Type of Armed Forces - this is part of the Armed Forces of the state, intended to conduct military operations in a certain area (on land, at sea, in air and outer space).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of three types of armed forces: the Ground Forces, the Air Force and the Navy. Each type, in turn, consists of military branches, special troops and rear services.

Ground troops include military command and control bodies, motorized rifle, tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, as well as special troops (formations and units of reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, nuclear technical, technical support, automobile and rear security), military units and logistics institutions, other units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops designed to conduct combat operations independently and jointly with other branches of the military and special forces. They can operate successfully in conditions where weapons are used mass destruction and conventional means.

Motorized rifle troops are capable of breaking through prepared enemy defenses, developing an offensive at a high tempo and to great depth, gaining a foothold on captured lines and holding them firmly.

Tank forces are the main impact force Ground forces. They are highly resistant to the damaging effects of nuclear weapons and are used, as a rule, in the main directions of defense and offense. Tank forces are capable of making full use of the results of fire and nuclear strikes and in a short time achieving the final goals of the battle and operation.

Rocket Forces and Artillery are the main means of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy in front-line, army, corps operations and combined arms combat. They include formations and units of operational-tactical missiles of front-line and army subordination and tactical missiles of army and divisional subordination, as well as formations and military units of howitzer, cannon, rocket, anti-tank artillery, mortars, anti-tank guided missiles and artillery reconnaissance.

Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces designed to cover troop groups and their rear from enemy air strikes. They are capable, independently and in cooperation with aviation, of destroying enemy aircraft and unmanned aerial attack vehicles, combating airborne assault forces along their flight routes and during their drop, conducting radar reconnaissance and alerting troops about the threat of an air attack.

Corps of Engineers intended for engineering reconnaissance of terrain and objects, fortification equipment of troop deployment areas, construction of barriers and destruction, making passages in engineering barriers, demining of terrain and objects, preparation and maintenance of traffic and maneuver routes, equipment and maintenance of crossings for overcoming water obstacles, equipment of points water supply.

The engineering troops include the following formations, military units and subunits: engineer-sapper, engineer barriers, engineering-positional, pontoon-bridge, ferry-landing, road-bridge-building, field water supply, engineering-camouflage, engineering-technical, engineering-repair .

Russian Air Force consist of four branches of aviation (long-range aviation, military transport aviation, front-line aviation, army aviation) and two branches of anti-aircraft troops (anti-aircraft missile forces and radio engineering troops).

Long-range aviation is the main strike force of the Russian Air Force. It is capable of effectively hitting important enemy targets: carrier ships of sea-based cruise missiles, energy systems and centers of higher military and government control, nodes of railway, road and sea communications.

Military transport aviation- the main means of landing troops and military equipment during operations in continental and ocean theaters of war. It is the most mobile means of delivering people, materiel, military equipment, and food to specified areas.

Front-line bomber and attack aircraft designed for air support of the Ground Forces in all types of combat operations (defense, offensive, counter-offensive).

Frontline reconnaissance aircraft conducts aerial reconnaissance in the interests of all branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the armed forces.

Frontline fighter aviation carries out tasks to destroy enemy air attack weapons while covering troop groups, economic regions, administrative and political centers and other objects.

Army aviation designed for fire support of combat operations of the Ground Forces. During the battle, army aviation strikes at enemy troops, destroys his airborne assault forces, raiding, advanced and outflanking detachments; provides landing and air support for its landing forces, fights enemy helicopters, destroys its nuclear missiles, tanks and other armored vehicles. In addition, it performs combat support tasks (conducts reconnaissance and electronic warfare, lays minefields, adjusts artillery fire, provides control and conduct of search and rescue operations) and logistics support (carries out the transfer of materiel and various cargoes, evacuates the wounded from the battlefield ).

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to cover troops and objects from enemy air strikes.

Radio technical troops carry out tasks to detect enemy air attack weapons in the air, identify, track, and notify command, troops and agencies about them civil defense, as well as to monitor the flights of its aviation.

Russian Navy consists of four branches of forces: submarine forces, surface forces, naval aviation, coastal troops, support and service units.

Submarine forces designed to destroy enemy ground targets, search for and destroy enemy submarines, and strike groups of surface ships, both independently and in cooperation with other naval forces.

Surface forces designed to search and destroy submarines, combat enemy surface ships, land amphibious assault forces, detect and neutralize sea mines and perform a number of other tasks.

Naval aviation designed to destroy enemy naval groups, convoys and landing forces at sea and at bases, to search for and destroy enemy submarines, to cover their ships, and to conduct reconnaissance in the interests of the fleet.

Coastal troops designed for operations in amphibious assaults, defense of the coast and important objects on the shore, protection of coastal communications from enemy attacks.

Support and maintenance units and units provide the basing and combat activities of the fleet's submarine and surface forces.

The basis of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.

Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, Russia's national interests require sufficient military power to defend itself. The history of Russia constantly reminds us of this - the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.

And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the development trends of the modern military-political situation, are more than real.

On the composition and organizational structure of the Armed Forces Russian Federation, recruitment and management system, military duty and will be discussed in this section.

Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They represent a state military organization that makes up the country's defense.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”, the Armed Forces are intended to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces can also be involved in solving problems that are not related to their main purpose, but affect the national interests of Russia. Such tasks could be:

• participation together with internal troops and law enforcement agencies in the fight against organized crime, in protecting the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens;
• security collective security countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
• carrying out peacekeeping missions both in the near and far abroad, etc.

These and others complex tasks Russian troops decide in a certain composition and organizational structure (Fig. 2).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command bodies, associations, formations, units, divisions and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and in troops not included in the branches and branches of the armed forces.

TO central authorities include the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central command bodies include the Main Commands of the Armed Forces.

Type of Armed Forces- it's theirs component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). These are the Ground Forces. Air Force, Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Branch of the military

Under branch of the army is understood as a part of the branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by basic weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent branches of the military. In the Russian Armed Forces these are the Strategic Missile Forces, Space Forces and Airborne Forces.

Rice. 1. Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Associations- these are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. Associations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions various types and branches of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational formation. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them. The word “connection” means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). All together this is the division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which has the status of a unit in itself. In this case, the brigade headquarters, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, the units include division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (voentorg, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison officers' house, garrison household goods services, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Units can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and ships of the Navy are awarded the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of “division”, “divide” - a part is divided into subdivisions.

TO organizations These include such structures supporting the life of the Armed Forces as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and maintain their reserves, prepare and operate communication routes, provide military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, providing medical care to the wounded and sick, carrying out sanitary, hygienic and veterinary measures and performing a number of other logistics tasks. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, and warehouses with supplies of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear security and other units and units.

Quartering and arrangement of troops— activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, the cantonment of troops, the creation of conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of combat operations.

Troops that are not included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops are intended to protect the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Russian FSB.

Their tasks also follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection state borders member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organization of passage of persons, Vehicle, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and protecting marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful attacks.

The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: preventing and suppressing armed conflicts and actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament of illegal groups; compliance with the state of emergency; strengthening public order policing where necessary; ensuring the normal functioning of all government agencies, legally elected authorities; protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

One of the most important tasks of the internal troops is to participate, together with the Armed Forces, according to a single concept and plan, in the country’s territorial defense system.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from dangers arising during the conduct of military operations or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.

In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense troops are: participation in events aimed at preventing emergency situations(emergency); training the population in ways to protect themselves from dangers arising during emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate threats from emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural assets from dangerous areas to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing them with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires arising as a result of emergencies.

IN war time Civil Defense troops solve problems related to the implementation of measures for the protection and survival of the civilian population: construction of shelters; carrying out activities on light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into hot spots, areas of contamination and contamination, and catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during military operations or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintaining order in areas affected by military operations or as a result of these actions; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of necessary communal facilities and other elements of the population support system, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.

Armed Forces Leadership and Control System

The general management of the Armed Forces (and other military formations and bodies) of the Russian Federation is carried out by Supreme Commander-in-Chief. According to the Constitution and the Law “On Defense” it is President of Russia.

Exercising your powers. The President determines the main directions of the military policy of the Russian Federation, among which the most important place is occupied by the problems of creating, strengthening and improving the military organization, technical equipment of the Armed Forces, determining the prospects for the development of military equipment, and the mobilization capabilities of the state. It approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, the plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the mobilization plan of the Armed Forces, which determines the operating procedure of the bodies state power Russia, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government and the country's economy in wartime. In conditions of peace, the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation is being prepared and approved by the President; it is planned to create reserves of material assets of state and mobilization reserves. In addition, the President approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan.

The President of the Russian Federation approves federal state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex. The President of the country also approves plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste. He also approves all nuclear and other special testing programs.

Carrying out direct control of the Armed Forces, he approves the structure and composition of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations up to and including unification, as well as the staffing level of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The most important documents, such as general military regulations, regulations on the Battle Banner of a military unit, the Naval flag, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, are approved by the President of the Russian Federation and represent the laws of army and naval life.

Twice a year, the President issues decrees on, as well as on the dismissal from military service of military personnel serving under conscription.

As the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the country, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation on martial law, enacts wartime regulatory legal acts and terminates them, forms and abolishes bodies executive power for the period of war in accordance with the federal constitutional law on martial law. In the event of aggression against Russia or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation issues a Decree on the introduction of martial law. It can be introduced throughout the entire country or in individual areas that have been attacked, threatened with attack, or that are of particular importance for the defense of the country. By introducing martial law, the President vests special powers in government bodies, local governments and organizations. When martial law is introduced, it may be created special bodies military administration, whose power also extends to civilians. All bodies and officials are instructed to assist the military command in the use of forces and means of a given territory for defense, ensuring security and order. Some constitutional rights of citizens may be limited (for example, freedom of assembly, demonstration, freedom of the press).

