Russian storytellers and their works. Famous storytellers

Hans Christian Andersen

Danish prose writer and poet, author of world-famous fairy tales for children and adults: “The Ugly Duckling”, “The King’s New Clothes”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “The Princess and the Pea”, “ Ole Lukoje», « The Snow Queen"and many others. Despite the fact that Hans Christian Andersen is one of the best storytellers, he had a very bad character. In Denmark there is a legend about Andersen's royal origin.

In Denmark there is a legend about Andersen's royal origin

This is due to the fact that in his early autobiography the author himself wrote about how as a child he played with Prince Frits, later King Frederick VII, and he had no friends among the street boys. Only the prince. Andersen’s friendship with Frits, according to the storyteller’s fantasy, continued into adulthood, until the latter’s death, and, according to the writer himself, he was the only one, with the exception of relatives, who was allowed to visit the coffin of the deceased.

Charles Perrault

Few people know that Perrault was an academician of the French Academy, author of famous scientific works. But worldwide fame and the recognition of his descendants was brought to him not by serious books, but wonderful tales“Cinderella”, “Puss in Boots”, “Bluebeard”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Sleeping Beauty”.

Perrault was an academician of the French Academy, the author of scientific works

Perrault published his fairy tales not under own name, and under the name of his 19-year-old son Perrault d’Armancourt, apparently trying to protect his already established literary reputation from accusations of working with the “low” genre of fairy tales.

Brothers Grimm

Brothers Grimm: Jacob and Wilhelm - explorers of German folk culture and storytellers. They were born in the city of Hanau. For a long time lived in the city of Kassel. ANDstudied the grammar of Germanic languages, the history of law and mythology. The fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm are known all over the world. They collected folklore and published several collections called Grimm's Fairy Tales, which became very popular. At the end of their lives, they began creating the first dictionary of the German language.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov

In 1939, a collection of Bazhov’s tales “ Malachite Box»

He was born in the city of Sysert, Yekaterinburg district, Perm province. He graduated from the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and later from the Perm Theological Seminary. He worked as a teacher, political worker, journalist and editor of Ural newspapers. In 1939, a collection of Bazhov’s tales “The Malachite Box” was published.In 1944, “The Malachite Box” was translated into English and published in London and New York, then in Prague, and in 1947 in Paris. Translated into German, Hungarian, Romanian, Chinese, Japanese languages. In total, according to the library. Lenin, - into 100 languages ​​of the world.

Astrid Lindgren

Lindgren's fairy-tale works are close to folk art; in them there is a tangible connection between fantasy and the truth of life.Author of a number of worldwide famous books for children, including "Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof"and tetralogies about« Pippi Long stocking » . In Russian, her books became known and very popular thanks to translationLilianna Lungina.

Lindgren dedicated almost all of her books to children. “I have not written books for adults and I think that I will never do so,” Astrid stated decisively. She, along with the heroes of the books, taught children that “If you don’t live according to habit, your whole life will be a day!”

The writer herself always called her childhood happy (there were many games and adventures in it, interspersed with work on the farm and in its environs) and pointed out that it served as a source of inspiration for her work.

Rudyard Kipling

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Heborn in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England; he later called those years “years of suffering”. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded Nobel Prize— and to this day he remains the youngest writer laureate in his category.

Kipling's most famous children's book is The Jungle Book.

Kipling’s most famous children’s book is, of course, “The Jungle Book”, the main character of which is the boy Mowgli. It is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: “The cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get its hump?”, “How the leopard got his spots,” they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

Literary author's fairy tale- probably one of the most popular genres of our time. Interest in such works is inexhaustible both among children and among their parents, and Russian fairy tale writers have made a worthy contribution to the common creative cause. It should be remembered that a literary fairy tale differs from folklore according to several parameters. First of all, because it has a specific author. There are also differences in the way the material is conveyed and the clear use of plots and images to suggest that this genre has the right to complete independence.

