Personal protective equipment of the organization. Requirements for personal protective equipment

In accordance with Article 221 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, at work with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, as well as at work performed in special temperature conditions or associated with pollution, employees are issued certified personal protective equipment, washing and disinfecting agents in accordance with the standards, approved in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation of December 14, 2010 No. 1104n.

According to the Intersectoral Rules for Labor Protection in Cold Working of Metals POT RM-006-97, there are the following requirements for the use of protective equipment for workers:

REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS

1. Workers of workshops and areas of cold working of metals for protection from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors must be provided with means personal protection in accordance with the current Model Industry Standards for the free issue of special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment to workers and employees and the Instruction on the procedure for providing workers and employees special clothing, special footwear and other personal protective equipment.

2. Newly hired employees should be familiar with the means of protection against the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors.

3. Personal protective equipment used in this technological process, should be indicated in the technological documentation.

4. The personal protective equipment used must ensure the protection of workers from the action of hazardous and harmful production factors under existing technology and working conditions.

The rules for the use of personal protective equipment should be set out in the instructions for labor protection, taking into account the specific conditions in which they are used. Employees must be trained in the use of protective equipment.

5. Personal protective equipment must be subject to periodic control inspections, and, if necessary, tests in the manner and within the time limits established by the regulatory and technical documentation for them.

6. Classification and general requirements for protective equipment for workers are specified in GOST 12.4.011.

Symbols for the protective properties of overalls, footwear and hand protection are given in Appendix. eleven.

7. The organization must provide for proper storage, centralized washing, dry cleaning and repair of personal protective equipment and overalls.

8. To replace workwear handed over by employees for washing, dry cleaning or repair, the organization must provide a stock of workwear sets.

The main PPE used in shop D731 are listed in Table. one.

6 Industrial injury analysis

The analysis of injuries in society was carried out on the basis of acts of investigation of accidents and the accident register (Table 2) since 2013.

table 2

All accidents that occurred in the period from 2013 to 2014 in terms of severity - light.

Rice. 2 . Severity factor

Figure 2. shows that in 2014. the severity of accidents decreased by 59.9%.

According to the acts of investigation of accidents at the enterprise, traumatic factors that led to accidents are given.

Rice. 3 . Types of accidents

For 2013-2014 according to fig. 3 it can be seen that the main share of accidents occurs due to pinching and blows, falling objects and parts.

Table 3

An analysis of the types and causes of accidents shows that the main cause of injury to workers is violation of the work schedule and labor discipline by the employee. This indicates a lack of proper control on the part of engineering and technical personnel, poor implementation of organizational and technical measures before starting work, formal briefings at the workplace, and violation of labor discipline.

Rice. 4 Analysis of accidents by day of the week

Analysis for 2013-2014 shows that in the middle of the week the number of accidents increases, indicates that in the middle of the week, the employee is mentally tired, cannot concentrate on work, is not focused and loses vigilance.

Rice. 5.Analysis of accidents by age groups

The analysis shows that the number of accidents is greater in the age group of 50 to 60 years.

An analysis of accidents by months shows that two seasons are traumatic, such as autumn and winter. In autumn, the return from vacations, a psychophysiological factor, namely the depressive mood of workers associated with a long continuation of bad weather, affects. In winter, the plan in production is increased, the closure of annual plans, the intensity of holiday work increases, because of this, the injury rate of workers increases.

Rice. 5. Seasonality of accidents

Based on the analysis of accidents by time of day from these reports of accidents, in particular, they occur from 8.00-13.00 and from 18.30-20.20. The explanations are that the period from 8.00-13.00 hours is the busiest time for performing various types of operations by type of activity. Because of this, workers become careless and less attentive. And in the period from 18.30 to 20.20 hours, it is characterized by the fact that the control of the engineer is weakened, the workers try to finish the work faster, start to hurry and make mistakes that lead to accidents.

Classification and purpose of personal protective equipment at work

Lecture 10

At a number of enterprises, there are such types of work and working conditions under which an employee can be injured or otherwise exposed to health hazards. Even more dangerous conditions for people can arise during accidents and liquidation of their consequences. In these cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) must be used to protect the person. Their use should ensure maximum safety, and the inconvenience associated with their use should be kept to a minimum. This is achieved by following the instructions for their use. The latter regulate when, why and how PPE should be used, what should be the care for them.

The range of PPE includes an extensive list of products used in working conditions (PPE for everyday use), as well as products used in emergency situations(PPE for short-term use).