When martial law is introduced, the President of the Russian Federation immediately informs the Federation Council and the State Duma about this. The Presidential decree on the introduction of martial law must be approved by the Federation Council.

The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal laws, has the right to make a decision on involving the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in carrying out tasks using weapons not intended for their intended purpose.

The President of Russia forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Its main functions are the development of proposals to ensure the protection of the constitutional system, state sovereignty, territorial integrity of the country, and participation together with other bodies in the development of the military policy of the Russian Federation.

Thus, fulfilling his constitutional duties and tasks assigned to him by the Federal Law "On Defense", the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces ensures the country's preparation to repel possible aggression, manages all aspects of the process of maintaining the Russian army and navy in a combat-ready state appropriate country level.

Powers of the Federation Council and State Duma in the field of defense

In the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the representative and legislative body is the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Constitution and the Law “On Defense” clearly define the powers Federal Assembly in the field of defense.

Council of the Federation is the upper house of the Federal Assembly and acts as a body of representation of the constituent entities of the Federation. His jurisdiction includes the approval of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons in carrying out tasks not for their intended purpose, resolving the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside territory of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma, as well as those adopted by the State Duma federal laws in the field of defense.

The State Duma is a representative body of the entire population of the Russian Federation and consists of deputies elected by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.

The State Duma considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget; adopts federal laws in the field of defense, thereby regulating various aspects of activities related to the organization of defense and military development.

In addition to these powers, the Federation Council and the State Duma exercise parliamentary control in this area through their committees on security and defense.

Government of the Russian Federation- one of the main bodies for exercising state power in the Russian Federation. It heads the system of federal executive authorities.

In accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation takes measures to ensure the country's defense and security. The content of government activities in this area is formulated in more detail in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”. According to this law, the government: develops and submits to the State Duma proposals for defense spending in the federal budget; organizes the supply of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with materiel, energy and other resources and services according to their orders; organizes the development and implementation of state weapons programs and the development of the defense industrial complex;

determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces; organizes the development of the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes and takes measures to implement this program; determines the organization, tasks and carries out general planning of civil and territorial defense; organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products, etc.

Direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Minister of Defense is the direct boss of everything personnel Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and bears personal responsibility for the implementation of the tasks assigned to the ministry. On the most important issues of the life and activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, he issues orders and directives, and also enacts regulations, instructions, and other legal acts regulating various issues of life, everyday life and activities of the troops. The Minister of Defense manages the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Russian Federation.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation participates in the preparation of proposals on issues of military policy and the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, develops a concept for the construction of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is preparing the Federal State Program for Armament and the Development of Military Equipment, as well as proposals for the state defense order and defense spending in the draft federal budget. Coordination and financing of work carried out for defense purposes are important; organization scientific research, ordering and financing the production and purchase of weapons and military equipment, food, clothing and other property, material and other resources for the Armed Forces. The Ministry cooperates with the military departments of foreign states, and also exercises a number of other powers.

The main body for the operational control of troops and fleet forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is General base. He develops proposals for the military doctrine of Russia, a plan for the construction of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and coordinates the development of proposals for the size of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The General Staff is also preparing a plan for the use and mobilization of the Armed Forces and the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes. It establishes quantitative standards for conscription for military service, military training, and carries out analysis and coordination of military registration activities in the country, preparing citizens for military service and their conscription for military service and military training. For the purposes of defense and security, the General Staff organizes intelligence activities, measures to maintain the combat and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, etc.

The structure of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes a number of main and central departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of the Russian Federation include the Main Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation. Structurally, the Main Command of a branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of the Main Staff, directorates, departments and services. At the head of the branch of the Armed Forces is the Commander-in-Chief. He is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation and reports directly to the Minister of Defense.

The military district directorate includes: military district headquarters, directorates, departments, services and other structural units. The military district is headed by the commander of the military district troops.

The management structure of a separate military unit and the main responsibilities of its officials are determined by the Charter Internal service Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

| Structure and tasks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation | Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces)- a state military organization of the Russian Federation, designed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation - Russia, for the armed defense of the integrity and inviolability of its territory, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with international treaties of Russia.

A branch of the Armed Forces is an integral part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air).