Poetic tales of Pushkin

If you compile a list of fairy tales by Russian writers, it will take more than one sheet of paper. Moreover, works were written not only in prose, but also in poetry. Here a shining example A. Pushkin, who initially did not plan to compose children's works, can serve as a reference. But after a while, the poetic works “About Tsar Saltan”, “About the priest and his worker Balda”, “About dead princess and the Seven Bogatyrs,” “About the Golden Cockerel” added to the list of fairy tales by Russian writers. A simple and figurative form of presentation, memorable images, vivid plots - all this is characteristic of the work of the great poet. And these works are still included in the treasury

Continuation of the list

The literary tales of the period under review include some other, no less famous ones. Russian fairy tale writers: Zhukovsky ("The War of Mice and Frogs"), Ershov ("The Little Humpbacked Horse"), Aksakov ("The Scarlet Flower") - made their worthy contribution to the development of the genre. And the great collector of folklore and interpreter of the Russian language Dal also wrote a certain number fairy tales. Among them: “The Crow”, “The Snow Maiden Girl”, “About the Woodpecker” and others. You can recall other fairy tales by famous Russian writers: “The Wind and the Sun”, “The Blind Horse”, “The Fox and the Goat” by Ushinsky, “The Black Hen, or Underground inhabitants"Pogorelsky, "The Frog Traveler", "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose" by Garshin, " Wild landowner», « The wise minnow» Saltykova-Shchedrin. Of course, this is not a complete list.

Russian fairy tale writers

Leo Tolstoy, Paustovsky, Mamin-Sibiryak, Gorky, and many others wrote literary fairy tales. Among especially outstanding works One can note the “Golden Key” by Tolstoy Alexey. The work was planned as a free retelling of “Pinocchio” by Carlo Collodi. But here is the case when the alteration surpassed the original - this is how many Russian-speaking critics evaluate the writer’s work. The wooden boy Pinocchio, familiar to everyone since childhood, won the hearts of little readers and their parents for a long time with his spontaneity and brave heart. We all remember Buratino’s friends: Malvina, Artemon, Pierrot. And his enemies: the evil Karabas and the nasty Duremar, and the fox Alice. Vivid images the characters are so unique and original, recognizable that, once you read Tolstoy’s work, you remember them for the rest of your life.

Revolutionary tales

One of them can be confidently included the creation of Yuri Olesha “Three Fat Men”. In this tale, the author reveals the theme of class struggle against the backdrop of such eternal values, like friendship, mutual assistance; The characters of the heroes are distinguished by courage and revolutionary impulse. And Arkady Gaidar’s work “Malchish-Kibalchish” tells about a difficult period for the formation of the Soviet state - civil war. Malchish is a bright, memorable symbol of that era of struggle for revolutionary ideals. It is no coincidence that these images were subsequently used by other authors, for example, in the works of Joseph Kurlat, who revived light image hero.

These authors include those who gave literature such fairy tales and plays as “ Naked King", "Shadow" - based on the works of Andersen. And his original creations “Dragon” and “Ordinary Miracle” (at first prohibited from production) were forever included in the treasury of Soviet literature.

The poetic works of the genre also include the fairy tales of Korney Chukovsky: “The Tsokotukha Fly”, “Moidodyr”, “Barmaley”, “Aibolit”, “Cockroach”. To this day, they are the most widely read poetic fairy tales in Russia for children of all ages. Instructive and daring, brave and monstrous images and characters of the heroes are recognizable from the first lines. What about Marshak’s poems and Kharms’ delightful creativity? What about Zakhoder, Moritz and Kurlat? It is impossible to list them all in this rather short article.

Modern evolution of the genre

You could say that the genre literary fairy tale evolved from folklore, in a sense exploiting its plots and characters. So today, many Russian fairy tale writers are evolving into science fiction writers, giving birth to good works in the fashionable fantasy style. Such authors probably include Yemets, Gromyko, Lukyanenko, Fry, Oldie and many others. This is a worthy successor to previous generations of authors of literary fairy tales.

