Arguments on the topic: the meaning of life. life priorities. Learning to write an essay: Arguing your own opinion (How to argue correctly?)

?Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Kirill:

What do we live for? God predestined the world for limitless development and improvement. Each of us must be a co-worker with God in this great work, and this begins with the human person.

The Lord creates everyone with their own eternal value. Some say: we live for the sake of future generations, we see the meaning of our existence in children. This is great, but I would like to ask: is the value of the next generation greater than the value of the previous one? Not sure. Yes, it is human nature to live for the sake of the future, but this cannot be sole purpose, because our own personality is unique. Collaboration with God is the meaning of life. First of all, this is self-improvement - mental, spiritual, physical. Then everything will be lined up correctly, then we will work to achieve great goal, which consists in the transformation of the entire universe.

Dmitry Leontyev, director of the Institute of Existential Psychology and Life Creativity, Doctor of Psychology:

Leo Tolstoy and Viktor Frankl, an Austrian psychologist and philosopher, helped to understand the main thing.

1. You cannot abstractly raise the question about the meaning of life in general, only about the meaning of my life.

2. It is useless to try to find the answer and adjust your life to it; on the contrary, try to make your life meaningless, and then you can comprehend its meaning with your mind.

3. Meaning is in the world, it cannot be invented or found in oneself.

4. The possibility of meaning is open to any person, regardless of his characteristics and living conditions.

5. Don’t ask about the meaning of life, but answer this question with action, with your life.

6. The search for meaning is endless, and finding it is often illusory. Blessed are those who seek, and those who do not find.

?Sergey Savelyev, evolutionist, Doctor of Biological Sciences:

The goal of anyone biological organism— transfer of the genome to the next generation. And the meaning of our life is the same. Since man is an animal, the meaning of his existence is determined by three motives - the desire for food, reproduction and dominance. Everything else stems from these three, often simply masking them.

Source:
What is a sense of life?
Special project “100 main issues of Russia”. Question #31
http://www.aif.ru/dontknows/answer/1036690

Essay on the Unified State Exam on the meaning of life

What is the meaning of life (based on the text by Yu Bondarev)

What is the meaning of life? The answer to this question can be found in the text by Yu. Bondarev. The author revealed one of the problems of the text - the problem of the meaning of life - through reflections on the behavior of people in war.

The rhetorical question posed at the beginning of the text calls the reader to attention and sharpens his interest in the problem. War for a person is an extreme situation when the question of life and death is acute. It is in war that the price of life and its meaning increase.

I can't help but agree with the author's opinion. I share his point of view. The main thing in life for a person is to find the meaning of life. When it is there, a person walks purposefully through life. He does not waste his energy on trifles. However, it is very difficult to determine your true meaning life. To do this, you need to comprehend everything, understand yourself, find your true purpose.

D.S. also touches on this problem in his article. Likhachev in the book “Letters about Good”. He writes that the meaning human life to live with dignity and leave behind a good memory.

And the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle expressed his idea of ​​the meaning of life in the quote: “What is the meaning of life? Serve people and do good.” For him, the meaning of life lies in caring for people, in helping others.

The article makes you think about your life, about the importance of the deeds and actions that you will perform in life. Think about what trace you will leave on earth.

The question of the goal and the means to achieve it has worried humanity since ancient times. Many writers, philosophers and public figures reflected on it and cited historical, life and literary arguments to prove your point. In the Russian classics, there were also many answers and examples that, as a rule, prove the statement that the paths of achievement must correspond in everything to what needs to be achieved, otherwise it loses all meaning. In this collection, we have listed the most striking and illustrative examples from Russian literature for the final essay in the direction of “Goals and Means.”