✑ Ground forces
✑ Aerospace Forces
✑ Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Ground troops

From the history of creation

Ground troops - oldest species troops. In the era of the slave system, they consisted of two types of troops (infantry and cavalry) or only one of them. The organization and tactics of these troops received significant development in Ancient Rome, where a coherent system of their recruitment, training and use was created. In the VIII - XIV centuries. the use of handguns and artillery sharply increased the combat power of the ground forces and caused changes in the tactics of their actions and organization. In the XVII-XVIII centuries. Ground forces in various countries, including Russia, received a harmonious permanent organization, which included platoons, companies (squadrons), battalions, regiments, brigades, divisions and army corps. By the beginning of the First World War, ground forces constituted the bulk of the armed forces of most countries. By this time, they received repeating rifles with bayonets, heavy and light machine guns, rapid-fire guns, mortars, armored vehicles, and at the end of the war, tanks. The troops were united into armies, consisting of corps and divisions. The further creation and introduction of new types of weapons into the troops caused a change in the structure of the ground forces. They included armored, chemical, automobile and air defense troops.

Organizational structure of the Ground Forces

• High Command
• Motorized rifle troops
• Tank forces
• Rocket Forces and Artillery
• Air defense troops
• Intelligence units and military units
• Corps of Engineers
• Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops
• Signal Corps

Ground troops- This is a type of troops intended primarily for conducting combat operations on land. In most states they are the most numerous, diverse in weapons and methods of warfare, and have great firepower and striking power. They are capable of conducting an offensive in order to defeat enemy troops and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel enemy invasions, and firmly hold occupied territories and lines.

These troops include:
• motorized rifle troops,
• tank forces,
• missile forces and artillery,
• air defense troops,
• units and units of special forces,
• units and institutions of the rear.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the military. They consist of motorized rifle formations, units and subunits and are designed to conduct military operations independently or jointly with other branches of the military and special forces. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, have effective means intelligence and management.

Tank forces designed to conduct combat operations independently and in cooperation with other branches of the military and special forces. They are equipped with tanks various types(high cross-country tracked combat vehicles, fully armored, with weapons to destroy various targets on the battlefield).
Tank troops constitute the main striking force of the ground forces. They are used primarily in the main directions to deliver powerful and deep blows to the enemy. Possessing great firepower, reliable protection, great mobility and maneuverability, they are capable of achieving the final goals of battle and operation in a short time.

Rocket Forces and Artillery- a branch of the military created in the early 60s. based on the artillery of the Ground Forces and the introduction of missile weapons into the troops.
They serve as the main means of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy and can destroy nuclear attack weapons, enemy force groups, aviation at airfields, and air defense facilities; hit reserves, control points, destroy warehouses, communications centers and other important objects. Combat missions are carried out using all types of fire and missile strikes.
In addition to missile systems, they are armed with artillery systems, which, according to their combat properties, are divided into cannon, howitzer, jet, anti-tank and mortar systems, according to methods of movement - into self-propelled, towed, self-propelled, transportable and stationary, and according to design features - into barreled, rifled , smoothbore, recoilless, jet, etc.

Air defense troops carry out tasks to repel enemy air attacks, cover troops and rear facilities from air strikes. Air defense is organized in all types of combat during troop movements and positioning on site. It includes reconnaissance of enemy air, alerting troops about him, fighting anti-aircraft missile units and anti-aircraft artillery, aviation, as well as organized fire from anti-aircraft weapons and small arms of motorized rifle and tank units.

Special troops- these are military formations, institutions and organizations designed to support the combat activities of the Ground Forces and solve special problems. These include engineering troops, radiation, chemical and biological defense troops, communications troops and others, as well as weapons and logistics services.

The main guarantor of the independence and inviolability of the borders of any state is its armed forces. Diplomacy and economic means are certainly important (and effective) tools of international politics, but only those countries that are able to defend themselves are viable. The entire political history of mankind is proof of this thesis.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces) are currently one of the largest in the world in terms of numbers. In rankings compiled by expert groups, the Russian army is usually in the top five, along with the armed forces of China, India, the United States and the DPRK. The size of the Russian army is determined by decrees of the country's president, who, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, is the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Currently (summer 2018) it is 1,885,371 people, including about 1 million military personnel. Today, our country’s mobilization resource is approximately 62 million people.

Russia is a nuclear state. Moreover, our country has one of the largest arsenals of nuclear weapons, as well as sophisticated and numerous means of delivering them. The Russian Federation ensures a closed cycle of nuclear weapons production.

Our country has one of the most developed military-industrial complexes in the world; the Russian military-industrial complex is capable of providing the armed forces with almost the entire range of weapons, military equipment and ammunition, from pistols to ballistic missiles. Moreover, Russia is one of the largest arms exporters in the world, with $14 billion worth of Russian weapons sold in 2017.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created on May 7, 1992 on the basis of units of the USSR Armed Forces, but the history of the Russian army is much longer and richer. She can be called the heir not only of the armed forces of the USSR, but also of the Russian imperial army, which ceased to exist in 1917.

Nowadays, the recruitment of the Russian armed forces occurs on a mixed principle: both through conscription and on a contract basis. Modern government policy in the field of formation of the armed forces is aimed at increasing the number of professionals serving under contract. Currently all non-commissioned officers The RF Armed Forces are completely professional.

