Used for making coats and suits.
  
  
• Interlining. Adhesive web, which is characterized by high rigidity, elasticity, wear resistance and strength. It contains cotton and nylon threads. They are used when laying in separate parts in order to give femininity.
  
  
• Silk. Natural matter, assuming the presence of artificial and natural fibers. For getting artificial fibers collodion dissolved in alcohol with ether is used. Natural fibers are extracted from the silkworm cocoon. Can be used for sewing parachutes.
  
  
• Wool. This type of matter can be obtained from the yarn of such animals:
  • sheeps;
  • goats;
  • a rabbit;
  • camel
  • dogs.

  To date, there are no products carved from pure wool. In the process of obtaining matter, other fibers are added to the yarn to give strength and elasticity. One variety of this material is worsted wool. It is actively used for the manufacture of billiard cloth, so that the playing surface becomes even and smooth. Often used in the manufacture of sailing material, but only in combination with other materials.

• Chiffon. A thin material based on silk and cotton fibers. Chiffon is characterized by translucency, so it is used when sewing scarves, blouses and summer dresses.
• Pongee. Matter, on the main side of which there is a spongy surface. For its formation, the threads are twisted into knots, loops. There are silk, semi-silk and cotton pongee.
  
  

The choice of material is a very responsible task, especially if its acquisition is associated with tailoring. Not only your appearance, but also comfort will depend on the option you choose. Therefore, try to carefully study the composition and properties of the matter that you want to use for sewing products.

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Fashionable, high-quality and beautiful fabric is the main key to success for creating any garment. It should be noted that fabrics are made by interweaving the threads that make up the warp and the so-called weft, which are perpendicular to each other, and the production of fabrics is carried out using looms. Various types of modern fabrics are made due to the specific features of weaving weaving and raw materials, which affects structural features, properties and appearance of the fabric. What are modern fabrics, their weaves and properties? This is what we will talk about in today's article.

Before considering fabrics, it should be noted that today fabrics can be divided into three groups: synthetic, natural and artificial. There are also spinous mineral tissues, but they are used only during construction work.

The group of natural fabrics includes products made from animal or vegetable fibers, such as hemp, linen, wool, jute and silk.

Artificial fabrics are made from various natural substances of an organic type, such as proteins, cellulose or an inorganic type of metal, glass, which include acetate, viscose, fabrics with lurex and metal threads.

Synthetic fabrics are made from polymer materials, such fabrics include hemlon, dederon, silon, polyester slotter fabrics, tesil, diolene and polyvinyl and polyamide fabrics such as cashmylon and dralon. Next, we will talk about each fabric separately and try to make a short description of it.

Denim fabric is a dense cotton fabric that can be dyed in several ways, such as indigo, "boiled" or dyed beyond any measure. It should be noted that "indigo" are natural dyes, whose name is translated from Greek as "Indian".

Suit fabrics, due to their structure, are special kind fabrics that are intended for sewing trousers, skirts, jackets, women's and men's suits. The materials used to make suits can be very diverse, which you need to keep in mind if you choose your own suit fabric. So, for example, for the production of men's suits, half-woolen or woolen ones are very often used, and for women, lighter and softer materials with a discharged structure are used.

This name of fabrics is conditional, this is due to the fact that silk fabrics include not only fabrics made from natural silk, but also from various chemical fibers, the share of which can be 98 percent of the total volume of threads.

By their specificity, satin fabrics are 100% polyester material, and for the first time such a term as satin began to be used by medieval artisans as a description for silk threads that possessed high level shine.

Crepe de chine fabrics are made from silk threads, which are produced from raw silk, which is based on crepe silk in the weft, or various fabrics of artificial origin, produced on the basis of the strongest crepe torsion. Crepe de chine has a matte finish.

Lining fabrics are used in the design of clothes with reverse side, and their main task is to protect it from pollution and wear. At the same time, during wear, these fabrics are subjected to very intense friction, so it is necessary that they meet high ergonomic requirements, be comfortable and aesthetically pleasing.