1. In Pushkin's novel " Captain's daughter“The main character always chose the right path to achieve goals, however, no less noble. Thanks to this, from an unintelligent nobleman, Grinev turns into a sincere officer, ready to sacrifice his life in the name of duty. Having sworn allegiance to the empress, he honestly serves, defending the fortress, and even death at the hands of rebel robbers does not frighten him. Just as honestly, he sought Masha’s favor, and achieved it. The opposite of Pyotr Grinev in the novel - Shvabrin - on the contrary, uses any means to achieve the goal, choosing the most vile of them. Having set out on the path of betrayal, he pursues personal gain, demands reciprocity from Masha, without hesitating to denigrate her in the eyes of Peter. In choosing goals and means, Alexey is driven by spiritual cowardice and self-interest, because he is devoid of ideas about honor and conscience. Mary rejects him for this reason, because a good goal cannot be achieved by deception.
2. What should be the final goal if the means to achieve it are cruelty, deception and human lives? In the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" Grigory Pechorin's goals are momentary, encapsulated in the desire for momentary victories, to achieve which he chooses complex and sometimes cruel means. Hidden in his victories is a persistent search life meaning, which the hero is unable to find. In this search, he destroys not only himself, but also everyone who surrounds him - Princess Mary, Bela, Grushnitsky. To revive his own soul, he plays with the feelings of others, unwittingly becoming the cause of their misfortunes. But in the game with his own life, Grigory is hopelessly losing, losing those few people who were dear to him. “I realized that chasing lost happiness is reckless,” he says, and the goal, to achieve which so much effort and other people’s grief was put into, turns out to be illusory and unattainable.
3. In the comedy A.S. Griboyedov’s “Woe from Wit”, the society in which Chatsky is forced to live lives according to market laws, where everything is bought and sold, and a person is not valuable spiritual qualities, but by the size of your wallet and career success. Nobility and duty are nothing here compared to the importance of rank and title. That is why Alexander Chatsky turns out to be misunderstood and not accepted into a circle where mercantile goals dominate, justifying any means.
   He enters into a fight with Famus society, challenges Molchalin, who resorts to deception and hypocrisy in order to get a high position. Even in love, Alexander turns out to be a loser, because he does not defile the goal with vile means, he refuses to squeeze the breadth and nobility of his heart into the narrow framework of generally accepted and vulgar concepts with which Famusov’s house is replete.
4. A person is valuable by his deeds. But his deeds, even if subordinated to a high goal, do not always turn out to be good. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's “Crime and Punishment” Rodion Raskolnikov decides for himself an important question from a moral point of view: does the end justify the means? Can he, according to his theory, dispose of people's lives at his own discretion?
   The answer lies in the title of the novel: Raskolnikov’s mental anguish, after the atrocity he committed, proves that his calculation was incorrect and his theory was erroneous. A goal based on unjust and inhumane means depreciates itself and becomes a crime for which sooner or later one must be punished.
5. In the novel M.A. Sholokhov's "Quiet Flows the Flow" the fate of the heroes is swept away by the revolutionary elements. Grigory Melekhov, who sincerely believes in a happy and wonderful communist future, is ready to give his life for the well-being and prosperity of his native land. But in the context of life they are bright revolutionary ideas turn out to be insolvent and dead. Gregory understands that the struggle between whites and reds, seemingly aimed at a “beautiful tomorrow,” in fact represents violence and reprisals against the helpless and dissenters. Brilliant slogans turn out to be deception, and behind the lofty goal hides the cruelty and arbitrariness of the means. The nobility of his soul does not allow him to come to terms with the evil and injustice that he observes around him. Tormented by doubts and contradictions, Gregory is trying to find the only correct path that will allow him to live honestly. He is unable to justify the numerous murders committed in the name of a ghostly idea that he no longer believes in.
6. A. Solzhenitsyn’s novel “The Gulag Archipelago” - a study related to political history The USSR, according to Solzhenitsyn, is “an experience artistic research", in which the author analyzes the history of the country - a utopia that is building perfect world on the wreckage of human lives, numerous victims and lies disguised as humane goals. The price for the illusion of happiness and peace, in which there is no place for individuality and dissent, turns out to be too high. The problems of the novel are diverse, since they include many questions. moral character: Is it possible to justify evil in the name of good? What unites victims and their executioners? Who is responsible for mistakes made? Supported by rich biographical and research material, the book leads the reader to the problem of ends and means, convincing him that one does not justify the other.
7. It is human nature to seek happiness as the main meaning of life, its highest goal. For her sake, he is ready to use any means, but does not understand that this is unnecessary. The main character of the story V.M. Shukshin “Boots” - to Sergei Dukhanin - manifestations of tender feelings are not at all easy, because he is not used to unjustified tenderness and is even ashamed of it. But the desire to please someone close to him, the desire for happiness, pushes him to spend a lot. The money spent on buying an expensive gift turns out to be an unnecessary sacrifice, because his wife only needed attention. Generosity and the desire to give warmth and care fill the somewhat coarsened but still sensitive soul of the hero with happiness, which, as it turns out, is not so difficult to find.
8. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin's "Two Captains" the problem of ends and means is revealed in the confrontation between two characters - Sanya and Romashka. Each of them is driven by their own goals, each of them decides what is really important to them. In search of solutions, their paths diverge; fate pits them against each other in a duel that determines moral guidelines each, proves the noble strength of one, and the vile baseness of the other. Sanya is driven by honest, sincere aspirations; he is ready to take a difficult but direct path to find out the truth and prove it to others. Chamomile pursues small goals, achieving them in no less petty ways: lies, betrayal and hypocrisy. Each of them is experiencing the painful problem of choice, in which it is so easy to lose yourself and those you truly love.
9. A person does not always clearly understand his goal. In the Roman L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky is in search of himself and his place in life. His shaky life guidelines are influenced by fashion, society, and the opinions of friends and relatives. He is delirious of glory and military exploits, dreams of making a career in the service, but not just rising to high ranks, but gaining eternal glory as a winner and hero. He goes to war, the cruelties and horrors of which instantly showed him all the absurdity and illusory nature of his dreams. He is not ready, like Napoleon, to follow the bones of soldiers to glory. The desire to live and do wonderful life other people set new goals for Bolkonsky. Meeting Natasha instills love in his soul. However, in a moment that requires his perseverance and understanding, he gives in under the weight of circumstances and abandons his love. He is again tormented by doubts about the correctness of his own goals, and only before his death Andrei understands that the best moments of life, its great gifts are contained in love, forgiveness and compassion.
10. Character makes a person. He defines it life goals and landmarks. In “Letters about the good and the beautiful” D.S. Likhachev’s problem of the goal and the means to achieve it is considered by the author as one of the most important, forming the young reader’s concepts of honor, duty, and truth. “The end justifies the means” is a formula unacceptable to the author. On the contrary, every person should have a goal in life, but no less important are the methods that he uses to achieve what he wants. In order to be happy and in harmony with one’s own conscience, it is necessary to make a choice in favor of spiritual values, giving preference good deeds and wonderful thoughts.