The annual budget of the Russian armed forces in 2018 was 3.287 trillion rubles. This is 5.4% of the country's total GDP.

Currently, conscript service in the Russian army is 12 months. Men between the ages of 18 and 27 can be drafted into the armed forces.

History of the Russian Army

On July 14, 1990, the first Russian military department appeared. It was called the “State Committee of the RSFSR for support and interaction with the Ministry of Defense and the KGB of the USSR.” After the August putsch in Moscow, the Ministry of Defense of the RSFSR was formed for a short time on the basis of a committee.

After the collapse of the USSR, the United Armed Forces of the CIS countries were formed, but this was a temporary measure: on May 7, 1992, the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed a decree on the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Initially, the RF Armed Forces included all military units located on the territory of the country, as well as troops that were under Russian jurisdiction. Then their number was 2.88 million people. Almost immediately the question of reforming the armed forces arose.

The 90s were a difficult period for the Russian army. Chronic underfunding led to the fact that the best personnel left it, the purchase of new types of weapons practically ceased, many military factories were closed, and promising projects were stopped. Almost immediately after the creation of the Russian armed forces, plans appeared to completely transfer them to a contract basis, but lack of funding for a long time did not allow moving in this direction.

In 1995, the first Chechen campaign began, which demonstrated the catastrophic situation of the Russian army. The troops were understaffed, and the fighting showed serious shortcomings in their management.

In 2008, the Russian Armed Forces took part in the conflict in South Ossetia. He revealed a large number of shortcomings and problems of the modern Russian army. The most serious of them were low troop mobility and poor controllability. After the end of the conflict, the start of military reform was announced, which was supposed to significantly increase the mobility of the Armed Forces units and increase the coordination of their joint actions. The result of the reform was a reduction in the number of military districts (four instead of six), a simplification of the ground forces command and control system, and a significant increase in the army budget.

All this made it possible to speed up the entry of new military equipment into the troops, to attract large quantity contract professionals, increase the intensity of combat training of units.

During the same period, regiments and divisions began to be reorganized into brigades. True, in 2013 the reverse process began: regiments and divisions began to form again.

In 2014, the Russian army played a key role in the return of Crimea. In September 2018, the operation of the Russian Armed Forces in Syria began, which continues to this day.

Structure of the Russian army

According to the Russian Constitution, the overall leadership of the Russian armed forces is exercised by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, who is the president of the country. He heads and forms the Security Council of the Russian Federation, whose tasks include developing military doctrine and appointing senior leadership of the armed forces. The president of the country signs decrees on urgent conscription and transfer of military personnel to the reserve, approves various international documents in the field of defense and military cooperation.

Direct control of the armed forces is exercised by the Ministry of Defense. Its main task is to carry out public policy in the field of defense, maintaining constant readiness of the armed forces, developing the military potential of the state, solving a wide range of social issues, carrying out events for interstate cooperation in the military sphere.

Currently (since 2012), the Russian Minister of Defense is Army General Sergei Shoigu.

The operational command of the RF Armed Forces is exercised by the country's General Staff. His boss at currently is Army General Valery Gerasimov.

The General Staff is conducting strategic planning the use of armed forces, as well as other law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation. This body is also involved in operational and mobilization training of the Russian army. If necessary, it is under the leadership of the General Staff that the mobilization deployment of the RF Armed Forces takes place.

Currently, the Russian Armed Forces include three types of troops:

Also integral part The RF Armed Forces are the following types of troops:

• Special troops.

The most numerous are the Ground Forces, they include the following types of troops:

• Tank;
• Air Defense Forces;
• Special troops.

Ground forces are the backbone of the modern Russian army; they carry out ground operations, seize territories and inflict the main damage on the enemy.

The Aerospace Forces are the youngest branch of the Russian army. The decree on their formation was issued on August 1, 2015. The VKS were created on the basis of the Russian Air Force.

The Aerospace Forces includes the Air Force, consisting of army, front-line, long-range and military transport aviation. In addition, anti-aircraft missile forces and radio engineering troops are an integral part of the Air Force.

Another branch of the military that is part of the Aerospace Forces is the air defense and missile defense troops. Their task includes warning of a missile attack, control of the orbital constellation of satellites, and missile defense. Russian capital, launching spacecraft, testing various types of rocket and aircraft equipment. The structure of these particular troops includes two cosmodromes: Plesetsk and Baikonur.

Another component of the Air Force is the Space Force.

The Navy is a branch of the armed forces that can conduct operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. It is capable of delivering nuclear and conventional strikes against enemy sea and land targets, landing troops on the coast, protecting the economic interests of the country, and conducting search and rescue operations.

