Means of medical protection. Collective and individual means of medical protection

Nowadays, there is a difficult and even dangerous ecological situation for health, so it becomes simply necessary to protect the health of both your own and your loved ones. To do this, there is a whole range of measures designed for the effective use of medical protection. They are necessary to prevent and reduce the negative impact of hazardous substances on the body of citizens and to provide medical assistance in emergency situations. It should be noted that all medical means of protecting the population are divided into classes and types. Let's take a closer look at the classification and find out how you can protect your health with their help.

Classification and required application

According to their application, protective equipment is divided into:

• Protective drugs used in radiation accidents.
• Means of medical protection, which is effective during chemical accidents and domestic poisoning with poisonous and toxic substances.
• Substances that are used to destroy infectious diseases and are used during epidemics.
• Means that are used to remove and destroy toxic and harmful chemicals from open areas.

Medical protective equipment includes overalls and These are the simplest means of protection that can reliably protect a medical worker during the performance of his duties. However, in more complex situations or disasters, it is necessary to take a more serious approach to the issue of personal protection of employees who provide first aid to victims or are directly involved in eliminating the negative consequences of infection with viruses and bacteria. Also, such a first-aid kit can help with various poisonings both in the domestic sphere and at a higher organizational level. For example, such kits are widely used in the army.

Types and features of protective equipment

There are several types of medical protective equipment that are effectively used depending on the situation and the degree of risk to the health and life of people. First of all, medical workers and rescue workers are provided with protective equipment. Personal protective equipment for medical workers, depending on the situation, can be standard or enhanced. The standard set of protective equipment for health workers includes an individual first aid kit and special clothing. For more difficult situations where there is a threat of an epidemic, a reinforced set of special clothes, shoes, improvised means and accessories is issued. The most common of the accessories are special protective masks, gloves, hoods and others.

Protective equipment for medical personnel

Let's take a closer look at the means of protecting medical personnel. First of all, all medical workers are provided with overalls that can protect them from splashes of blood, biological substances or toxic substances. Health workers are required to maintain personal hygiene, as well as wear personal protective equipment. Let's now look at them in more detail. Personal protective equipment includes:

• used to protect exposed areas of the hands. It should be noted that for work in conditions with increased danger, it is necessary to use two pairs of gloves at the same time.
• Protective goggles, masks or special screens for emergency medical care.
• Magnet for picking up fallen needles from the floor.
• Adhesive plaster or fingertips for treating cuts or scrapes.
• Surgical gowns and laboratory suits.

Health workers very often feel the influence of toxic substances contained in various disinfection solutions, modern detergents and room disinfectants. An ordinary fabric or gauze mask will protect against them, but in our time their effectiveness raises some doubts. It is much safer today to use disposable masks made of non-woven materials, which serve as excellent protection against airborne toxic substances and do not impede the process of human breathing.

Overalls of medical personnel

Personal protective equipment also includes personnel overalls. It is washed and disinfected in the laundry with the help of special products and solutions. In each of them, medical skin protection products must be available. It is absolutely unacceptable for medical workers to work without protection, and also to wash their uniforms at home.

Medical personal protective equipment, their varieties and purpose

It's no secret that employees of health care institutions put their lives in great danger every day, therefore, personal protective equipment for medical workers has been specially developed for them, which can very effectively help staff save not only health, but sometimes their own lives. At their workplace, they are forced to come into contact with sick patients, be at risk of contracting infections, and work with sometimes dangerous and toxic substances. The use of medical protective equipment plays a big role in this. How, in such difficult conditions, to protect yourself and reduce the negative impact on your body? Of course, you should use the means of medical protection. This method can really save the health worker during the performance of his duties.

So, what is meant by the expression "means of medical protection"? What is meant by its benefits and necessity? What classes do they have?

We are interested in personal protective equipment that is responsible for the safety of the health worker. These include: special means for disinfection and disinfection, medical preparations and materials, first aid kit, special clothing and accessories.

And now we need to pay tribute to the health care system in our country. Today, our medical institutions are fully equipped with personal protective equipment for medical workers, as well as facilities for disinfection, cleaning and disinfection of premises. Means for special treatment of medical instruments and devices. All employees of polyclinics and mobile ambulance teams are fully equipped with modern first aid kits to provide first aid to the victims.

Rules for working with a first aid kit

At the moment when the personnel receives personal protective equipment, everyone must check the contents of the first-aid kit issued to him, read the instructions and study the rules of use. For security reasons, it is absolutely not recommended to open the first-aid kit without special need, move and open the cases where the tablets are stored. It is strictly forbidden to open or violate the integrity and tightness of packages with and packaging of chemical protection. The main functions of an individual first aid kit:

• Carrying out activities of mutual assistance.
• Help the victim with various kinds of injuries.
• Assistance during fracture, dislocation and other injuries.
• Help with severe intoxication or chemical poisoning.
• Damage by radioactive substances.

