Renaissance culture presentation by mhc. Artistic culture of the Renaissance. Periods of the era Early Renaissance

Renaissance (XIV-XVI) - an era in the history of culture and art, reflecting the beginning of the transition from feudalism to capitalism. In classical forms, the Renaissance took shape in Western Europe, primarily in Italy, but similar processes took place in Eastern Europe and Asia. In each country, this type of culture had its own characteristics associated with its ethnic characteristics, specific traditions, and the influence of other national cultures.

Artists of the Italian Renaissance The Renaissance is the pinnacle from which we survey the world culture in development, with the life and work of famous poets, artists, thinkers, writers, composers, with descriptions of outstanding works of art.

Was focused on the revival of ancient culture; She affirmed the strength, intelligence, beauty and freedom of the individual; She had a holistic and versatile understanding of a person, life and culture; Art was perceived as the equivalence and equality of forms of human activity; It had a pronounced democratic character, with man and nature at its center; The Renaissance had the following features:

Leonardo da Vinci

The illegitimate son of a certain Sir Pierrot and a simple peasant woman. Born near the city of Vinci. Since childhood, he has shown an equal interest in mechanics, astronomy, mathematics, and other natural sciences. Many of his observations anticipate the development of European science and painting for centuries. He died far from his homeland, in the French city of Clu in 1519 Life, creativity, destiny

All da Vinci's works are extremely diverse; His paintings are characterized by geometric rigor of composition and a scientific approach to the anatomical structure of the human body; da Vinci invented his own painting technique - sfumato; It is noteworthy that in many of Da Vinci's paintings, the background is a mountain landscape. Leonardo da Vinci. Portrait of Ginerva Benchi g.

Last supper, yy

Michelangelo Buanarotti () More than anything and in everything, Michelangelo is a sculptor, but his paintings are so monumental that they can be mistaken for sculptures. The images created by Michelangelo are distinguished by powerful physicality and anatomical precision; Deeply religious, Michelangelo often wrote on biblical subjects. But the images he created have nothing to do with the canon. He was born in 1475 and died in 1564, having outlived Leonardo da Vinci and Raphael by four and a half decades, leaving the High Renaissance far behind. In the last years of his life, he witnessed how the ideals of humanism are grossly violated. All this deeply resented and wounded the soul of Michelangelo.

"Pieta" (d).

The Last Judgment, fresco by Messrs. Sistine Chapel, Vatican

Tombstone of Giuliano Medici Church of San Lorenzo, Florence

The Renaissance, or the Renaissance (French Renaissance, Italian Rinascimento) is one of the brightest epochs in the history of European culture, which replaced
culture of the Middle Ages and
preceding the culture of the new
time. It got its name in
connection with the revival of interest in the antique
art as an ideal, a model. Approximate
chronological framework of the era of the XIV-XVI centuries

Renaissance

Revival originated in
Italy. It is solid
established only from the 20s
years of the XV century. In France,
Germany and other countries
this movement began
much later. By the end
XV century it reached its
the highest flowering. In the XVI
the century is brewing a crisis of ideas
Renaissance, consequence
what is the emergence
mannerism and baroque.

Architecture Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence. Pearl of Renaissance architecture

Greatest flowering
Renaissance
architecture survived in
Italy, leaving after
himself two cities of monuments: Florence and
Venice. Over creation
buildings worked there
great architects -
Filippo Brunelleschi,
Leon Battista Alberti,
Donato Bramante,
Giorgio Vasari and
a lot others.

Pazzi Chapel architect Brunelleschi
Dome of St. Maria del
Fiore, Brunelleschi,
Rosselino, 1420-1436,
1446-1470, Florence
Palazzo Pitti architect Brunelleschi

Church
Santa MariaNovella
Alberti,
1456-1470
Florence

Palazzo
Pitti
Ammanati
Bartolomeo
1560-1565,
Florence

Sculpture

The founder
sculptures
Renaissance was
Donatello. One of
his main merits -
revival so
called round
statues. It laid
development fundamentals
sculptures
subsequent
time. Most
mature work
statue of David.
Saint Mark
Statue of david
Judith and Olifernes

art

From all areas of culture, art
ranked first in Italy.
Of all the arts, the first
belonged to the pictorial
art and architecture.
The "fathers" of the Renaissance are called
painter Masaccio, sculptor
Donatello, architect Brunelleschi.