Personal protective equipment used in production, at the place of their use, are divided into:

1. head protection;

2. means of respiratory protection;

3. means of protecting the organs of vision and face;

4. hearing protection;

5. hand protection;

6. means of protection of legs;

7. means of protecting the body;

8. skin protection products;

9. combined means of protection.

10. Head protection means are designed to protect a person from falling and sharp objects, as well as to soften blows. They are used when:

There is a risk of injury from materials, tools or other sharp objects that fall down, tip over, slide off, are thrown or thrown down;

There is a danger of collision with sharp protruding or hanging objects of irregular shape, as well as with suspended or swinging objects (weights);

There is a risk of contact with electrical wires.

Such means include helmets or special helmets.

Respiratory protection designed to protect against inhalation and entry into the human body of harmful substances (dust, gas, steam) released during various technological processes.

There are two types of respiratory protective equipment: filtering and insulating. Filtering - air cleaned from impurities from the working area enters the breathing zone, insulating - air from special containers or from a clean space located outside the working area.

Insulating protective equipment must be used:

In conditions of a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air;

In conditions of air pollution with high concentrations of harmful substances or when the concentration of these substances is unknown;

In conditions where there is no filter that protects against pollution;

In the case of heavy work, when breathing through the filtering means of the personal respiratory protection equipment is difficult due to the resistance of the filter.

In cases where there is no need for insulating respiratory protection, filtering protective equipment should be used.

The advantages of filtering protective equipment are their lightness, freedom of movement for the worker, ease of solution when changing jobs. The disadvantages of filtering respiratory protection are:

Limited shelf life of filters;

Difficulty breathing due to filter resistance;

The limited time of the filter itself.

Means of protection of organs of vision and face. They are designed to protect against harmful mechanical, chemical and radiation effects. These funds are used when performing the following works:

grinding;

Sandblasting;

Spraying, spraying;

Mechanical processing of metal and other materials;

When using caustic liquids;

Harmful thermal effects, etc.

These funds are made in the form of glasses or shields. In some cases, eye protection is used in conjunction with respiratory protection, such as special headgear.

In working conditions where there is a risk of radiation exposure (welding work), it is important to choose protective filters for the eyes of the required degree of density.

Hearing protection used in noisy industries, when servicing power plants (ICE, GTDU), etc. There are two types of most common hearing protection: ear plugs and earmuffs. Earplugs are made from various materials, when used, they are inserted into the auricles. Headphones consist of two cups connected by a bow. The correct and constant use of hearing protection reduces the noise load in earplugs by 10-20 dB, in headphones - 20-30 dB.

As hand protection Gloves are made from a variety of materials. These tools are used when working in electroplating shops, foundries, when machining metal, wood, when loading and unloading, welding, when working with vibrating tools and in other cases. Various fabric materials, elastic-deforming, rubber, plastic materials are used as the material of mittens.

Leg protection are used when performing a number of production operations where there is a risk of falling objects, when working with heavy objects; in construction; in foundry, forging, steel production; in rooms where the floors are flooded with water, oil, etc. They are designed to protect the feet and toes. For this purpose, boots, boots are used. Some types of safety shoes are equipped with a reinforced sole that protects the foot from sharp objects (metal chips, protruding nails) or a special outsole that protects against the risk of injury, from falling on slippery ice, a floor filled with water or oil. Special anti-vibration shoes are used.

When performing work in the foundry, electroplating shops; loading or unloading, mechanical processing of metal, in construction, the manufacture of building materials (cement, gypsum, asbestos, etc.), body protection means are used in the form of overalls, which are sewn from special materials depending on the impact of various substances and materials.

Suits, overalls, aprons, dressing gowns, etc. are used as overalls.

Skin protection necessary in contact with substances and materials harmful to the skin; mechanical influences, as a result of which scratches and wounds appear, and the skin becomes more susceptible to the effects of harmful substances. The risk of such exposure can be reduced by reducing the time of contact with harmful substances, replacing harmful substances with less harmful ones. To prevent skin damage, use soap that softens the skin; Hand cleaners may only be used in case of very heavy soiling. The choice of protective cream depends on the nature of the work.

At present, there is a trend towards the creation of universal (combined) protective equipment with a complex protective equipment. So earlier, an autonomous FASH helmet was created, designed to protect the head, eyes and respiratory organs working in an industrial environment contaminated with toxic gases and aerosols. The protection efficiency for aerosols is more than 0.99, the time of continuous work in the helmet is not more than 2 hours, the temperature range is from 0 to 35 0 C. To protect the head, eyes and respiratory organs of the welder, an autonomous pneumatic helmet APSh-S was created, which protects against direct welding radiation. arcs, molten metal spatter and welding fumes.