As we said earlier in this article, woolen fabrics are made from natural fibers of animal origin, these fibers can be obtained by shearing wool from living animals, such as sheep. The so-called "dead" wool is sheared from dead animals; in all respects, this wool is much worse in its properties than its "live" counterpart.

Linen fabrics are made from threads that are obtained from flax stalks. By its specificity, flax is natural material and has the highest hygienic properties, for example, it perfectly passes air and cools the skin in the hot season.

Velvet is a cotton or silk fabric with a dense, soft vertical pile, the length of which varies from 1.5 to 3 mm on the front side of the fabric. This type of fabric is usually used for sewing women's skirts, dresses, as well as decorative trim. women's clothing.

Many residents of our country mistakenly believe that cashmere is a woolen fabric, although in fact, in the manufacture of this fabric, not six, but undercoat or down, which is combed out from racing goats, is used. This name comes from the name of a mountainous Indian province, located on the very border with Pakistan, where special "insulated" mountain goats were raised.

Viscosus is Latin for sticky. Viscose fiber is produced by processing natural cellulose. It should be noted that today the most popular species rayon are fibers that are obtained from cellulose made from eucalyptus or bamboo.

Batiste fabrics are translucent cotton or linen fabrics that are made by twisting very fine yarn. Most often, cambric fabrics are made bleached. By its specificity, cambric is one of the thinnest and most translucent fabrics.

Velor fabrics have a noble and elegant look, while being a fabric with a fine pile. These fabrics are made by weaving threads forming two separate warps, connected by another thread over the entire surface of the warp.

Satin fabrics have a shiny surface of woolen, silk and cotton threads, which are connected by the so-called satin weave. Silk satin is a very beautiful and aesthetically pleasing material from which elegant and Wedding Dresses. Woolen sateen is applied to production of outerwear. Cotton satin is used to make work and home clothes.

Cloth is a dense woolen fabric with a moderately shiny surface, which is obtained by interweaving the so-called cardan yarn of medium thickness and thick yarn. During production, this fabric is tufted, pressed and sheared.

Knitwear is a fabric that is knitted on a loom in such a way that the threads are connected to each other by weaving specially made loops. Thanks to these methods of joining threads, knitted fabrics have a number of special properties, for example, they are very plastic and soft.

Denim in its structure is a denim fabric made on the basis of a twill or plain weave, and is characterized by a high level of strength and density. This fabric is named after the city of Nimes, where it was first produced. At first it was made for tailoring clothes for gold miners, now for the production of everyday clothes.

Drap fabrics are soft woolen fabrics with a smooth surface, on which, thanks to the roller, a felt-like covering is created, covering the weaving. Drape fabrics can be either one or two-faced, two-color or one-color, smooth and fleecy. They are used for sewing women's and men's coats.

Lycra fabrics are high-quality dense fabrics made from synthetic fibers. In European countries, lycra is known to consumers under the name elastane, and in Canada and the United States of America as spandex. In our country, lycra is familiar to buyers as a supplex.

Mohair is a woolen fabric made from the wool of angora goats. It should be noted that due to the special structure of goat hair, other fabrics are added to mohair yarn, such as acrylic fibers or sheep's wool. The content of mohair six in this fabric today cannot be more than 83 percent.

Organza is a very hard to the touch transparent fabric that is made from natural silk or various chemical fibers. In our country, it is most often used in the production of curtains, suits and even small gift bags.

Tweed fabrics are firmly associated by most of the inhabitants of our country with London gentlemen and most English queen. In its structure, tweed is a heavy woolen fabric with a soft, pleasant pile, usually twill (diagonal) weave.

These products include fabrics made from artificial fibers of cellulose or protein origin, such as triacetate, acetate, polynose or copper-ammonia. In other words, natural fibers and components are used to create such fabrics.

This type of fabric is made from cotton yarn, their main characteristics are a significant variety of structures, finishes, properties and external design, while cotton fabrics have high wear resistance, high hygienic properties, and a low price bar.

