The origin of the count's surname. Russian noble surnames (2010) Russian surnames of noble families list

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The nobility of the Russian Empire

Golovin, Myasoedov, Abaturov,
Kareev, Kislovsky, Kozhin,
Osorgin, Pestrikov, Rezanov,
Selivanov, Sipyagin, Sushkov,
Linguistic and many other noble
dedicated to my ancestors.

Complete list of noble families of the Russian Empire (titled and columnar nobility)

We have to see a lot of unfounded claims of various persons to the nobility (despite the fact that it has not existed in Russia for 100 years), or to origin from one or another noble family, as well as to noble titles (some of which never belonged to that or another family). That is why the idea of ​​this list arose, since the author has not been able to find anywhere similar, which would be sufficiently complete and entirely logical.

This list only includes childbirth hereditary nobles, and to begin with, only titled clans (including clans that received their title from foreign sovereigns and foreign titled nobles, provided that their title was officially recognized in Russia) or ancient("Pillar", before 1685) families of the Russian Empire, that is, noble families that were included, respectively, in the 5th and 6th parts of genealogical books by provinces, see p. Differences among the nobility). Thus, this list probably covers only about 15% of noble families (but for the rest, information is much more accessible, since the families that arose in the 18th and 19th centuries are recent, the fact of their entry into the hereditary nobility is always well documented and all their 2-6 generations can be easily traced from the noble genealogy books of the respective provinces).

Thus, not includes:

• personal nobles (who did not create a clan),


• hereditary noblemen of the first four parts of the genealogical books (who received the nobility by grant after 1685, or for length of service in the army or in the civil service, as well as untitled foreigners),


• untitled nobles of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland, who, strictly speaking, were not part of the Russian Empire, but were more or less relatively autonomous states in personal union with Russia (having the same monarch),


• untitled noblemen of the Caucasus and other territories annexed after Peter the Great.

Of course, different genera bearing the same surname are set separately (in any case, until their connection is precisely established), i.e. we see several genera of the Bartenevs, several genera of the Golovins, several genera of the Levashovs, several genera of the Neklyudovs, etc. Also titled and non-titled branches of the clan (or the same clan that changed the title - for example, the count's clan, becoming princely) stand separately, even if we are not talking about the real extinction of the clan. Separately, two different branches of the genus are placed if they used different coats of arms.

Naturally, only titles officially recognized by the supreme power of Russia before 1917 are included. Thus, the awards of titles made by pretenders to the throne and self-proclaimed "emperors" after 1917, DO NOT INCLUDE, since they are private acts of individuals who are not ruling monarchs (who are the only ones who can assign any titles of nobility).

Approx.

1. About the date of occurrence(the fourth column of the table): we are talking, depending on the cases, about the date of the estate grant, or the date of the first mention of the surname anywhere, or the date of the title award (in the case of titled births), or the date of official recognition of a foreign title in Russia kind.

2. Surnames in Russia, in their modern sense, began to appear only in the 16th century. For example, Ivan the Terrible (from the Moscow branch of the Rurikovichs) simply did not have a surname. Accordingly, in the column "surname" (the second column of the table) there is sometimes not the actual surname, but the name under which this or that family was known as the ruling one in any domain (for example, the princes of Rostov, princes of Chernigov and other Rurikovich ).

3. The parentheses stand when there were several spelling options (for example, the Rzhevusskie or Rzhevuskie graphs), the same applies to the noble predicates "von" (Germany) or "de": many genders of German or French origin were written this way, then that way, or they gradually abandoned the use of the predicate (in such cases it is in parentheses), or, conversely, they constantly used it (in which case it appears without a parenthesis). In at least two cases (Counts Devier and Fonvizin), the original predicate was included in the actual Russian surname.

4. A question mark stands when some information seems doubtful or unreasonable to a number of researchers.

NB! If you saw your last name in this list, this does not mean at all that you belong to this noble family. For a number of reasons, from the fact that many serfs were registered at the time of release under the surname of the former owners to the fact that a noble family (who received the nobility for service or for any merits) could also bear the same surname and are completely unrelated with her are simple namesakes. The same with titles - separate branches of one or another family sometimes received a title from the monarch and began a new, titled branch, while the other branches remained “just” nobles. Thus, there were, for example, the Putyatin princes, the Putyatin counts, the Putyatin nobles (and the Putyatin who did not possess the nobility at all), and there are a lot of such examples. Therefore, without careful and serious genealogical searches based on documents, you do not have to "automatically" attribute yourself to one or another famous noble family, even if your surname is Golitsyn or Obolensky.

Against, if you did NOT see your last name in this list, this does not mean at all that you do not belong to any noble family - as mentioned above, the overwhelming part (more than 4/5) of untitled Russian noble families arose after 1685 and therefore are not included in this list.