Periods of the era Early Renaissance

Period so
called
"Early
Renaissance "
covers itself in
Italy time since 1420
until 1500.
Botticelli. Madonna of the Pomegranate.
OK. 1490 g.

Painting. Sandro Botticelli

"Spring"
"The Birth of Venus"

High Renaissance

Second Renaissance period - time
the most magnificent development of his style -
commonly referred to as "High
Renaissance ", it extends into
Italy from about 1500 to 1580
year. At this time, the center of gravity
Italian art from Florence
moves to Rome thanks to
accession to the papal throne Julius
II. With this dad and his closest
successors, Rome becomes, as it were
new Athens of the time of Pericles: in
it creates many
monumental buildings, performed
magnificent sculptural
works, frescoes and
paintings still considered
pearls of painting; while all
three branches of art are harmonious
hand in hand, helping one another and
mutually acting on each other.
Antique is now studied more
thoroughly reproduced from
greater rigor and
sequence; calmness and
dignity is established and completely
a classic imprint on everything
creating art.

Leonardo da Vinci

Raphael

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Late Renaissance

Third period
Renaissance
extends into
Of Italy
circa 3090s XVI century.
Representative
this period
is the artist
Titian

Titian

Northern Renaissance

Renaissance period in the territories of the Netherlands,
Germany and France are usually separated into a separate
style direction with some differences
with the Renaissance in Italy, and call the "Northern
Revival ".
Chambord Castle in France. 1519-1547.

Northern Renaissance artists

Hans Baldung
Hieronymus Bosch
Pieter Bruegel
Albrecht Durer
Lucas Cranach
Hans Holbein
Jan van Eyck

Hieronymus Bosch Carrying the Cross The Prodigal Son

Jan van Eyck

Portrait of Jan van Eyck
Madonna canon van der Palais
Madonna of Chancellor Rolen
Ghent altarpiece
Portrait of the Arnolfini couple

Pieter Bruegel Sr.

1
Pieter Bruegel Sr.
2
3
4
5
6

Albrecht Durer

1
2
3
4
5
6

The science

Paracelsus and
Vesalius,
Jean Boden and
Niccolo Machiavelli
Thomas More,
Tommaso
Campanello
Holbein G. Portrait of Thomas More. 1527

Philosophy

Nikolay Kuzansky
Leonardo Bruni
Marsilio Ficino
Pico della Mirandola
Lorenzo Valla
Manetti
Pietro Pomponazzi
Jean Boden
Montaigne
Thomas More
Erasmus of Rotterdam
Martin Luther
Campanella
Giordano Bruno

Literature

Francesco Petrarca (1304-
1374
Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-
1375)
Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-
1527)
Ludoviko Ariosto (1474-
1533)
Torquato Tasso (1544-1595)
monuments of the era:
"Decameron" Boccaccio, "Don
Quixote "Cervantes, and
especially in Gargantua and
Pantagruele »Francois
Rabelais.

Music

Flemish composer of the 15th century. G. Dufay
Various genres emerge
secular musical
arts - frottola and
villanella in Italy,
Villancico in Spain, ballad
in England, madrigal originated
in italy
L. Marenzio, J.
Arcadelt, Gesualdo yes
Venous.
Josquin Despres, Orlando di
Lasso.
K. Janeken, K. Lejeune.
Renaissance
ends with the emergence of new
musical genres -
solo songs, cantatas,
oratorios and operas

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Renaissance

2
Renaissance - the era of flourishing culture in the countries of Western Europe in the 15-16th centuries. In its classical form, the culture of the Renaissance developed in the cities of Northern and Central Italy. The Renaissance was characterized by a revival of interest in literature, art, philosophy of Ancient Greece and Rome. The real world and man were proclaimed the highest value: Man is the measure of all things. The aesthetic ideal of the Renaissance was formed on the basis of a new worldview - humanism (recognition of the value of the human person). The role of the creative personality has especially increased.