Openwork fabrics are made of woolen, cotton or silk fabric and have a so-called through ornament. It should be said that openwork fabrics were very popular in the first half of the last century and were the main attribute of luxurious festive or evening dresses.

Alpaca is a thin, very light, soft fabric that is made by twill or linen weaving of six llamas or the animal of the same name, which is bred by the inhabitants of Bolivia and Peru. It should be noted that Alpaca is a very valuable type of wool, which today is considered elite.

This fabric is made from the wool of Angora goats and rabbits, which are bred for this purpose on farms in countries such as Italy, England, Japan, France. Angora is used in knitwear. The fabric is very delicate and soft to the touch, perfect for wearing in the cold season.

Acetate silk is a fabric made from specially created man-made fibers, which were obtained back in 1925 by American chemists at Celanese Corp of America. Since then, the fabric has been pleasing fashionistas with bright colors and an interesting structure.

Silk fabrics that have a smooth carded pattern with silver or gold threads, better known as lurex. Today, consumers know brokat, made from synthetic fibers, which is used in the tailoring of dresses and blouses, as well as outer jackets for the strong half of humanity.

Boston is a plain dyed fabric made using a twill weave of high quality wool and has a very high wear resistance and durability. This fabric is used for sewing both men's and women's suits or strict and elegant outfits.

Boucle is a very thick plain weave fabric made from fancy yarns with large knots, due to which specific bumps appear on the surface of this fabric. Brookle, as a rule, is used when sewing coats and women's elegant formal suits.

Dense linen or cotton fabric with plain weave, produced from the so-called cardan yarn. It should be noted that this type of yarn is used for the manufacture of high-quality bed linen.

Cotton fabrics having a cut pile, and the pile strip, as a rule, is three to five millimeters wide. It can be made both plain-dyed and with various printed patterns. It is used both for the manufacture of clothing and for upholstery of furniture.

Velvet Cord is a cotton fabric made from carded twisted yarn in the warp and single thread in the weft. To date, several different articles of this fabric are produced, which are used when sewing trousers.

Corduroy Rib is a type of fabric that is made from non-uniform, combed, synthetic or cotton yarns. This yarn is single strand in the weft and twisted at the warp. It appeared in the Middle Ages, in those days this fabric was used for the manufacture of curtains.

A veil is a very rarely woven and almost transparent material; in appearance, this fabric resembles thick gauze and has a plain weave. The veil inherited its name from the large bedspreads with which the woman's body and face were covered.

Gabardine is a wool blend or pure wool fabric made using a twill weave. On the surface of this matter there are brightly engraved scars. The fabrics are characterized by high wear resistance and water resistance, which are achieved due to high uniformity and density.

Gas fabrics

Transparent and almost weightless cotton or silk fabrics in which the warp and weft threads retain space. Depending on the methods and features of production, gauze fabrics can be produced in the form of satin, linen or twill fabrics.

By its specificity, garus is a stuffing fabric, which is made from low-grade cotton and has a pattern printed on both sides. The average width of this fabric is from 58 to 61 cm. According to historians, the first mention of such a fabric was found in the Tikhvin Monastery.

Guipure is a lace fabric made from silk or cotton threads, which consist of separate fragments sewn with a needle or created using bobbins, sewn to each other. To date, guipure fabrics are produced using machines.

This is a group of fabrics that are obtained by treating part of the fibers of the fabric with special liquids, with the help of which chemical etching is carried out, leading to the appearance of specific patterns on the fabric. The fibers are treated with special gels, which include sodium bisulphate or aluminum sulfate.

A double or single knit fabric, machine knitted, with a high level of stretch and a smooth surface. Jersey is also made from very coarse wool or cotton and from various man-made fibres.

Semi-transparent thin fabrics made from silk threads by twisting the warp and plain weave in the weft. Distinctive features of this fabric - the level of rigidity, elasticity and flowability of the edges. It is used in the production of blouses, dresses and for finishing work.

Double-sided fabrics made from artificial threads silk, and, as a rule, one side of the fabric is satin, and the other has a matte-crepe effect. It should be noted that the specificity of this fabric is such that both sides can be used as front sides in the manufacture of clothing.