Please report all inaccuracies, errors or omissions to [email protected]!

Compiled by Leo Golovin.

Abbreviations

B: boyar clan, i.e. one in which there was at least one boyar

BC: genus included in the Velvet Book (1687)

G: the genus has a coat of arms, but not included in the published parts of the Armorial

Gued: Gediminovichi

DD: a lineage from the ancient nobility (before 1685), but was not included in the Velvet Book

R: Rurikovich

At: extinct clan (for simplicity, this letter stands for a clan that, for example, ceased to be county and became a princely, or even in the case of adding a new part to the surname, for example. save the extinct family of Belozersky)

All titled genera refer to one or more of the following 22 categories :

Princes: UK: former appanage princes (the so-called "natural princes" who received the title as real rulers, and not as a result of the awarding of an honorary princely title by the king or emperor), PC: the princes granted, IR: foreign princes recognized in Russia, or Russians who received a princely title from foreign states, or natural princes of other countries who were allowed to use their title in Russia, RK: Russian-princely families, GDC: the princes of the Roman Empire (Holy Roman Empire of the Germanic nation) recognized in Russia, KP: Polish princely surnames, CT scan: "Tatar princes", i.e. descended from the Tatar Murzas, GK: Georgian (Caucasian) princely families, ranked among the Russian nobility after the entry of Georgia, Imereti, Guria, Kartalinia, Kakheti, Mingrelia, Abkhazia into the Russian Empire, recognized by decree of December 6, 1850 (in contrast to the few Russian-princely families of Georgian origin) ...

Graphs: PG: grants graphs, WG: Russian-count clans, IG: foreign counts recognized in Russia, or Russians who received a count's title from foreign states, GRI: Counts of the Roman Empire (Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation) recognized in Russia, GP: Polish county names, GF: Finnish counts' names.

Barons: PB: the bestowed barons, RB: Russian-baronial families, IB: foreign barons recognized in Russia, or Russians who received the baronial title from foreign states, BB: Baltic baronial families, included in the noble matrices before the annexation of the Baltic region to Russia, BRI: the barons of the Roman Empire (Holy Roman Empire of the Germanic nation) recognized in Russia, BP: Polish baronial surnames, Bf: Finnish baronial surnames.

IT : dukes, marquises, baronets, etc., that is, families granted titles that do not exist in Russia and / or officially received permission to use foreign titles that do not exist in Russian laws (which recognized only three titles - princes, counts and barons) ...

THERE WILL BE ABOUT 5,000 BIRTHS IN THE LIST, WHILE ONLY ABOUT 3700 BIRTHS ARE INCLUDED, AND THE LIST IS THEREFORE NOT COMPLETE!

The documentary film "Noble Families of Russia" is a story about the most famous noble families of Russia - the Gagarins, Golitsins, Apraksins, Yusupovs, Stroganovs. The nobles were originally in the service of the boyars and princes and replaced the warriors. For the first time in history, nobles are mentioned in 1174 and this is associated with the murder of Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky. Already from the XIV century, the nobles began to receive possession of the estate for their service. But unlike the boyar stratum, they could not pass on the land by inheritance. At the time of the creation and formation of a single state, the nobles became a reliable support for the great dukes. Beginning in the 15th century, their influence in the political and economic life of the country increased more and more. Gradually, the nobles merged with the boyars. The concept of "noblemen" began to denote the upper class of the population of Russia. The final differences between the nobility and the boyars disappeared at the beginning of the 18th century, when estates and estates were equated to each other.

Gagarins
Russian princely family, the ancestor of which, Prince Mikhail Ivanovich Golibesovsky, a descendant of the princes Starodubsky (XVIII tribes from Rurik), had five sons; of them, three elders, Vasily, Yuri and Ivan Mikhailovich, had the nickname Gagar and were the founders of the three branches of the Gagarin princes. The older branch, according to some researchers, ceased at the end of the 17th century; representatives of the latter two exist to this day. Princes Gagarins are recorded in the V part of the genealogical books of the provinces: Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Saratov, Simbirsk, Tver, Tambov, Vladimir, Moscow, Kherson and Kharkov.

Golitsyn
Russian princely family descended from the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas. The immediate ancestor of the family was Mikhail Ivanovich, nicknamed Golitsa, the son of the boyar Prince Ivan Vasilyevich Bulgak. In the 5th generation from the ancestor, the family of the princes Golitsyn divided into four branches, of which three still exist. From this kind there were 22 boyars, 3 okolnichi, 2 kravchi. According to the genealogy of the princes Golitsyn (see "The Family of Princes Golitsyn", op. Prince H. H. Golitsyn, St. Petersburg, 1892, vol. I) in 1891 there were 90 males, 49 princesses and 87 princesses Golitsyn alive. One branch of the Golitsyns, in the person of the Moscow Governor-General, Prince Dmitry Vladimirovich Golitsyn, received the title of lordship in 1841. The family of princes Golitsyn is included in the V part of the genealogy book of St. Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Kursk, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Smolensk, Tambov, Tula and Chernigov provinces (Gerbovnik, I, 2).