From the texts for preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, we have identified the most pressing and frequently encountered problems concerning the meaning of life. For each of them we have selected interesting arguments from the literature. All of them are available for download in table format, link at the end of the article.

Helping people

1. The problem of the meaning of life is fully revealed in story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor". It is in this work main character, without sparing himself, he helps people. Throughout her life, Matryona always gave everything she had and demanded nothing in return. Despite the fact that many simply took advantage of the heroine’s kindness, she enjoyed every day and was grateful for her life. According to the author himself, it is Matryona who is the real righteous person, on whom absolutely everything rests.
2. Natasha Rostova, heroine epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace", sees his meaning of life in family and love for people. Since childhood, she doted on her parents and brothers and sisters. Being a married woman, Natasha gave all her love to her husband, Pierre Bezukhov, and her children. Rostova also did not forget about help strangers. Let us remember the episode after the Battle of Borodino, when the heroine selflessly helps wounded soldiers and places them at home. Natasha Rostova lives in order to sow kindness, love and affection around herself.

In material values

1. Famusov society, known by comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", considered its meaning in life only material values. Fame, rank, money, position in society - all this plays for them main role. And to achieve this, they are not afraid to be hypocritical, commit meanness, play dirty tricks and gossip. For example, Molchalin deceives the daughter of his boss, feigning love, just to achieve promotion and patronage. Only Chatsky alone understands that this false values, But secular society refuses to believe it and simply does not accept his point of view.
   2. Perhaps story by I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" is a real example in which the meaning of the hero’s life is material goods. The Nameless Master worked all the time to ensure a happy existence for himself and his family. Precisely existence, since each of their days was similar to the previous one. The hero did not see the meaning of life in love or family, so their only vacation together turns into routine vegetation on deck, when there is nothing to even talk about. No wonder, because for the hero the most important thing is money, but his wife and daughter cannot talk about it. It is through the example of his hero that the author wants to show how insignificant such a set of life values ​​is. It’s not for nothing that all the passengers, fixated on wealth, are sailing on a ship called “Atlantis” - they are doomed to death.