A fabric made from threads of natural crepe silk in the base and weave of the fabric in the weft. Crepe-Chiffon has a matte surface, which can be said about all the fabrics of this group, is used for the manufacture of clothing and furniture upholstery.

This fabric is in European countries from East India, according to its specifics, organdy is a very thin, matte, transparent, light, hard cotton fabric with weaves of small silk patterns. In the case of processing matter with special compounds, it can acquire the effect of compression.

Brocade is a fabric of very complex production, made from silver and gold threads. It was imported into Russia from Iran and Turkey, and later from Italy and France. From the middle of the 18th century, the production of brocade was mastered and established by Russian craftsmen.

Silk or cotton fabrics created on the basis of complex interweaving of fibers and having a characteristic texture of the front side of the fabric, having the form of longitudinal stripes. In most cases, this fabric is used for the production of women's clothing, such as blouses, women's dresses and suits.

Polyamide, better known to Russian consumers as nylon, is a synthetic fabric made from artificial fibers with a very high level of wear resistance and exceptional resistance to stretching. It is used to create women's clothing.

Polyester fabrics is the general name for fabrics made from polyester fibers, which are made from an alloy of polyethylene terephthalate. It should be noted that this material boasts a high level of wear resistance and strength. Perfectly retains its shape, resistant to fading, does not wrinkle.

Poplin is a dense fabric with a plain weave, made from silk, cotton and woolen threads. It has a small transverse scar, due to which the density of the warp threads increases. Silk poplin is used in the production of elegant women's dresses.

Dense fabric made on the basis of woolen, silk or cotton threads produced from combed yarn in the warp and plain weave in the weft. This material has a “ribbed” texture, due to which the density of the base threads is increased, and the weft threads, once in the middle, form a transverse scar.

Fabric made from woolen or silk twill weave. Silk twill is a great material for lining, and wool twill for outerwear.

Taffeta is a “crisp”, smooth, and very often even velvety fabric made from natural or rayon silk or other types of synthetic fibers. The word "Taffeta" has Persian roots and means "twisted weaves".

Tarkel is a fabric made from fine fibers containing 100% cellulose and has a high level of wear resistance, wind protection, as well as high hygienic properties. Tarkel also absorbs moisture well and breathes.

Flannel is a woolen or cotton fabric of twill or fine weave, which has a double-sided sparse fleece. As a rule, this matter is used in the production of linen. From warm and soft woolen flannel, women's and men's clothing such as skirts, suits and trousers.

Shanzhan is a multicolored, cotton, medium-heavy fabric with a contrasting nature of the warp and weft. Using differently colored threads for the base and the weft, it is possible to obtain the effect of iridescent colors, this is what the “chanzhan” effect is called. Dresses, women's coats, jackets, sports blouses, as well as men's flight clothes are made from this fabric.

Cheviot is a single-color woolen sparse twill weave fabric, which is subjected to shearing and felting during the production process. These materials are used by modern designers and fashion designers in the manufacture of outerwear for women and men.

Chiffon is a translucent, delicate, very thin fabric made from cotton, viscose, silk or synthetic fibers with a crepe twist. The highest quality is considered chiffon, made from natural silk, it is flowing, shiny and smooth.

Plaid fabric is a fabric made from woolen, cotton or chemical threads and has a pattern of large cells, which are characteristic of the national fabrics of Scotland. Another name for tartan fabric is tartan, which means a dense woolen fabric with a checkered pattern.

Staple is a very soft, delicate silky type fabric, produced on the basis of cellulose with cotton additives. It should be noted that the staple has high hygienic properties and, as a rule, is used in the manufacture of summer clothes and clothes for children.

Sheepskin fabrics are produced both in sheared and in natural form, and both of these types can be either regular or overlaid. In the latter case, such a fabric is very often given the name sheepskin fabric with a special level of processing.