The first-aid kit is a red plastic case of a rectangular shape, where all the necessary medicines and related products are located. The weight of the first aid kit is 130 grams. All drugs are in plastic containers and are located in special niches. They are also called "pharmacy nests". In the bag, in addition to medications, there is also an individual anti-chemical package and dressing materials. All medical protective equipment located here is intended for urgent medical measures.

Purpose and application of the anti-chemical package

An individual anti-chemical package contains a vial with a polydegassing liquid and a set of wipes. These items contribute to the effective disinfection of the skin, clothing items of citizens at least 7 years old. It should be remembered that the liquid in the package is poisonous, it must be handled very carefully and try not to get it into the eyes and mucous membranes. Materials from such a package can also be used during bacteriological processing.

Ways to use dressing materials

The dressing bag is equipped with a sterile bandage with two antiseptic pads. It is used to bandage the victim in case of wounds, to stop bleeding from wounds. Also, a detailed instruction is attached to the package, which indicates the rules for using all materials.

The main rule in working with a dressing bag is to maintain sterility, as the materials will come into contact with open wounds.

Collective medical protective equipment and their use

Everything is clear with personal medical protective equipment: they include means that are required not only to ensure the safety of a medical worker, but also to help him fully provide assistance to the victims, to carry out the full range of necessary medical measures. But what about the second type of medical protection? What does it include, and how effective are they in application? Under what circumstances should they be used? Let's figure out what collective medical protective equipment is and what is their task? In what situations should they be used, and what is a means of medical protection for a large number of people?

Collective medical means of protection and prevention include the provision of first aid to victims of mass poisoning with toxins and chemicals, vaccination, inoculations and other preventive measures, the purpose of which is to prevent the spread of the epidemic, mass chemical and radiation poisoning, and the implementation of measures related to viral quarantine. This also includes measures for the complete destruction of harmful and toxic substances, and disinfection.

During the mass threat of an epidemic, medical assistance is provided to the victims by employees of the Department of Disaster Medicine. On the spot, the injured person can carry out a set of measures to stop bleeding, treat and apply dressings on wounds and burns received as a result of an emergency. Victims who have received fractures can be given first aid in the form of a splint and injection of an anesthetic, help is provided for suffocation, and a heart massage is performed. Having received one of the types of first aid, the victim is then transported to a hospital or hospital.

Means of medical protection of the population - quarantine

What is quarantine? What is the effectiveness of this medical remedy? During the detection of sources of infections of such dangerous diseases as smallpox, anthrax, plague, cholera, a decision is made to carry out quarantine measures in the infected area. In other words, quarantine is declared in this area.

First of all, the cordon of the source of infection is organized, most often by the forces of paramilitary units. People are prohibited from moving outside the zone, taking out property. It is possible to go beyond the cordon by passing an appropriate medical examination and obtaining a special permit. All medical personnel who work in the quarantine zone must use enhanced medical personal protective equipment for their own safety. These primarily include a special quarantine suit. Depending on the type of virus or bacteria that has spread, medical workers may use an anti-plague or virus suit.

Features of the virus medical worker suit

Medical personal protective equipment includes various types of overalls. One of these very effective means is a viral suit, which includes the following items:

• Anti-plague suit.
• Jumpsuit and hood.
• Bandage for the face.

Thanks to this means of medical protection, an employee in the quarantine zone will be able to protect himself from dangerous infections as much as possible.

Effective quarantine measures are possible under the following conditions:

• Operational isolation of infected people in the quarantine zone.
• Observation.
• Creation of a quarantine zone with a cordon.

An important role in the destruction of foci of infections and epidemics is played by medical means of protection and prevention, which, meanwhile, are used in an appropriate amount. The most effective measure to combat toxic environmental poisoning is sanitization. A set of measures aimed at neutralizing toxic and hazardous radioactive materials, bacteria on the surface of the earth, personal belongings, and protective items. Sanitization can be of two types:

• Full.
• Partial.

How does partial treatment take place in an area contaminated with dangerous toxins and radiation? It must be carried out very quickly, immediately upon arrival at the contaminated territory or after leaving the zone of radiation damage. So, the first thing to do is to take off your outerwear and shake them vigorously several times so that radioactive particles fall to the floor. This procedure must be carried out behind the wind. Then the removed things must be hung up and knocked out with a stick or other improvised means. Next, you need to rinse the surface of the face and palms with running water. Then all exposed surfaces of the body must be treated with disinfectant solutions.

Full sanitization involves washing all parts of the body with warm water and soap, carrying out medical assistance to all victims, where necessary - the use of medical protective equipment used at such moments.

One effective means is decontamination. A set of measures is being carried out in order to remove infected particles from the earth. During these activities, various special powder and soap solutions are widely used and, of course, plain water is used. Also necessary measures that are included in the complex of means to combat radioactive, chemical contamination or epidemics are degassing and disinfection. What do these two definitions mean? What is their role? Degassing aims to remove volatile chemical particles, and disinfection is a treatment aimed at the complete destruction of viruses and toxins that are dangerous to humans, animals and the environment.