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

More than one generation of people has grown up with the works of the Danish writer, storyteller and playwright. WITH early childhood Hans was a visionary and a dreamer, he adored puppet theaters and began writing poetry early. His father died when Hans was not even ten years old, the boy worked as an apprentice at a tailor, then at a cigarette factory, and at the age of 14 he was already playing minor roles at the Royal Theater in Copenhagen. Andersen wrote his first play at the age of 15, she enjoyed great success, in 1835 his first book of fairy tales was published, which many children and adults read with delight to this day. The most famous of his works are “Flint”, “Thumbelina”, “The Little Mermaid”, “The Steadfast Tin Soldier”, “The Snow Queen”, “ ugly duck", "The Princess and the Pea" and many others.

Charles Perrault (1628-1703)

The French writer-storyteller, critic and poet was an exemplary excellent student as a child. He received a good education, made a career as a lawyer and writer, he was admitted to the French Academy, and wrote many scientific works. He published his first book of fairy tales under a pseudonym - the name of his eldest son was indicated on the cover, since Perrault feared that his reputation as a storyteller could harm his career. In 1697, his collection “Tales of Mother Goose” was published, which brought Perrault world fame. Based on the plot of his fairy tales famous ballets and opera works. As for the most famous works, few people did not read in childhood about Puss in Boots, Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, Little Red Riding Hood, Gingerbread House, Thumb, Bluebeard.

Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837)

Not only the poems and verses of the great poet and playwright enjoy the well-deserved love of people, but also wonderful fairy tales in verse.

Alexander Pushkin began writing his poetry in early childhood, he received a good education at home, graduated from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum (privileged educational institution), was friends with other famous poets, including the “Decembrists”. The poet’s life had both periods of ups and downs and tragic events: accusations of freethinking, misunderstanding and condemnation of the authorities, and finally, a fatal duel, as a result of which Pushkin received a mortal wound and died at the age of 38. But his legacy remains: the last fairy tale written by the poet was “The Tale of the Golden Cockerel.” Also known are “The Tale of Tsar Saltan”, “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Knights”, “The Tale of the Priest and the Worker Balda”.

Brothers Grimm: Wilhelm (1786-1859), Jacob (1785-1863)

Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were inseparable from their youth until their graves: they were bound by common interests and common adventures. Wilhelm Grimm grew up as a sickly and weak boy, only in mature age his health more or less returned to normal, Jacob always supported his brother. The Brothers Grimm were not only experts in German folklore, but also linguists, lawyers, and scientists. One brother chose the path of a philologist, studying ancient German literature, the other became a scientist. World fame It was fairy tales that were brought to the brothers, although some works are considered “not for children.” The most famous are “Snow White and the Scarlet Flower”, “Straw, Ember and Bean”, “Bremen Street Musicians”, “The Brave Little Tailor”, “The Wolf and the Seven Little Goats”, “Hansel and Gretel” and others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov (1879-1950)

Russian writer and folklorist, the first to perform literary treatment Ural legends, left us an invaluable heritage. He was born into a simple working-class family, but this did not stop him from finishing seminary and becoming a teacher of the Russian language. In 1918, he volunteered for the front, and when he returned, he decided to turn to journalism. Only on the occasion of the author’s 60th birthday was the collection of short stories “The Malachite Box” published, which Bazhov brought people's love. It is interesting that fairy tales are written in the form of legends: folk speech, folklore images make each piece special. The most famous fairy tales: “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “ Silver hoof", "Malachite Box", "Two Lizards", "Golden Hair", "Stone Flower".

Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)

Famous writer, poet and reformer. Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay (India), at the age of 6 he was brought to England; he later called those years “years of suffering”, because the people who raised him turned out to be cruel and indifferent. Future writer received his education, returned to India, and then went on a journey, visiting many countries in Asia and America. When the writer was 42 years old, he was awarded the Nobel Prize - and to this day he remains the youngest writer laureate in his category. Kipling's most famous children's book is, of course, “The Jungle Book”, the main character of which is the boy Mowgli. It is also very interesting to read other fairy tales: “The cat that walks by itself”, “Where does a camel get its hump?”, “How the leopard got his spots,” they all tell about distant lands and are very interesting.

Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (1776-1822)

Hoffmann was a very versatile and talented man: composer, artist, writer, storyteller. He was born in Koeningsberg, when he was 3 years old, his parents separated: his older brother left with his father, and Ernst stayed with his mother; Hoffmann never saw his brother again. Ernst was always a mischief-maker and a dreamer; he was often called a “troublemaker.” It’s interesting that there was a women’s boarding house next to the house where the Hoffmanns lived, and Ernst liked one of the girls so much that he even started digging a tunnel to get to know her. When the hole was almost ready, my uncle found out about it and ordered the passage to be filled up. Hoffmann always dreamed that after his death a memory of him would remain - and so it happened; his fairy tales are read to this day: the most famous are “The Golden Pot”, “The Nutcracker”, “Little Tsakhes, nicknamed Zinnober” and others.

Alan Milne (1882-1856)

Who among us does not know a funny bear with sawdust in his head - Winnie the Pooh and his funny friends? – the author of these funny tales and is Alan Milne. The writer spent his childhood in London, he was wonderful educated person, then served in the Royal Army. The first tales about the bear were written in 1926. Interestingly, Alan did not read his works to his own son Christopher, preferring to raise him on more serious literary stories. Christopher read his father's fairy tales as an adult. The books have been translated into 25 languages ​​and are very popular in many countries around the world. In addition to stories about Winnie the Pooh the fairy tales “Princess Nesmeyana”, “Ordinary Fairy Tale”, “Prince Rabbit” and others are known.

Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945)

Alexei Tolstoy wrote in many genres and styles, received the title of academician, and was a war correspondent during the war. As a child, Alexey lived on the Sosnovka farm in his stepfather's house (his mother left his father, Count Tolstoy, while pregnant). Tolstoy spent several years abroad, studying the literature and folklore of different countries: this is how the idea arose to rewrite it in new way fairy tale "Pinocchio". In 1935, his book “The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio” was published. Alexey Tolstoy also released 2 collections of his own fairy tales, called “Mermaid Tales” and “ Magpie Tales" The most famous “adult” works are “Walking in Torment”, “Aelita”, “Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin”.

Alexander Nikolaevich Afanasyev (1826-1871)

This is an outstanding folklorist and historian, who has been interested in folk art and explored it. He first worked as a journalist in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at which time he began his research. Afanasyev is considered one of the most outstanding scientists of the 20th century, his collection of Russian folk tales is the only collection of Russian East Slavic tales that can be called “ folk book“, after all, more than one generation has grown up with them. The first publication dates back to 1855, since then the book has been reprinted several times.

Fairy tales accompany our lives from the cradle. Children do not yet know how to talk, but mothers and fathers, grandparents are already beginning to communicate with them through fairy tales. The child does not yet understand a word, but listens to the intonation of his native voice and smiles. There is so much kindness, love, and sincerity in fairy tales that it is understandable without any words.

Storytellers have been revered in Rus' since ancient times. After all, thanks to them, life, often gray and miserable, was painted in bright colors. The fairy tale gave hope and faith in miracles and made children happy.

I would like to know who these wizards are who can cure melancholy and boredom with words, and ward off grief and misfortune. Let's meet some of them?

Creator of Flower City

Nikolai Nikolaevich Nosov first wrote works by hand, then typed them. He had no assistants or secretaries; he did everything himself.

Who hasn’t heard at least once in their life about such a bright and controversial character as Dunno? Nikolai Nikolaevich Nosov is the creator of this interesting and cute little guy.

The author of the wonderful Flower City, where every street was named after a flower, was born in 1908 in Kyiv. The father of the future writer was pop singer, And a little boy I enthusiastically went to my beloved dad’s concerts. Everyone around predicted a singing future for little Kolya.

But all the boy’s interest faded away after they bought him the long-awaited violin that he had been asking for for so long. Soon the violin was abandoned. But Kolya was always interested in something and was interested in something. He was equally passionate about music, chess, photography, chemistry, and electrical engineering. Everything in this world was interesting to him, which was later reflected in his work.

The first fairy tales he composed were exclusively for his little son. He composed for his son Petya and his friends, and saw a response in their children's hearts. He realized that this was his destiny.