Tapestry fabrics, according to the specifics of their manufacture, belong to jacquard fabrics and are produced by a very complex weaving of various patterns. color scheme and texture of threads. If earlier only natural threads were used for the production of tapestry fabrics, today many manufacturers have begun to use the so-called blended threads, which include cotton and polyester.

Very beautiful exquisite colors, excellent texture and different levels of density - these three key features for which jacquard is appreciated by consumers all over the world. It should be said that according to the specifics of its manufacture, jacquard fabric is the most refined fabric that has been used for over 250 years.

The Dom Tkanka shop is ready to offer its customers the richest assortment of fabrics of various textures and colors. You just have to visit the website of our online store and you will see a huge number of the most delicate, beautiful and exquisite fabrics. We tried to create a commercial establishment that could provide customers with any kind of matter and fabrics, and take into account in advance any needs and wishes of its customers. In the event that you are not sure of the correctness of your choice, then our design experts will help you make the right choice of fabrics for clothing design, living quarters or creating a complete ensemble.

Alcala- this knitted(knitted) the cloth, polyester. It has high rates of practicality and reliability. Various dirt can be easily removed with carpet and carpet cleaners.

Alpaca - thin dense silk fabric with a smooth matte background and a brilliant pattern in the form of flowers or geometric shapes.

Atlas - dense silk fabric, semi-silk or cotton soft fabric with a smooth, shiny front surface. Used for various purposes.

bike - soft dense cotton or woolen fabric with a thick combed pile.

Velvet - silk or cotton fabric with soft thick vertical pile (length 1.5 ~ 3mm) on the front side. It is used for sewing women's dresses, skirts, etc., as well as for decoration, for decorative purposes. Velvet was originally made from 100% silk, but is now also made from cotton, viscose and man-made fibres. It is produced by adding additional yarn to the base in the form of loops up to 3 mm high, forming a pile. When sewing from velvet, you need to follow the direction of the pile. Iron very carefully. Velvet should be bought of high quality with a dense pile that will not split and fall out. In textile design, it is traditionally used to give a sense of luxury to the interior.

Batiste - thin, translucent linen or cotton fabric of plain weave with one shiny side. Used, washed and ironed like calico. It is widely used for the manufacture of pillow covers, as well as for curtains, bedspreads and pillows.

Bengalin - thin silk transparent fabric reminiscent of organdy.

beaver- thick (about 4 mm) heavy woolen fabric with a combed standing pile on the front side.

Side fabric (board) - dense (mostly linen) dressed fabric plain weave. It is used for sewing the inner lining, which gives stability to the shape.

Boston - dense wool fabric with small oblique scars. The name comes from the city of Boston.

Boucle - wavy fabrics, similar to small astrakhan; made from fancy or crepe twisted yarn.

Bumazeya - soft, mostly cotton fabric with fleece (more often on the wrong side).

Coarse calico - dense cotton fabric in which the warp threads are thinner than the weft threads. Bleached calico is often called canvas.

Batting- knitted or non-woven fabric (thickness 3 ~ 12 mm) from cotton, woolen or wool blend yarn with fleece.

Velveteen - dense cotton or synthetic fabric, which has longitudinal weft pile scars on the front surface (velveteen cord - wide, corduroy scar - narrow). It is woven by adding additional yarn, which is then in a special way cut out. Traditionally used for furniture upholstery. Ironing such a fabric should be along the pile when wet.

Velveton - plain dyed thick fabric with a soft dense combed pile on the front surface.

Velours - the general name of fabrics, leather and other materials that have a soft pile velvety front surface (for example, velor velvet, velor drape, etc.).

Volta- easy.

Gabardine- light semi-woolen, woolen, silk or cotton fabric having small oblique scars.

Gas - light translucent fabric a special gas weave, in which the finest silk or cotton threads are arranged so that there is space between the weft and warp threads.

Worsted - rough cotton fabric plain weave with double-sided padding.

Glazet - silk fabric with gold and silver duck, smooth or with a large pattern.

Greensbon - dense cotton fabric herringbone twill weave.