The Russian Navy includes surface and submarine forces, naval aviation, coastal troops and special forces units. The submarine forces of the Russian Navy can carry out strategic missions; they are armed with submarine missile carriers with ballistic nuclear missiles.

The coastal forces include units of the marine corps and missile and artillery coastal troops.

The Russian Navy includes four fleets: the Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic and Northern, as well as the Caspian Flotilla.

A separate branch of the military is the Strategic Missile Forces - this is the main component nuclear forces Russia. The Strategic Missile Forces are an instrument of global deterrence; it is a guarantee of a retaliatory strike in the event of a nuclear attack on our country. The main armament of the Strategic Missile Forces are strategic intercontinental missiles with mobile and silo-based nuclear warheads.

The Strategic Missile Forces include three missile armies (with headquarters in Omsk, Vladimir and Orenburg), the Kapustin Yar test site, research and educational establishments.

The airborne troops also belong to a separate branch of the military and are the reserve of the Commander-in-Chief. The first airborne units were formed in the USSR back in the early 30s. This branch of the military has always been considered the elite of the army, and it remains so to this day.

The Airborne Forces include airborne and air assault units: divisions, brigades and individual units. The main purpose of paratroopers is to conduct combat operations behind enemy lines. Today, the Russian Airborne Forces include five divisions, five brigades and a separate communications regiment, as well as specialized educational institutions and training centers.

The RF Armed Forces also include special troops. This name refers to the set of units that ensure the normal functioning of the Ground Forces, Aerospace Forces and Navy. TO special forces include railway troops, medical service, road and pipeline troops, and topographic service. This branch of troops also includes special units of the GRU.

Territorial division of the RF Armed Forces

Currently, the territory of Russia is divided into four military districts: Western (headquarters in St. Petersburg), Central (headquarters in Yekaterinburg), Southern (Rostov-on-Don) and Eastern with headquarters in Khabarovsk.

In 2014, it was announced the formation of a new military structure - the North strategic command, whose task is to protect Russian state interests in the Arctic. In fact, this is another military district created on the basis of the Northern Fleet. It has land, air and naval components.

Armament of the Russian Army

Most types of weapons and military equipment that are currently used by the Russian army were developed and manufactured back in Soviet period. Tanks T-72, T-80, BTR-80, BMP-1, BMP-2 and BMP-3, BMD-1, BMD-2 and BMD-3 - all this was inherited by the Russian army from the USSR. The situation is similar with cannon and rocket artillery (MLRS Grad, Uragan, Smerch) and aviation (MiG-29, Su-27, Su-25 and Su-24). This is not to say that this technique is catastrophically outdated; it can be used in local conflicts against not very strong opponents. In addition, the USSR produced so many weapons and military equipment (63 thousand tanks, 86 thousand infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers) that they can be used for many years to come.

However, this technology is already significantly inferior to the latest analogues adopted by the armies of the United States, China and Western Europe.

Around the middle of the last decade, new types of military equipment began to enter service with the Russian army. Today, the process of rearmament is actively underway in the RF Armed Forces. Examples include the T-90 and T-14 Armata tanks, the Kurganets infantry fighting vehicle, the BMD-3 airborne combat vehicle, the BTR-82, the Tornado-G and Tornado-S MLRS, the tactical missile system " Iskander", the latest modifications of the Buk, Tor and Pantsir air defense systems. The aircraft fleet is being actively updated (Su-35, Su-30, Su-34). The Russian fifth-generation fighter PAK FA is being tested.

Currently, significant funds are being invested in the re-equipment of Russian strategic forces. Old missile systems, created back in the USSR, are gradually being taken off duty and replaced with new ones. New missiles are being developed (such as the Sarmat). The fourth generation missile-carrying submarines of the Borei project have been put into service. A new Bulava missile system was developed for them.

The Russian Navy is also being rearmed. According to the state weapons development program (2011-2020), the Russian Navy should include ten new nuclear submarines (both missile and multi-purpose), twenty diesel submarines (Varshavyanka and Lada projects), fourteen frigates ( projects 2230 and 13356) and more than fifty corvettes of different projects.

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The integrity of any state depends on many factors: external and internal opponents, economic situation, general standard of living. The country's leaders have to take into account all these aspects and promptly resolve emerging situations.

Accordingly, the tools for performing a particular task are provided. For example, in order to maintain sovereignty and protect its people from invaders, the Russian armed forces exist.

Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces - V.V. Putin

History of the creation of the RF Armed Forces

The Russian armed forces number about 2 million people. This number includes both professional soldiers and conscripts. Civilian specialists are also present in the Armed Forces. Billions of rubles are allocated annually for the needs of the armed forces. These funds are used for re-equipment, development of new types of weapons, and salaries for the military.

In addition to protecting state integrity and repelling foreign aggression, the Army of the Russian Federation is also involved in more subtle processes. Sometimes, to maintain peace, it is necessary to act on the territory of other countries. A striking example could be the situation in Syria. Where the army of the Russian Armed Forces and its Aerospace Forces (Aerospace Forces) of Russia took part in the defeat of terrorist groups.