The creation of our favorite character Dunno Nosov was inspired by the writer Anna Khvolson. It is among her little forest people that the name Dunno is found. But only the name was borrowed from Khvolson. Otherwise, Dunno Nosova is unique. There is something of Nosov himself in him, namely, a love of wide-brimmed hats and brightness of thinking.

“Chebureks... Cheboksary... But there is no Cheburashka!...

Eduard Uspensky, photo: daily.afisha.ru

The author of the unknown animal Cheburashka, so beloved throughout the world, Uspensky Eduard Nikolaevich, was born on December 22, 1937 in the city of Yegoryevsk, Moscow region. His love for writing manifested itself already in student years. His first book, Uncle Fyodor, Dog and Cat, was published in 1974. The idea for this fairy tale came to him while working as a librarian at a children's camp.

Initially, in the book, Uncle Fyodor was supposed to be an adult forester. He had to live with a dog and a cat in the forest. But not less famous writer Boris Zakhoder suggested that Eduard Uspensky make his character a little boy. The book was rewritten, but many adult traits in the character of Uncle Fyodor remained.

An interesting moment is observed in chapter 8 of the book about Uncle Fyodor, where Pechkin signs: “Goodbye. Postman of the village of Prostokvashino, Mozhaisk district, Pechkin.” This refers, most likely, to the Mozhaisky district of the Moscow region. In fact locality with the name “Prostokvashino” is only available in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The cartoon about the cat Matroskin, the dog Sharik, their owner Uncle Fyodor and the mischievous postman Pechkin also became very popular. Another interesting thing about the cartoon is that the image of Matroskin was drawn after the animator Marina Voskanyants heard the voice of Oleg Tabakov.

Another cute and cute character of Eduard Uspensky, who became loved all over the world thanks to his charm, is Cheburashka.

Invented almost half a century ago by Uspensky, Cheburashka still does not lose its relevance - for example, recently the Federation Council proposed naming the Russian Internet, closed from outside world

This awkward name appeared thanks to the author’s friends, who called their clumsy daughter, who was just starting to walk, that way. The story of the box with oranges in which Cheburashka was found is also taken from life. Once Eduard Nikolaevich in the Odessa port saw a huge chameleon in a box with bananas.

The writer is a national hero of Japan, thanks to Cheburashka, who is very loved in this country. The interesting thing is that in different countries differently relate to the author's characters, but without a doubt they are loved by everyone. For example, the Finns are very sympathetic to Uncle Fyodor, in America they adore the old woman Shapoklyak, but the Japanese are completely in love with Cheburashka. There are no people in the world who are indifferent to the storyteller Uspensky.

Schwartz as an ordinary miracle

Generations grew up on Schwartz's fairy tales - "The Tale of Lost Time", "Cinderella", "An Ordinary Miracle". And Don Quixote, directed by Kozintsev from a script by Schwartz, is still considered an unsurpassed adaptation of the great Spanish novel.

Evgeny Schwartz

Evgeny Schwartz was born into an intelligent and wealthy family of an Orthodox Jewish doctor and midwife. From early childhood, Zhenya constantly moved with his parents from one city to another. And finally, they settled in the city of Maykop. These moves were a kind of exile revolutionary activity father of Evgeny Schwartz.

In 1914, Evgeniy entered the law faculty of Moscow University, but after 2 years he realized that this was not his path. He was always attracted by literature and art.

In 1917, he was drafted into the army, where he received a shell shock, which is why his hands trembled all his life.

After demobilization from the army, Evgeny Schwartz devoted himself entirely to creativity. In 1925, he published his first book of fairy tales, which was called “Stories of the Old Balalaika.” Despite great censorship oversight, the book was a great success. This circumstance inspired the author.

Inspired, he wrote a fairy-tale play “Underwood”, which was staged at the Leningrad Youth Theater. His subsequent plays, “Islands 5K” and “Treasure,” were also staged there. And in 1934, Schwartz became a member of the USSR Writers' Union.

But in Stalin’s times, his plays were no longer performed; they were seen as having political overtones and satire. The writer was very worried about this.