In service to the Motherland

1. For many heroes of Russian literature, the meaning of life lies in serving the Fatherland. For example, for Andrei Sokolov from the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". Having learned about the beginning of the war, he unconditionally went to the front. Yes, it was difficult for him - several wounds, captivity, but Andrei never thought about betraying his homeland. Even the thought of it disgusted him. Sokolov behaved bravely in the camp as well. Let us remember the episode when the hero refused to drink with the German commandant Muller. As we see, the meaning of life for Andrei is his homeland and love for it.
2. For Vasily Terkin, hero poems by A.T. Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin", Homeland is the meaning of life. He is an ordinary soldier who is not afraid to give own life for the sake of victory over the enemy. Terkin is brave, dexterous, courageous and strong. He is not afraid of difficulties, because with the help of his ingenuity he is able to find a way out of any situation. The hero deserves true respect. Vasily Terkin is an example true patriot of his country, who is ready to do anything for it.

In love

1. main character dramas A.N. Ostrovsky "The Thunderstorm" Katerina considered love to be the meaning of her life. It was this feeling that was inextricably linked in her with the freedom that she lacked. All her life the heroine wanted to love and be loved. However, her husband, Tikhon, did not pay attention to Katerina. Every day the heroine felt more and more unhappy. Only after Boris appeared did the heroine realize that she was capable of love. This forbidden connection weighed heavily on Katerina, but she could not do anything, because she so wanted to be loved and in this feeling to find the long-awaited freedom. However, the conflict between feelings and duty led her to the fact that she could not live, abandoning one of the conflicting parties. The woman chose death because she had lost the meaning in life.
2. The hero also saw the meaning of life in love stories by A.I. Kuprin " Garnet bracelet». Despite the fact that these feelings were doomed from the very beginning, Zheltkov continued to love Vera with all his heart. He didn't ask for anything in return. For him, the most important thing is her happiness. Zheltkov never allowed himself to cross the line, knowing that Vera was a married woman. By his example, the hero proved that love stronger than death. When he was forced to give up his feelings, he left this world, because he lived only for love.

Search for the meaning of life

1. In the novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” The hero has been searching for his destiny all his life. However, any business brought only boredom and disappointment. He was tired of empty chatter in the world, he set about organizing the economy in the inherited village. But this activity soon ceased to interest him. Friendship and love also did not inspire Evgeniy. As a result, he realized too late that it was in them that he could find himself. Pushkin leaves the ending open in order to emphasize that the hero has only monotonous lonely wanderings ahead, which there is no point in describing. He lost his meaning in life due to satiation and laziness of his soul.
2. In the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” Pechorin is looking for the meaning of life, but does not find it because of his vices: selfishness, fear of feelings and indifference. Many people come to him with kindness, affection and love, but in return they receive only coldness. Because of this, Grigory Alexandrovich is lonely and powerless to find his destiny. He got lost in the labyrinths of fate and lost hope for a successful outcome. Neither in the service, nor in the family, nor in creativity, the hero was able to satisfy his ambitions. That's why critics called it " extra person”, who fruitlessly disappeared into oblivion without ever applying his skills and knowledge.
3. In the epic novel “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy One of the heroes was looking for himself throughout the entire story. Pierre Bezukhov tried to find his place in high society, but became convinced of his falsehood and hypocrisy. Then he found love, but was disappointed in it, having received deception instead of devotion and affection. He even joined secret society in order to benefit society. However, none of these roles suited him; each of them did not bring complete satisfaction. Only in the bosom of his family, after all his wanderings, did he find himself and the meaning of being. Children, marriage, honest work for the good of the people - this was Pierre’s real destiny.

The false meaning of life and the consequences of error

1. In the work of N.V. Gogol “The Overcoat” the hero lived without realizing why. His existence was only an insignificant vegetation little man V big city. Therefore, he found its similarity in the recognition of the environment. He wanted to earn it not by merit, but appearance. The new overcoat, it seemed to him, became a reason to respect his person. Because of this, he became unnaturally attached to this thing, and even died of grief after losing it. If a person makes a mistake in choosing life guidelines, he will face the tragic consequences of the mistake.
2. In A. P. Chekhov’s play “Uncle Vanya” the hero worked all his life in the name of false ideals. He and his niece worked for minimal remuneration, and all the remaining money was sent to the girl’s father, the husband of Uncle Vanya’s late sister. He is a professor, and in his person modest people saw the science itself, which they willingly served. However, a personal meeting with their idol showed them that they had sacrificed everything for the sake of smug insignificance. The psychological crisis of Ivan Voinitsky after realizing the falsity of ideals led to the fact that the quiet and timid man tried to kill a relative. However, in the finale he resigned himself to fate and his deep misfortune.
3. In the work of A.P. Chekhov “Ionych” the main character rejects Startsev's proposal in order to go to the capital and enter the conservatory. The girl sees the meaning of her life in music. Everyone praised her piano playing, no one doubted her success. But Mademoiselle Turkina turned out to be a mediocre pianist. She returned to hometown with nothing, but just as diligently she studied music, although this no longer mattered. Catherine was disappointed in herself and did not find the strength to find a new incentive to develop.