For work in especially dangerous conditions (in isolated volumes, during the repair of heating furnaces, gas networks, etc.) and emergency situations (in case of fire, emergency release of chemical or radioactive substances, etc.), ISIZ and various individual devices are used. They find the use of ISIZ from thermal, chemical, ionizing and bacteriological effects. The nomenclature (list) of such ISIS (ionizing personal protective equipment) is constantly expanding. As a rule, they provide comprehensive protection of a person from traumatic and harmful factors, simultaneously creating protection for the organs of vision, hearing, breathing, as well as protection for individual parts of the human body.

When working with radioactive substances - to the means everyday use include dressing gowns, overalls, suits, special footwear and some types of anti-dust respirators. Workwear for daily use is made from cotton fabric. If it is possible to influence working aggressive chemical substances, outerwear is made from synthetic materials.

The use of PPE and ISIS is accompanied by certain inconveniences:

Vision restriction;

Difficulty breathing;

Restriction in movement, etc.

In cases where workplace permanently, these inconveniences can be eliminated by the use of protective cabins equipped with air conditioning systems, vibration and noise protection, protection from radiation and energy fields. Such cabins are used on vehicles, in hot shops, machine rooms of thermal power plants, etc.

Safe work is also ensured by the use of personal protective devices. So, when working at height, in wells and other confined spaces, it is necessary to use rescue belts, safety ropes.

There are certain requirements for PPE during their selection and use. Their use should ensure maximum safety, and the inconvenience associated with their use should be minimized. This is achieved by following the instructions for their use.

The requirements for PPE are different depending on their type.

Thus, it is very important to choose a helmet according to the nature of the work performed, as well as in size, so that it fits firmly on the head and provides sufficient distance between the inner shell of the helmet and the head. If the helmet is cracked or has been subjected to severe physical (in the form of impact or pressure) or thermal stress, it should be discarded.

When choosing PPE for the respiratory system, you need to know the following: what substances you have to work with; in what state are these substances: in the form of gas, vapor or aerosols; is there a danger of oxygen starvation; what are the physical loads in the process of work.

When using eye protection, it is necessary to ensure that they are securely held on the head and do not reduce the field of view, and pollution does not impair vision.

Hearing protection must be worn at all times to achieve effective noise reduction. Even a short-term removal of protective equipment in noisy conditions significantly reduces the effectiveness of protection. Ear plugs should be fitted to the size of the auditory opening, and earmuffs should cover the ears tightly. In case of non-compliance with the above conditions, the level of noise reduction will be no more than 10 dB.

When using plastic or rubber gloves for a long time, cotton gloves should be inserted inside: they keep the skin dry and reduce the risk of skin damage. Before putting on gloves or mittens, hands must be washed so that the gloves do not become contaminated from the inside with harmful substances and, with repeated use, do not contribute to contact with the substances from which they are intended to protect.

Shoes used to protect the feet and toes must first of all be suitable for the type of work performed, and also selected in accordance with the size of the foot.

The requirements for workwear are to provide the greatest comfort for the person, as well as the desired safety.

One of the responsibilities of the management of any company is to provide employees with personal protective equipment if their working conditions pose a threat to their life and/or health. This is a rather important duty, the violation of which in certain cases can be followed by both an administrative and a criminal form of punishment. If it is found that the procedure for providing workers with personal protective equipment was not followed due to intent or negligence, and this led to injury to workers, then such a leader will be brought to justice.

What are these funds?

The concept of personal protective equipment, which we will talk about today and which we will sometimes refer to as PPE for short, includes such things that are required to ensure the complete safety of workers in conditions where the production itself threatens them, and no change in organizational processes or other methods of ensuring the safety of their life and health, including means collective defense, will not be able to provide the desired level of security.

The main forms of these things

It is possible to carry out a fairly simple classification of such things, depending on their purpose. Which means to choose depends on what kind of threat exists for your employees.

1. Special isolation suits. They provide almost absolute protection of the body from certain influences. This includes both chemical protection suits and anti-radiation suits, as well as various spacesuits and other means of this kind.
2. For those situations when work is carried out in an atmospheric environment that requires the organization of filtration before human consumption of oxygen, were invented special means that protect the respiratory system. These are gas masks, various masks and respirators, pneumatic jackets and much more.
3. An important role is played by clothing, which is of a special nature, aimed at protecting the body. It is the provision of workers with overalls that is most often required from employers in relation to their employees, as it concerns many industries. This section includes special coats and sheepskin coats, bathrobes, suits, jackets and other things that fall under the definition of clothing.
4. Hand protection equipment will be needed by everyone who works with substances potentially dangerous for the skin in particular and the body in general, for example, chemicals or electricity. Such means include various gloves, mittens and the like.
5. Head protection is often required, especially during construction work. These include, first of all, helmets, but also berets, hats and the like.
6. More rare are elements aimed at protecting the facial region of the head, such as protective shields. They are usually used in conjunction with other types of PPE.
7. Other means of protection that protect other organs and parts of the human body, such as eyes and hearing, as well as tools to ensure human safety when working at height, such as safety ropes and the like.