Lady- light shaped silk fabric with a large matte pattern on a smooth shiny background. The pattern is formed by weft threads from cotton yarn.

Damascus- soft shiny dense silk fabric with large patterns. It is used for furniture upholstery and other decorative purposes.

Damask - this jacquard weave fabric, produced first in Damascus, with satin patches on a dense basis of cotton, silk, wool and mixed fibers of different weights. It is currently used to make curtains, draperies, and sometimes bedspreads and upholstery. For different purposes, fabrics of different weights are selected. Can also be used on the wrong side if a matte side is required. Suitable for curtains that are visible from both sides.

Leatherette — cotton fabric with a nitrocellulose coating applied to one or both sides of the fabric; leatherette.

Diagonal - dense cotton or wool fabric with well-defined oblique scars.

Drap - dense, heavy, usually with a thick pile woolen or wool blend fabric fluffy yarn.

Jacquard . Weaving "jacquard" refers to complex intricate weaving. The uniqueness of the jacquard mechanism lies in the ability to control the individual warps of the thread when forming a canopy for each direction. Hundreds of these threads can be used to create intricate patterns on the loom.

Zephyr - cotton fabric with characteristic narrow longitudinal stripes (strings) formed by thickened warp threads or colored threads.

Canvas - mesh cotton (or linen) heavily finished fabric. It is used as a basis or stencil for embroidery.

canifas - thick cotton fabric, usually with embossed stripes.

Castor - dense brushed wool fabric with a short smooth pile. Some lightweight castors are called "castorines".

Cashmere - light semi-woolen, woolen or cotton fabric with slanted ridges.

Kisei - light transparent cotton fabric with weaving pattern in a large check and printed floral ornament on a white or light background.

Covercoat - dense woolen or wool blend fabric, as a rule, with oblique scars.

Cord - wool fabric with longitudinal scars on the front side.

Crepe - woolen or silk fabric, for the warp of which a tightly twisted thread is used, and for a weft - a non-twisted thread, which creates irregularities and roughness on the front side.

Cretonne - dense cotton fabric plain weave from pre-dyed yarn, which makes it possible to obtain a textile ornament in the form of a cage or stripes. Finishing with printed geometric or small floral ornaments is also known.
Lyonnaise is a dense cotton fabric with clearly defined scars on the front side.

Mayan- light cotton fabric produced bleached, dyed and printed.

marquisette - light, thin, transparent cotton or silk fabric. It is made from very fine twisted yarn.

Melange fabric- a fabric made from single or twisted melange yarn obtained from a mixture of dyed different colors fibers. Cotton melange fabrics are common: leotard, cheviot, carpet coat, cloth. Woolen melange fabrics are called: cloth melange, drape melange, etc.

Calico - a harsh thin fabric, which is a rough plain plain weave cotton fabric of cream or white color interspersed with natural "flakes" from cotton bolls. The canvas comes in a wide variety of widths and weights, and is used to make inexpensive curtains, bed draperies, and garden awnings. From calico as a result of dyeing and finishing operations, chintz and linen fabrics are obtained: madapolam, muslin. Calico should be soaked before sewing to avoid further shrinkage and ironed when damp.

Moire - this is a dense fabric, most often on a silk or acetate basis, with stains, iridescent (in the light) in various shades. characteristic feature is that the design is applied to a plain fabric through hot engraving cylinders, which destroy the threads and direct them in a different direction, which contributes to the formation of the design.

Muslin- thin soft silk or cotton white or white-cream relatively inexpensive fabric which can be painted in pastel colors. Used for second thin curtains and curtains in hot countries to protect against light and insects.
Nanbuck is a plain dyed cotton fabric with a satin weave that is heavier and stiffer than regular satins.

Organdy- very thin stiff transparent matte cotton or silk fabric, treated with acid (which gives it a unique "compression") or worked out in a finely patterned weave. It is used for the manufacture of thin curtains, table decoration and lampshades, as well as for finishing dresses. Can be washed, ironed when wet.