God created man in his own image. But the most important thing that he gave to his creation was the ability to think, reflect and make choices. Sometimes very complex tasks, which seem quite difficult to solve on your own. In this case, heroes come to the rescue literary works who offer their compelling arguments. The problem of choice is the main theme USE essays, so the younger generation needs to be properly prepared for the decisive stage in their lives.

Problems of choice in human life

Think about it, how often in a day do you have to solve questions to which there are two or even more answers? First you think about what to eat for breakfast, then how to dress for school and which way to go there. After classes, you usually wonder whether to do your homework now, or after the party? Should I go for a walk with Masha or Kolya today? All these issues are just minor daily problems that you can surely handle easily.

But in life there are more serious choices. Sooner or later, you will have to think about where to go to study, where to work, how to determine your path in life. We need to think about this now, on the threshold adult life. This is why teachers ask students to read works at school, analyze them and draw conclusions. So that in the future it will be easier for you, based on the experience of others. We suggest that you consider what problem is found in the literature life choice. We present the arguments as examples.

Social problems

What kind of young man Are there any difficulties with society? Teenagers, as you know, are very emotional and emotionally unstable people. During puberty, they have completely unusual thoughts, and sometimes it seems to them that the whole world is against them. But survival in society is the key to a happy adult life. And you need to learn this as early as possible. The table on the left side presents the selection problem, arguments from the literature on the right.

School relationship problems

Such difficulties also occur quite often. Moreover, understanding them, let alone solving them, can be very difficult for a teenager. Parents, as a rule, cannot or do not want to interfere with the relationship between teachers and students. Let's consider what the literature has to say about this.

Family problems

Where would we be without them? Family problems occur always and at any age. We can hurt ourselves to a loved one, and not even think about his feelings. He will still forgive. And sometimes we hurt our own parents the most. It is very difficult to protect yourself from mistakes. But you can read what the problem of choice is. Arguments from the literature will help with this.

The problem of choosing a life path. Arguments from literature

Even an adult sometimes feels like his life has failed. The work is not to your liking, the profession does not bring the desired profit, there is no love, nothing around promises happiness. Now, if I had then, ten years ago, gone to study there, or married so-and-so, then my life would have turned out completely differently, perhaps happier. A person creates his own destiny and everything depends on this choice. The biggest difficulty is that the literature will help to understand this extremely complex issue.

Probably the best example for younger generation- this is Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”. The theme of the entire work is choosing your place in life. Based on the destinies of several people, the author tells what can happen if you are weak-willed, or, conversely, strong-willed and stubborn. Ilya Oblomov as main character, carries within itself negative traits- inability to work, laziness and stubbornness. As a result, he turns into a kind of shadow, without purpose and happiness.

Another example of how inheritance, and not one’s own choice, influence a person’s life is “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin. It would seem, what else is needed? to a young nobleman? Carefree life, balls, love. There is no need to think about how to work, where to get money for food. But Onegin is not satisfied with such a life. He protests against established social life, against moral standards of his time, for which many consider him an eccentric. the main task Onegin - to find new values, the meaning of your life.

What to do with the profession

Another insoluble problem of the younger generation is the problem of choosing a profession. Parents can give completely different arguments when offering their child the best activity in life, in their opinion. Now this situation is not uncommon. Moms and dads force them to go to study where their child does not want to go. They argue their position in different ways: being a doctor is profitable, being a financier is prestigious, being a programmer is in demand, but a poor teenager just wants to become a machinist.

This happened with the main character of Mikhail Weller’s work “I Want to Be a Janitor.” The main character had a problem choosing a profession. His parents gave him arguments in favor of who he should become. They advised me to look at others who successfully defend their candidate's theses and perform at concerts after the conservatory. But the hero did not want to exchange his freedom for sitting in his pants in classrooms and studying books. He was attracted by his childhood dream of becoming a janitor, which is what he aspired to.