Amazing stories, beautiful and mysterious, full of extraordinary events and adventures, are familiar to everyone - both old and young. Who among us did not empathize with Ivan Tsarevich when he fought with the Serpent Gorynych? Didn’t you admire Vasilisa the Wise, who defeated Baba Yaga?

Creation of a separate genre

Heroes who have not lost their popularity for centuries are known to almost everyone. They came to us from fairy tales. No one knows when and how the first fairy tale appeared. But since time immemorial, they have been passed down from generation to generation fairy tales, which over time acquired new miracles, events, and heroes.

Charm old stories, fictional, but full of meaning, was felt by A. S. Pushkin with all his soul. He was the first to bring a fairy tale out of second-rate literature, which made it possible to highlight Russian fairy tales folk writers into an independent genre.

Thanks to their imagery, logical plots and figurative language, fairy tales have become a popular teaching tool. Not all of them are educational and training in nature. Many perform only an entertainment function, but, nevertheless, the main features of a fairy tale as a separate genre are:

• installation on fiction;
• special compositional and stylistic techniques;
• targeting a children's audience;
• combination of educational, educational and entertainment functions;
• the existence in the minds of readers of bright prototypical images.

The genre of fairy tales is very wide. This includes folk tales and author's, poetic and prose, instructive and entertaining, simple single-plot fairy tales and complex multi-plot works.

Fairy tale writers of the 19th century

Russian fairy tale writers have created a real treasury amazing stories. Starting from A.S. Pushkin, fairy tale threads reached out to the works of many Russian writers. At the origins fairy tale genre literature stood:

• Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin;
• Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov;
• Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov;
• Sergey Timofeevich Aksakov;
• Vladimir Ivanovich Dal;
• Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky;
• Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky;
• Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky;
• Mikhail Larionovich Mikhailov;
• Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov;
• Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin;
• Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin;
• Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy;
• Nikolai Georgievich Garin-Mikhailovsky;
• Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak.

Let's take a closer look at their work.

Tales of Pushkin

The great poet’s turn to fairy tales was natural. He heard them from his grandmother, from the servant, from his nanny Arina Rodionovna. Experiencing deep impressions folk poetry, Pushkin wrote: “What a delight these fairy tales are!” In his works, the poet widely uses folk speech, putting them into artistic form.

The talented poet combined in his tales the life and customs of Russian society of that time and the wonderful Magic world. His magnificent tales are written in simple, lively language and are easy to remember. And, like many fairy tales of Russian writers, they perfectly reveal the conflict of light and darkness, good and evil.

The tale of Tsar Saltan ends with a cheerful feast glorifying goodness. The tale of the priest makes fun of church ministers, the tale of the fisherman and the fish shows what greed can lead to, the tale of the dead princess tells of envy and anger. In Pushkin's fairy tales, as in many folk tales, good triumphs over evil.

Writers and storytellers contemporaries of Pushkin

V. A. Zhukovsky was a friend of Pushkin. As he writes in his memoirs, Alexander Sergeevich, fascinated by fairy tales, offered him a poetry tournament on the theme of Russian fairy tales. Zhukovsky accepted the challenge and wrote tales about Tsar Berendey, Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf.

He liked working on fairy tales, and over the next few years he wrote several more: “The Little Thumb Boy,” “The Sleeping Princess,” “The War of Mice and Frogs.”

Russian fairy tale writers introduced their readers to the wonderful stories of foreign literature. Zhukovsky was the first translator of foreign fairy tales. He translated and retold in verse the story of “Nal and Damayanti” and the fairy tale “Puss in Boots.”

An enthusiastic fan of A.S. Pushkin M.Yu. Lermontov wrote the fairy tale “Ashik-Kerib”. She was known in Central Asia, in the Middle East and Transcaucasia. The poet translated it into poetry, and translated each unfamiliar word so that it became understandable to Russian readers. Beautiful oriental tale turned into a magnificent creation of Russian literature.