Organza - This is a fabric similar to organdy, but made of silk, polyester or viscose. Very resilient and is used to reinforce the top of curtains made of thin fabrics, curtains for protection against sunlight and to protect curtains. Combine layers of different tones or pastel colors one on top of the other.

Brocade - fabric, woven traditional way from silk, cotton, wool or mixed fibers on a jacquard loom in multi-color or plain colors with a floral pattern. In the weft (rarely in the warp) it contains metallic threads (made of gold, silver or materials imitating them). Brocade lends itself well to draping and can be used for curtains, traditional bed draperies, bedspreads and furniture upholstery. Some types can be washed, but mostly brocade requires dry cleaning.

Patriot- multicolored gray cotton fabric(at the same time, the warp threads are white, the weft threads are black).

Piqué- dense cotton, less often silk fabric, the front side of which is worked out in the form of scars of various shapes.

Plis - cotton fabric with pile (the so-called "paper" velvet).

Plush - cotton, silk or wool fabric with a pile of about 2.2 mm. Used for furniture upholstery.

canvas- This is a dense heavy fabric made of cotton, silk or linen, usually made from warp and weft threads of the same thickness and density, reinforced with shellac. It is used for the manufacture of awnings, curtains and awnings.

Poplin - a fabric made of cotton, silk or chemical fibers with transverse scars.

Ratin- dense soft wool fabric with short curls of dense pile on the surface.

Reps - cotton or silk fabric, the front and back sides of which are covered with scars, which are formed due to the significantly thinner and higher density of the threads in the warp than in the weft.

satin - cotton or synthetic fabric with a smooth shiny surface.

Satinet- thin cotton fabric satin weave, with a woven ornament in the form of thin stripes.

chintz - light cotton fabric, obtained by finishing a harsh calico.

Screen(screen)- modern fabric for curtains(mainly rolled). Deserves special attention, as it has a number of undeniable advantages. No visual isolation outside world creates comfortable conditions for illumination and thermal condition of the room. Due to the fine mesh structure of the fabric, you can see what is happening on the street, while the canvas hides what is happening indoors, and in to a large extent scatters and delays the thermal radiation of the sun's rays. In addition, this fabric is durable, which is ensured by the composition of the material (the base is fiberglass, which is 36%, with a PVC layer applied - 64%). The screen is easy to use and does not require special care, which consists in wet cleaning with a neutral detergent; is non-combustible according to the European classification (does not support combustion) class M1. Roller blinds made of this material can be installed both indoors and outdoors.

Suzani (suzani) - decorative rectangular cotton or silk fabric embroidered with patterns (Uzbek and Tajik wall decoration).

Cloth- lint-free or lint-free woolen or cotton fabric, on the front side of which there is a felt-like covering, somewhat hiding the weave pattern of the fabric.

Taffeta — thick cotton fabric, silk, acetate and mixed fibers with small transverse scars or patterns on a matte background. Used to decorate draperies, easy to handle, reflects light.

Tweed - wool fabric plain weave with a square or rectangular pattern in several colors. It is used for upholstery of chairs, armchairs, sofas, as well as for curtains, pillows and lambrequins.

Teak - thick linen or cotton fabric with a pattern in the form of longitudinal stripes. Previously produced from white threads, now it is the most different colors and density. It is used as upholstery material, for the manufacture of mattresses, curtains, etc.

Fine embroidered wool - this plain fabric on the basis of natural cotton, embroidered with a tambour stitch in cream or multi-colored wool. Soft but heavy, looks great on curtains, soft blinds, pillows and loose bedspreads. You can wash it, but it's better to test it on a small piece first.

Trouville - cotton fabric in a small transverse scar, produced one-colored and with a printed pattern in the form of longitudinal stripes.

Tulle . Fine light cotton fabric or polyester fibers, dyed in a variety of colors. It is used for the manufacture of transparent curtains, bed gaps. Easy to wash, no need to iron. Silk and wool tulle is used for sophisticated draperies.