Historical dates when the armed forces of the RF Armed Forces were created:

Structure of the Russian Army

The RF Armed Forces include many different structures. All of them have a clear focus and division into areas of responsibility. The structure of the Russian Army consists of various branches of the military.

Types of troops:

• Ground Forces (SV);
• Aerospace Forces (VKS);
• Navy (Navy);
• Certain types of troops;
• Special troops.

Ground troops

They are the most numerous. Their primary task is to conduct offensive and defensive operations. Thanks to technical equipment, the modern armed forces of the Russian Federation can carry out operations to break through the enemy’s layered defenses and capture key points and cities. The head of the ground forces is Colonel General Oleg Leonidovich Salyukov.

The SV includes the following types of troops:

	Name of troops	Short description
		Motorized infantry capable of covering significant distances. The composition includes infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, and military trucks. Divided into divisions. Consists of tanks, artillery, etc.
		Main striking force. The primary purpose is to break through behind enemy lines. Capable of conducting combat operations in conditions of high radiation. It also includes missile, motorized rifle and other units.
		The composition includes cannon, rocket, and mortar artillery. There are reconnaissance and supply units
		Serve to protect ground forces from enemy air attacks
	Special Forces	Various types of troops with narrow specialization. This includes automotive units, electronic warfare troops, chemical and biological defense, and others

The main goal of this type of troops is to fight for the health of soldiers in peacetime and wartime. The MV includes mobile and stationary hospitals. In addition, in peacetime, the responsibilities of this service include providing support to army units medical equipment and training personnel in first aid techniques.

In combat conditions, the value of MS increases many times over. They provide timely medical care wounded servicemen are given inpatient treatment for the soldier’s speedy return to duty.

Aerospace Forces

The main structure of the Russian Army is the Aerospace Forces. They were created to gain air supremacy, conduct reconnaissance operations, transport military equipment and personnel in an operational mode, and protect ground forces from enemy air raids.

It also includes long-range or strategic aviation. Its purpose is to disable industrial and economic facilities. Both cruise missiles with simple warheads and those equipped with nuclear elements can be used.

Separately, the Aerospace Forces includes the Anti-Missile Defense and Air defense. Their tasks include:

• protection of objects on the territory of the country;
• obstruction of aerial reconnaissance by the enemy;
• defense against short-, medium- and long-range ballistic missiles, including components of nuclear weapons of the Russian Armed Forces.

To ensure the protection of the Russian Federation in the space sector, there are Space Forces.

Commander-in-Chief- Bondarev V.N.

Navy

It includes surface and submarine fleets, naval aviation and coastal missile and cannon artillery, as well as coastal defense forces and marines. The WWII is engaged in the defense of our country's maritime borders, but can also be used as an offensive force.

Submarines armed with nuclear missiles are an important element of deterrence.

Commander-in-Chief of the Navy- Admiral V. Korolev.

The fleet also delivers other types of troops to various parts of the world: tank, air, etc. Naval aviation includes airplanes and helicopters based on aircraft carriers.

Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN)

The nuclear shield of our state. This includes ballistic missiles of different ranges: medium, short, intercontinental. They are based both in stationary facilities and on mobile platforms, wheeled chassis and even nuclear trains. They are the main weapon of containment tactics.

Commander-in-Chief- S. Karakaev.

Airborne troops (VDV)

High mobility infantry transported by air. Is different high level combat training. Equipped with special military equipment, also transported by air.

Commander-in-Chief- A. Serdyukov.

Emblems of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Picture	Type of army	Short description
		Units conducting offensive and defensive operations on land. Equipped with tanks, artillery, air defense systems
		Provide medical support to the army
		Designed for the defense of air and space of the Russian Federation. Includes strategic aviation
		Surface and submarines, naval aviation and infantry, defense of the country's water borders
		Russian nuclear shield
		Rapid reaction troops
	Certain genera	Logistics services

Armament

The modern Russian army uses the following weapons.

Tanks:

Photo	Name	Short description	Crew	Armament	Add. systems
	T-72	Main battle tank with a carousel loading system. Crew 3 people. 125 mm caliber gun. There is an anti-aircraft machine gun. May have dynamic and active protection. Diesel engine.	3	The caliber of the main gun is 125 mm, the secondary gun is 7.62 and 15.5 mm anti-aircraft machine guns. On later modifications, small-caliber 20-mm cannons are mounted for use against infantry and lightly armored targets.	Thermal imagers, noctovisors, dynamic protection, active protection systems, devices for creating a smoke screen
	T-80	Tank with a gas turbine engine. It is a high-quality reinforcement of armored units.
	T-90	Shallow modernization of the T-72 tank. The main differences are in the suspension and ammunition used.