The young poet P. P. Ershov also brilliantly put folk tales into poetic form. In his first fairy tale, “The Little Humpbacked Horse,” his imitation of his great contemporary is clearly visible. The work was published during Pushkin’s lifetime, and the young poet earned the praise of his famous fellow writer.

Tales with national flavor

Being a contemporary of Pushkin, S.T. Aksakov began writing at a late age. At the age of sixty-three, he began writing a biography book, the appendix of which was the work “The Scarlet Flower.” Like many Russian fairy tale writers, he revealed to readers a story he heard in childhood.

Aksakov tried to maintain the style of the work in the manner of the housekeeper Pelageya. The original dialect is palpable throughout the work, which didn’t hurt “ To the scarlet flower"become one of the most beloved children's fairy tales.

The rich and lively speech of Pushkin’s fairy tales could not help but captivate the great expert on the Russian language, V. I. Dahl. The linguist-philologist tried to preserve the charm of everyday speech in his fairy tales, to introduce meaning and morality folk proverbs and proverbs. These are the fairy tales “The Bear-Half-Maker”, “The Little Fox”, “The Girl Snow Maiden”, “The Crow”, “The Picky One”.

"New" fairy tales

V.F. Odoevsky is a contemporary of Pushkin, one of the first to write fairy tales for children, which was very rare. His fairy tale “The City in a Snuffbox” is the first work of this genre in which a different life was recreated. Almost all fairy tales told about peasant life, which Russian fairy tale writers tried to convey. In this work, the author talked about the life of a boy from prosperous family living in abundance.

“About the Four Deaf People” is a fairy tale-parable borrowed from Indian folklore. The writer’s most famous fairy tale, “Moroz Ivanovich,” is completely borrowed from Russian folk tales. But the author brought novelty to both works - he talked about the life of a city home and family, and included children in boarding schools and schools in the canvas.

The fairy tale by A. A. Perovsky “The Black Hen” was written by the author for his nephew Alyosha. Perhaps this explains the excessive instructiveness of the work. Need to mark, fabulous lessons did not pass without a trace and had a beneficial effect on his nephew Alexei Tolstoy, who later became a famous prose writer and playwright. This author penned the fairy tale “Lafertovskaya Poppy Plant”, which was highly appreciated by A. S. Pushkin.

Didactics is clearly visible in the works of K. D. Ushinsky, the great teacher-reformer. But the moral of his tales is unobtrusive. They wake you up good feelings: loyalty, sympathy, nobility, justice. These include fairy tales: “Mice”, “Fox Patrikeevna”, “Fox and Geese”, “Crow and Crayfish”, “Kids and the Wolf”.

Other 19th century tales

Like all literature in general, fairy tales could not help but tell about the liberation struggle and revolutionary movement 70s of the XIX century. These include the tales of M.L. Mikhailova: “Forest Mansions”, “Dumas”. He also shows the suffering and tragedy of the people in his fairy tales. famous poet ON THE. Nekrasov. Satirist M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in his works exposed the essence of landowner hatred towards to the common people, spoke about the oppression of peasants.

V. M. Garshin touched upon the pressing problems of his time in his tales. The writer’s most famous fairy tales are “The Frog Traveler” and “About the Toad and the Rose”.

L.N. wrote many fairy tales. Tolstoy. The first of them were created for school. Tolstoy wrote short fairy tales, parables and fables. Great connoisseur human souls Lev Nikolaevich in his works called for conscience and honest work. The writer criticized social inequality and unjust laws.

N.G. Garin-Mikhailovsky wrote works in which the approach of social upheaval is clearly felt. These are the fairy tales “Three Brothers” and “Volmai”. Garin visited many countries of the world and, of course, this was reflected in his work. While traveling throughout Korea, he recorded more than a hundred Korean fairy tales, myths and legends.

Writer D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak joined the ranks of glorious Russian storytellers with such wonderful works as “The Gray Neck”, the collection “Alenushka’s Tales”, and the fairy tale “About Tsar Pea”.

Later fairy tales of Russian writers also made a significant contribution to this genre. List wonderful works The twentieth century is very great. But fairy tales XIX centuries will forever remain an example of classic fairy-tale literature.