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Renaissance
Italian Renaissance 1. Proto-Renaissance (12-13th centuries) 2. Early Renaissance (15th century) 3. High Renaissance (15th-early 16th centuries) 4. Late Renaissance (Tue half of 16th century) Northern Renaissance

4
Proto-renaissance
Proto-Renaissance is a period in the history of Italian art, spanning the 13th and 14th centuries, characterized by the growth of secular realistic tendencies and an appeal to ancient traditions. Giotto. Fresco "Kiss of Judas"

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The era of joyful discovery of the world. Center - Florence. Architect Filippo Brunelleschi. The idea of ​​an open space "ideal city".

6
Early Renaissance (15th century - quattrocento)
Donatello "David"
Masaccio "Expulsion from Paradise"

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High Renaissance by Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian painter, sculptor, architect, scientist and engineer. The founder of the artistic culture of the High Renaissance .. The artist, developing the traditions of the art of the Early Renaissance, emphasized the smooth volume of forms with soft chiaroscuro, sometimes enlivened the faces with a barely perceptible smile, achieving with its help the transfer of subtle states of mind. Leonardo da Vinci strove for sharpness in the transfer of facial expressions, and brought the physical features and movement of the human body into perfect harmony with the spiritual atmosphere of the composition.

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"Lady with an Ermine"
"Madonna of the Rocks" "Madonna Litta"

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Leonardo da Vinci "The Last Supper"

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High Renaissance Raphael
Raphael (1483-1520), Italian painter and architect. In his work, the humanistic ideas of the High Renaissance about a beautiful and perfect person living in harmony with the world, the ideals of life-affirming beauty characteristic of the era, were embodied with the greatest clarity.

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Madonna Conestabile
Sistine Madonna

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High Renaissance Michelangelo Buonarroti
On the vault of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, the artist created a grandiose, solemn, easily visible in general and in detail composition, perceived as a hymn to physical and spiritual beauty, as an affirmation of the unlimited creative possibilities of God and a man created in his image

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"David" "Pieta"

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Late Renaissance (Venice. 16th century)
Giorgione "Sleeping Venus" Titian "Venus of Urbino"

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Northern Renaissance
A. Durer. Self-portrait at age 13
Engraving "Four Horsemen" from the cycle "Apocalypse"

Renaissance culture

The transitional era that went between medieval and capitalist times is called the Renaissance or Renaissance in history. The historical homeland of this time is Italy.

Renaissance culture is a type of culture in which people come first. A distinctive feature of this time is the denial of the divine creation and the supremacy of mankind in the world.

In Western Europe, the Renaissance culture was one step faster than in Asia and Eastern Europe. However, in each country at this time, its own characteristics appeared.

Stages of development of the culture of the Renaissance

Early revival

High revival

Late Renaissance

The cultural upsurge in this era went in parallel with the sharp development of science and crafts. The main achievements were achieved by Europe in the following areas of art:

Architecture

Painting

Poetry and Literature

Philosophy

sculpture

Renaissance painting

A characteristic feature of Renaissance painting is realism. At its core, the visual arts were based on the depiction of man and nature. In the period of the late Renaissance, notes of mysticism are noticeable in the works of painters.

Notable Renaissance painters

Michelangelo

Giotto da Bondone

Sandro Botticelli

Leonardo da Vinci, etc.

Philosophy

Philosophy, as a science, began to develop rapidly during the Renaissance. The famous works of Zh-J Rousseau, Montesquieu, etc. spread the thoughts of freedom, equality, human independence. On the basis of their works, state documents and declarations appeared.

The well-known Shakespeare, Francesca Petrarch, Dite Alighieri and others are the founders of the Italian poetry of the Renaissance. Freethinking and anthropogonism are also traced in their works.

Renaissance architecture

In the architectural buildings of this time, there is a return to antiquity. The very name of the era came from the phrase "the revival of antiquity." A return to geometric shapes, laconicism, symmetrical structures, as in the era of antiquity, is inherent in the Renaissance.

Famous Renaissance architects

Filippo Brunelleschi

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Donatello

Leon Battista Alberti, etc.

Sculpture

The development of sculpture is most clearly represented by the works of the sculptors of the Pisa school, headed by Pisano, respectively. The sculptures are based on calm flowing silhouettes, traditional motives and plots.

The Renaissance is the era of the highest flowering of culture, science and political soap in the history of mankind.