Fay - dense fabric with small transverse scars, obtained due to the difference in thickness and density of the warp and weft.

shaped fabric - diaper fabric often silk. It is used for furniture upholstery, making ties and for decorative purposes. Shaped fabrics are produced mainly by the jacquard method.

Flannel - soft wool or cotton fabric with bilateral fleece.
Flock is an application small particles fibers, usually simple drawing, on a sticky cloth base. The fabrics used for the flocking process are knitted fabrics such as satin, twill, rayon.

Chesucha- relatively inexpensive fabric plain weave, usually a sandy yellow color, made from a special type of silk, used for lining heavy curtains, covers, summer curtains and pillows.

Chinz- this cotton fabric with an oriental pattern based on flowers and birds. It often has a special coating that gives it a characteristic sheen and resists dirt. The shine is gradually washed off, so it is better to clean the curtains from this material, rather than wash it. When ironing, do not use steam, and do not fold the product, otherwise the shine will crumble.

Cheviot - soft, dense, slightly fleecy fabric made of woolen or mixed (with cotton, viscose fiber) yarn.

Raw silk (Chinese silk) - kind of chesuchi. Light to medium silk, woven from unevenly spun threads, which makes it look rough. It is used for the manufacture of curtains, pillows, light draperies and lampshades. It has a wide range of colors, frills and fringes are made from it.

Sewing- this is an embroidered fabric with a welt pattern, varying in pattern from simple round holes to complex graceful motifs. Usually cotton or cotton and polyester.

Chiffon - thin silky cotton fabric high density plain weave.

Plaid- It is produced from fine twisted wool and is characterized by a special checkered pattern. Traditional tartan is resistant to wear and is used as upholstery for sofas and chairs, curtains and pillows are made from it. Also, a tartan can be made of cotton (often with viscose threads), silk (the main condition is a checkered pattern) and used when sewing women's or children's lung clothes and men's shirts.

Shtof- decorative plain-dyed fabric with a complex large woven pattern. It is made mainly from chemical threads. It is used for upholstery of furniture, walls, etc.

Pongee - cotton or silk fabric with a rough (spongy) surface, a multi-colored pattern in the form of patterned melange, cells, wide stripes, etc.

Currently, much attention is paid to home security. Therefore, non-combustible fabrics are increasingly appearing in our interiors. In Europe, flame retardant (i.e., fireproof) fabrics woven from Trevira CS fiber have long been widely used. This fiber is a modified polyester, the fire resistance of which is due to the structure of the material at the molecular level. Therefore, fabrics made from this fiber retain their fireproof properties in the course of many years of operation, despite repeated washings, cleanings, increased loads, etc.

Modern weaving technologies make it possible to create a whole range of curtain and upholstery fabrics from Trevira CS fiber: from the thinnest veils to dense velours and flocks. For this reason, designers now have thousands various kinds Trevira CS fabrics, which can be used to decorate interiors of any complexity and in any style.

Fabrics made from this fiber are extremely light resistant, hygienic, do not cause allergies And do not contain harmful substances. Given all the advantages, it is worth including fabrics on this basis in the interior of a residential building. Moreover, the choice of such fabrics is great: from curtains and furniture upholstery to bed linen. Fabrics made from Trevira CS fiber are marked with a registered trademark firms: Trevira GmbH (Germany).

In addition to the above benefits, there are the following:

Fabrics made from Trevira CS fiber, easy to wash, so they are suitable for a short wash cycle at low temperatures, which saves water, detergents and electricity;

fabrics resistant to any disinfectants;

Fabrics have rich colors and light fastness;

fabrics have high abrasion resistance;

Upholstery fabrics are exceptionally comfortable due to their excellent breathability;

Fabrics are not subject to rotting and mold;

- fire retardant properties are always stored in tissues without additional processing by special means;

In case of fire no smoldering occurs on fabrics, smoke is produced in very small quantities.

Constant quality control of existing ones and the procedure for the admission of new brands of fabrics for sale guarantee the reliability and safety of their use.

The fabrics fully comply with all important international fire regulations currently in force.

All brands of manufactured products have verification certificates.