Infantry fighting vehicles:

Photo	Name	Short description	Crew/ Landing	Armament
		Infantry support vehicle. It has a fighting compartment in which soldiers are transported. Equipped with an automatic cannon and guided missiles.	3/8	73 mm gun, anti-tank guided missiles
		High-quality modernization. Better armor and weapons.	3/7	30 mm autocannon, 7.62 mm machine gun, anti-tank missiles
		Installed another power plant and gun.	2/9	Combat module of 30 and 100 mm cannons, 3 machine guns, ATGM

Airborne combat vehicle:

Photo	Name	Short description	Crew	Landing	Armament
		Specially designed for the needs of the Airborne Forces. Compared to the BMD, it has less weight and dimensions. The weapons are identical.	2	5	3 7.62 mm machine guns, 73 mm autocannon, ATGM
		Improved model. Can be parachuted with troops in the fighting compartment.			30-mm automatic cannon, machine guns, ATGM “Konkurs”
		The latest modification. Significantly lighter. The weapons complex has changed.			Automatic grenade launcher, anti-tank missile launcher, machine guns and 30mm cannon

Armored personnel carriers:

Photo	Name	Description	Crew	Landing	Weapon
		Used to transport infantry. They differ in their wheel-propulsion system and armor.	2	8	14.5 mm and 7.62 mm machine guns
			3	7
			3	7	30 mm cannon

Armored vehicles:

Photo	Name	Description	Speed, km/h	Equipment
		All-terrain armored car made in Italy.	Up to 130	Heavy machine gun, armored glass, protection against landmines and mines
	GAZ-2975 "Tiger"	Modern domestic armored car. It has good armor and anti-explosive protection. There is a modification with “Konkurs” missiles	Up to 140	Installation of 30-mm autocannons, various machine guns, AGS and ATGMs

Artillery and missile forces:

Photo	Name	Short description	Crew	Equipment	Fire range, km
		Barrel artillery mount designed for fire support of advancing forces	6	152 mm gun, machine guns	Up to 26
			4	152 mm gun	Up to 20
			4	122 mm gun	Up to 15
	"Grad", "Smerch", "Pinocchio" "Sunny"	Multiple launch rocket systems	Until 6	Missiles with a caliber of up to 300 mm	Up to 120
		Tactical missile systems	To 10	Missiles of different ranges	Up to 120
			Up to several dozen	Missiles, including those with nuclear warheads	Up to 500
	"Buk", "Tor", Pantsir-S, S-300, S-400	Air defense systems	Up to several dozen	Missiles, mainly with small destructive elements	Coverage area up to 1000

Aviation of the Russian Armed Forces:

Picture	Name	Description	Equipment	Max. speed, km/h
		Fighters	Air-to-air missiles and small caliber guns	Up to 2500
				Up to 2500
				Up to 2500
	Su-24, Su-34	Frontline bombers	High explosive bombs, including cluster bombs	Up to 2200
		Stormtrooper	Guided and unguided missiles, guns, bombs	Until 2000
		Long-range strategic missile-carrying bombers	Missiles, including those with nuclear warheads, and bombs	Up to 2300
				Up to 750
				Up to 2200
		Transport aircraft	—	Up to 800
	An-72
	An-124
	IL-76
	Il-96-300PU	Radar detection aircraft	Equipped with specific equipment for electronic reconnaissance	Up to 800
	A-50	Air command post	—	Up to 800
		Combat attack helicopters	Rockets, machine guns, cannons	Up to 600
		Army helicopters	Rockets, guns	Up to 800

Navy ships:

Picture	Project	Type
		Aircraft-carrying cruiser. Carries fighters. For defense, small-caliber guns and anti-aircraft missile launchers are provided.
	1164	Missile cruiser. It is used to destroy enemy fortifications and ships using missiles of various calibers.
	1155	Anti-submarine ships. Armed with cannon artillery and torpedoes.
	775	A landing ship for transporting heavy armored vehicles and manpower. In addition to delivery, it provides cover for landing forces.
	949	An underwater missile carrier that, in addition to missiles, also carries torpedoes. Can be launched from an underwater position. Carries nuclear weapons.

Number of members

The size of the army is a state secret. Therefore, open sources only contain information for 2011. According to these data, the RF Armed Forces number about 1,000 thousand people, which is more than two times less than at the time of the creation of our country’s armed forces.

Service in the Russian army

In 2017, the service life of a conscript soldier is 1 calendar year (in the Navy - 2). During this time, his training takes place. The course includes combat and shooting training. In addition, it all depends on the branch of the military where the recruit ends up. Depending on this, additional skills are taught.

During their service, soldiers live in barracks. They eat in common canteens. In case of illness, treatment takes place in the medical building of the military unit.

There are also higher educational institutions with a military focus. The future is being trained there officers. Each military university has its own narrow specialization.