What can be violations on the part of the employer?

A common violation of our country's labor law is that workers are forced to purchase such protective equipment with their own money or withhold part of their salary. In fact, the law directly and unequivocally says that such expenses fall on the shoulders of the employer. He must carry out the purchase himself and issue all the necessary funds in a timely manner. Moreover, it is he who must deal with storage, drying and other work with similar means, and also monitor their safety and condition in order, if necessary, to carry out an immediate replacement.

When purchasing PPE, the employer must pay attention to whether certain items that he buys have a special certificate of conformity with the requirements. Often, funds produced abroad are not subject to the provisions on the procedure for their use that exist in our legislation. As a result, the very first inspection will impose a fine on the enterprise, and work will be stopped until the workers receive the funds that are really able to effectively protect them.

What kind of personal protective equipment should be used in certain industries is regulated by the Model Industry Standards. They are absolute, and therefore any employer is strongly advised to familiarize themselves with them.

The employer does not have the right to worsen the remedies provided for by law, but to improve - yes. Most often this happens in agreement with the trade union or at the direct request of the workers themselves. The conditions of many industries are somewhat unique and therefore require an individual approach on the part of employers. Such an improvement also benefits them, as it helps to attract new employees, and also increases the corporate loyalty of people already in the service. But it is the improvement in favor of greater protection that is acceptable, and not the opposite - the issuance of personal protective equipment to employees that is insufficient according to industry standards.

Additional rules

In some cases, if some unique characteristics of the production so require, the employer may replace a certain item of equipment specified in the Model Regulations, but the new item must provide the same complete protection. you can find detailed list protective equipment that can be interchanged with each other in state requirements. But remember that any such changes must be consistent with the two authorities. The first is the labor protection inspector, who represents the side of the state. The second is a specific body authorized by workers to represent their interests, usually a trade union. Such changes cannot be made without their permission.

It is unacceptable that personal protective equipment is not suitable for employees based on gender, height, weight, and others. Elements that are not suitable for them cannot provide a sufficient level of security. If this is found during the inspection, the company may be subject to an administrative penalty in the form of a fine or other form of punishment with an order to give employees the right sets of things.

According to the time frame for which personal protective equipment should be received by employees, the law provides for several options. Issuance is possible for the period of one work shift individually for each employee so that the delivery is carried out upon completion of all necessary work. Or the funds may not be issued to any specific employee, but for a specific workplace, in which case they will simply be transferred from one shift to another. In this case, the foreman or another person who heads the shift / department, or who has received appropriate authority from the employer, is considered responsible for their safety.

Clothing designed to protect workers from the cold (for example, sheepskin coats) can be issued immediately upon the onset of cold weather and remain with workers until warm, after which it is handed over to the employer, who must organize its storage. In this case, specific dates and terms are negotiated by the management and the trade union of workers, so that the interests of all persons and the climatic features of the region in which the work is carried out are taken into account.

Often there are situations in which workers combine different professions and positions in the same production. In such a case, whenever the scope of their work changes, it must be ensured that they receive all the necessary personal protective equipment. Employers often miss the point that in a combined profession, an employee needs some kind of additional element these funds and do not issue it in a timely manner, which is a rather dangerous violation for the health and life of an employee.

Rights and obligations of employees

In turn, the employee must take care of the safety of the protective equipment at his disposal.

If any problems arise, as well as the need to carry out special cleaning procedures with the means or even replace them, you must immediately inform the management about this.
In conclusion, I would like to mention that according to Labor Code RF, if an employer cannot provide his employees with the means of protection they need according to the norms, then he cannot demand that they perform their work. This forced downtime is fully paid in accordance with the existing norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. If intersectoral rules for providing employees with special clothing are violated, employees have the right to file a complaint and demand payment of their wages.

The company is at risk of significant problems if the issuance of personal protective equipment to employees is not carried out as it should according to the rules and requirements. Even if the violation in your particular case does not result in people being harmed, it can still have serious consequences for the company. Therefore, all personal protective equipment for employees must be received by employees on time. Otherwise, you will have to pay a fine and suffer a temporary suspension of production until all violations are corrected. And this is Lost time and money.