An example of how it’s not enough to choose good profession to your liking, but you also need to develop your skills, says A.P. Chekhov in the story “Ionych”. Especially if you are a doctor. This was the case with the main character Ionych. He worked conscientiously, helping people until he became obsolete. He did not follow new developments in pharmacology and was not interested in new methods of treatment. He risked losing his well-being. Moral of the piece: right choice profession is only half the success; your skills and talent need to be improved.

Problem Arguments

All our actions are influenced by the world around us. Before taking this or that step, we will definitely think about whether it contradicts the norms social relations, conscience, morality, etc. This is all a problem moral choice. The arguments here are simple. One wise man said that he never exists the right decision. Because for you it will be true, but for others it will be false. Let's see what literature teaches us.

Personal problems

The most painful topic for teenagers is love. At the same time, it is the most interesting thing to write about. And how many examples can you give! Love and romantic relationships are another issue of choice. The essay is forced to be written based on one’s own thoughts, which are sometimes confused and mixed up. Let's consider what arguments can be given in this context.

I immediately want to remember tragic love Romeo and Juliet in Shakespeare's play. Misunderstanding on the part of relatives and enmity between clans lead to tragic consequences, although the young people were sincerely in love and experienced only the most tender and virginal feelings for each other.

A wonderful example of real romantic relationships in Kuprin's story "The Garnet Bracelet". After reading this work, I want to believe that love is the best feeling that has ever arisen in a person. “Garnet Bracelet” is an ode to the young, a hymn to happiness and prose of innocence.

Love is sometimes destructive. There are arguments for this in the literature. The problem of choice appeared before Anna Karenina in novel of the same name L.N. Tolstoy. The feelings that arose for the young officer Volkonsky became destructive for her. For the sake of new happiness, the woman left devoted husband and beloved son. She sacrificed her status, reputation, position in society. And what did you get for it? Love and happiness or sadness and disappointment?

Problems of ecology, relationships with nature

The problem of choice in life is different. A variety of arguments were given. It's time to talk about the environment in which we live. IN Lately humanity has seriously thought about the fact that man, in fact, treats his home, Mother Earth, very disdainfully. And all actions aimed at preserving the health of the planet do not bring significant results. The ozone layer is being destroyed, the air is being polluted, there is practically no clean fresh water left in the world...

Do you allow yourself to leave garbage behind after a vacation in the forest? Do you burn plastic and put out the flames before leaving? The authors wrote a lot about relationships with nature. Let's consider what can be useful for the Unified State Exam.

Let's start with the dystopian novel “We” by E. Zamyatin. It's about about the inhabitants of a certain Unified State who became numbers, and their entire existence is possible only within the framework of the Tablet of Hours. They have no trees and rivers, because the whole world is built from human buildings and devices. They are surrounded by perfectly even proportions of glass houses. And relationships and love are allowed if there is a pink card. Such a world was depicted by Zamyatin specifically to show that a person will turn into a programmed robot without nature, real feelings and the beauty of the world around him.

The struggle between nature and man takes place in E. Hemingway’s work “The Old Man and the Sea.” This shows the real problem of human choice. The arguments are flawless. If you want to live, hold on. This applies to both a weak old man and a strong shark caught on a hook. Struggle for Life is going to death. Who will win and who will give up? A short story makes you think deeply about the meaning and value of life.

The problem of patriotism

Excellent arguments about love for the Motherland can be found in many. It is in this hard times the sincerity of feelings truly manifests itself.

An example of ideology about the false and true patriotism can be considered the epic novel by L. N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”. There are many scenes in the books dedicated to this. It is worth remembering Natasha Rostova, who persuaded her mother to sacrifice carts for the wounded at Borodino. At the same time, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky himself is mortally wounded in a decisive battle.

But the greatest love for the Motherland is among ordinary soldiers. They do not make loud speeches, do not praise the king, but are simply ready to die for their region, for their country. The author directly says that Napoleon was defeated in that war only due to the unity of the entire Russian people. The French commander in other countries faced exclusively the army, but in Russia he was opposed by ordinary people of different classes and ranks. At Borodino, Napoleon's army suffered moral failure, A Russian army won thanks to powerful fortitude and patriotism.