Apraksins
Russian noble and count family descending from Salkhomir-Murza. In the old days, they were written by the Opraxins. Salkhomir had a great-grandson, Andrei Ivanovich, by the nickname Opraks, from whom came the family, whose representatives were first written by the Opraxins, and then by the Apraksins. The grandchildren of Andrei Opraksa (Apraksa), Erofey Yarets and Prokofy Matveyevich, under the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, moved from Ryazan to serve in Moscow. From Erofei Matveyevich, nicknamed Yarets, a branch went, whose representatives were later elevated to the dignity of counts. From Erofei's brother, Ivan Matveyevich, nicknamed the Dark, another branch of the Apraksin family came. It included Stepan Fedorovich (1702-1760) and his son Stepan Stepanovich (1757 / 47-1827) Apraksins.

Yusupovs.
The extinct Russian princely family descended from Yusuf-Murza (died in 1556), the son of Musa-Murza, who in the third generation was a descendant of Edigei Mangit (1352-1419), the sovereign khan of the Nogai Horde and a military leader who was in the service of Tamerlane. Yusuf-Murza had two sons, Il-Murza and Ibrahim (Abrey), who were sent to Moscow by their father's killer, Uncle Ishmael, in 1565. Their descendants in the last years of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich received holy baptism and were written by the princes Yusupov or Yusupov-Knyazhevo until the end of the 18th century, and after that they began to be written simply by the princes Yusupov.

The Stroganovs.
A family of Russian merchants and industrialists, from which came the large landowners and statesmen of the 16th-20th centuries. Natives of the wealthy Pomor peasants. Since the 18th century - barons and counts of the Russian Empire. The trend in Russian icon painting of the late 16th - early 17th centuries (the Stroganov school of icon painting) and the best school of church facial sewing of the 17th century (Stroganov facial sewing), as well as the Stroganov trend of the Moscow baroque, are named after them. The Stroganov family originates from the Novgorodian Spiridon, a contemporary of Dmitry Donskoy (first mentioned in 1395), whose grandson owned land in the Dvina region. According to another version, not confirmed by anything, the surname allegedly comes from a Tatar who adopted the name Spiridon in Christianity.

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Since ancient times, the surname could change a person's life, it carried the entire history of the family and gave many privileges. People spent a lot of effort and money to have a good title, and sometimes sacrificed their lives for this. It was almost impossible for an ordinary citizen to be included in the list of nobles.

Types of titles

There were many titles in tsarist Russia, each of them had its own history and carried its own possibilities. All noble families followed the family tree and very carefully selected pairs for their family members. The marriage of two noble families was, rather, a deliberate calculation than a love relationship. Russian noble families kept together and did not allow members without a title into their families.

Such genera could include:

1. Princes.
2. Graphs.
3. Barons.
4. Kings.
5. Dukes.
6. Awnings.

Each of these clans had their own history and had their own family tree. It was strictly forbidden for a nobleman to create a family with a commoner. Thus, it was almost impossible for an ordinary ordinary resident of tsarist Russia to become a nobleman, except for very great achievements before the country.

Princes of Rurikovich

Princes are one of the highest titles of nobility. Members of such a family have always had a lot of land, finances and slaves. It was a great honor for a representative of the family to be at court and to help the ruler. Having shown himself, a member of the princely family could become a trusted special ruler. The famous noble families of Russia in most cases had a princely title. But the titles could be divided according to the methods of obtaining them.

One of the most famous princely families in Russia was the Rurikovich. The list of noble families begins with her. The Rurikovichs are natives of Ukraine and descendants of Igor's great Rus. The roots of many European rulers come from It is a strong dynasty that brought the world many famous rulers who were in power for a long time throughout Europe. But a series of historical events that took place at that time divided the family into many branches. Russian noble surnames such as Potocki, Przemyshl, Chernigov, Ryazan, Galitsk, Smolensk, Yaroslavl, Rostov, Belozersk, Suzdal, Smolensk, Moscow, Tver, Starodubsky belong to the Rurik family.

Other princely titles

In addition to the descendants of the Rurikovich family, noble families of Russia may be such as the Otyaevs. This clan received its title thanks to the good warrior Khvostov, who had the nickname Otyay in the army, and has been happening since one thousand five hundred and forty-three.

The Ofrosmovs are an example of a strong will and a great desire to achieve a goal. The founder of the family was a strong and courageous warrior.

The Pogozhevs are from Lithuania. Oratory and the ability to conduct military negotiations helped the founder of the family to obtain the princely title.