Conclusion

How to pass the exam with flying colors - this the main problem choice. We tried to present arguments (Unified State Examination) that are most often found in essay topics. All that remains is to choose what you need.

What is the problem of finding the meaning of life and the arguments I will consider especially for readers of “Popular about Health”. Many people wonder why a person is born, lives his life, and then dies. Usually this question comes up in childhood, but over time, it gradually subsides, as a person plunges into life’s problems and has no time for philosophizing.

However, even in adulthood, many people still have this question. But some are not looking for an answer to the question, while others are the opposite. If a person spends all his time searching for the meaning of life, then he will probably not live fully all this time either. However, many are interested in whether life on Earth is really given only to give birth to one’s offspring, to sleep, eat, go to work, solve endless life problems and only sometimes rest? The life of many people proceeds this way, when more problems prevail than joyful moments. If a person were shown his future life from the beginning, then many people would not have the desire to be born, for the sake of a meager amount of happiness.

But life works differently and we are not allowed to see what fate awaits a person. Almost all the literature of the world strives to give man an answer to philosophical question"What is a sense of life"? The life values ​​of each person can be called those ideas and ideas that become the main ones in life for him, the defining ones that he wants to achieve at any cost. Usually in society it is customary to distinguish between spiritual and material values. Based on them, a person begins to build his life, his relationships with colleagues at work, with his family and simply with people in society.

So life values some representatives " Famusov society“There was a lot of money, connections with people of higher rank, as well as power and everything specifically related to these concepts. Moreover, in order to achieve them, people stop at nothing; in pursuit of them, a person can show all his lowest and most disgusting character traits: meanness, hypocrisy, he boldly commits deception, and can curry favor with his superiors for the sake of his own achievements.

All these are techniques of Famusov and others like him to achieve their goal by any means. Therefore, they hate Chatsky’s freedom-loving ideals to the maximum extent. His increased desire to become useful to society, his great desire to bring to the masses educational ideas, the desire to achieve great success in life only thanks to knowledge causes them genuine irritation and misunderstanding to such an extent that it is better for them to declare him crazy than to try to somehow understand his thoughts.

The meaning of life for Natasha Rostova is seen in family, in love for loved ones. She practically never appears in society after her wedding with Pierre; she devotes herself entirely only to her beloved husband and children. But Natasha’s mercy easily extends not only to her family. She actively chooses to help wounded soldiers who are temporarily in Moscow after the Battle of Borodino.

She understands well that they do not have the strength to get out of the city, which Napoleon’s troops will enter, and therefore, without regret, she asks her parents to give the carts to these wounded, which are intended to transport many things from their home. But Berg, who is the son-in-law of the Rostov family, makes a completely different choice. For him now is the main moment - to make money, to buy things at a bargain price, which the owners sell for almost nothing. He visits the Rostovs only with the only request that they give him a cart and men who will load the wardrobe and cabinets he likes.

The gentleman from San Francisco, from Bunin’s story, is a certain rich man whose goal is identical to the goals of many people: to earn huge capital, successfully marry a beautiful lady, have many children and pass away at an advanced age. The existence of such a person is monotonous, without any emotional outbursts, he has no doubts, there is no mental torment.

Death overtakes this gentleman unexpectedly, but it is like a litmus test that reveals the full value of his life. It is symbolic that at the beginning of the sea voyage he travels in a luxurious first class cabin, then he returns back forgotten by everyone, he floats in a polluted hold, where shellfish and shrimp have settled next to him as neighbors.

Thus, the writer Bunin equates the value of a person with creatures that spend their entire lives eating plankton. Thus, the fate of this gentleman from the city of San Francisco and others like him clearly reflects the meaninglessness of human existence, the emptiness of life. When life is lived without emotional turmoil, without any doubts, moreover, without ups and downs, lived only with the sole purpose of satisfying one’s personal interests and the needs of the material plane, it becomes insignificant. And the logical conclusion of such a life is rapid oblivion.

Ilya Oblomov is good and a kind person, but he was never able to overcome himself, he was unable to reveal his best features. When a person does not have a high goal in life, it leads him to moral death. Therefore, even love could not save him. IN famous play Gorky's "At the Bottom" the writer shows the drama " former people", which in connection with life situation have lost the strength to fight. They hope for good changes, they understand that they need to live better, but, strictly speaking, they do nothing to in any way change their fate. It is no coincidence that the play begins in a rooming house and ends there.