The list of noble families also includes the Pozharsky, Field, Pronchishchevs, Protopopovs, Tolstoy, Uvarovs.

Count titles

But surnames of noble origin are not only princes. Also, the county's dynasties had a high title and powers at the court. This title was also considered very high and gave many powers.

To receive the title of count was a great achievement for any member of the royal society. Such a title primarily made it possible to have power and be closer to the ruling dynasty. The noble families of Russia for the most part consist of counts. The easiest way to achieve this title was during successful military operations.

One of these surnames is Sheremetyev. This is a count family that still exists in our time. General of the army received this title for his achievements in the conduct of hostilities and service to the royal family.

Ivan Golovkin is the founder of another surname of noble origin. According to many sources, this is a count who appeared in Russia after the wedding of his only daughter. One of the few county families that ended up with a single member of the dynasty.

The noble family of Minich had many branches, and the main reason for this was the large number of women in this family. When they marry, Milich women took a double surname and mixed titles.

The courtiers received many counts' titles during the reign of Catherine Petrovna. She was a very generous queen and awarded titles to many of her military leaders. Thanks to her, such names as Efimovsky, Gendrikov, Chernyshev, Razumovsky, Ushakov and many others appeared on the list of nobles.

Barons at court

Famous noble families also had many bearers of the titles of the baron. Among them there are clan families and granted barons. This, like all other titles, could be obtained with good service. And of course, the simplest and most effective way was to conduct military operations for the homeland.

This title was very popular in the Middle Ages. The family title could be received by wealthy families who sponsored the royal family. This title appeared in the fifteenth century in Germany and, like everything new, gained great popularity. The royal family practically sold it to all wealthy families who had the opportunity to help and sponsor all the royal undertakings.

To bring rich families closer to him, he introduced a new title - baron. One of the first owners of this title was the banker de Smith. Thanks to banking and trade, this family earned its finances and was raised by Peter to the rank of barons.

Russian noble families with the title of baron were also replenished with the surname Friedrix. Like de Smith, Yuri Friedricks was a good banker who lived and worked at the royal court for a long time. Born into a titled family, Yuri also received the title under tsarist Russia.

In addition to them, there were a number of surnames with the title of baron, information about which was stored in military documents. These are warriors who have earned their titles by actively participating in hostilities. Thus, the noble families of Russia were replenished with such members as: Baron Plotto, Baron von Rummel, Baron von Malam, Baron Ustinov and the family of brothers of Barons Schmidt. Most of them were from European countries and came to Russia on business.

Royal families

But not only titled families are included in the list of noble families. Russian noble families were headed by the royal families for many years.

One of the most ancient royal families in Russia was the Godunovs. This is a royal family that was in power for many years. The first of this family was Tsarina Godunova, who formally ruled the country for only a few days. She renounced the throne and decided to spend her life in a monastery.

The next, no less famous surname of the tsarist Russian family is the Shuisky. This dynasty spent a little time in power, but entered the list of noble families in Russia.

The great Queen Skavronskaya, better known as Catherine the First, also became the founder of the royal family dynasty. Do not forget about such a royal dynasty as Biron.

Dukes at court

Russian noble families also have the title of dukes. Getting the title of duke was not easy. Basically, these clans were very rich and ancient families of tsarist Russia.

The owners of the title duke in Russia were the Chertozhansk family. The genus existed for many centuries and was engaged in agriculture. They were a very wealthy family with many lands.

Duke of Nesvizh is the founder of the eponymous town of Nesvizh. There are many versions of the origin of this family. The Duke was a great connoisseur of art. His castles were the most wonderful and beautiful buildings of that time. Possessing large lands, the duke had the opportunity to help tsarist Russia.

Menshikov is another of the famous ducal surnames in Russia. Menshikov was not just a duke, he was a famous military leader, army general and governor of St. Petersburg. He received his title for achievement and service to the royal crown.

Title of marquis

The title of marquis in tsarist Russia was mainly received by wealthy families with foreign origins. It was an opportunity to add foreign capital to the country. One of the most famous surnames was Traverse. This is an ancient French family, representatives of which were at the royal court.

Among the Italian marquises was the Paulucci family. Having received the title of Marquis, the family remained in Russia. Another Italian family received the title of Marquis at the royal court of Russia - Albizzi. This is one of the richest Tuscan families. They earned all their income from the business of manufacturing fabrics.

The meaning and privileges of the title

For courtiers, having a title provided many opportunities and wealth. Upon receipt of the title, this often carried with it lavish gifts from the crown. Often these gifts were land and wealth. The royal family gave such gifts for special achievements.

For wealthy families who earned their wealth on the generous Russian land, it was very important to have a good title, for this they financed the royal undertakings, which bought their family a high title and a good attitude. In addition, only titled families could be close to the royal family and participate in the rule of the country.

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