Theme and idea of the story matrenin dvor. A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard". Subject, idea, main characters of the work - Essays, Abstracts, Reports. Matrenin dvor brief analysis

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The story "Matryonin's Dvor" was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1959. The first title of the story is "A village is not worth a righteous man" (Russian proverb). The final version of the name was invented by Tvardovsky, who was at that time the editor of the Novy Mir magazine, where the story was published in No. 1 for 1963. At the insistence of the editors, the beginning of the story was changed and the events were attributed not to 1956, but to 1953. that is, to the pre-Khrushchev era. This is a bow to Khrushchev, thanks to whose permission Solzhenitsyn's first story, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), was published.

The image of the narrator in "Matryonin's Dvor" is autobiographical. After Stalin's death, Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated, actually lived in the village of Miltsevo (Talnovo in the story) and rented a corner from Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova (Grigorieva in the story). Solzhenitsyn very accurately conveyed not only the details of the life of the prototype of Marena, but also the peculiarities of everyday life and even the local dialect of the village.

Literary direction and genre

Solzhenitsyn developed the Tolstoyan tradition of Russian prose in a realistic direction. The story combines the features of an artistic sketch, the story itself, and elements of a life. The life of the Russian countryside is reflected so objectively and diversely that the work comes close to the genre of a "novel-type story". In this genre, the character of the hero is shown not only at a turning point in his development, but also the history of the character, the stages of his formation, is highlighted. The fate of the hero reflects the fate of the entire era and the country (as Solzhenitsyn says, the land).

Problematic

In the center of the story are moral issues. Are many human lives worth the seized plot or the human greedy decision not to make a second trip with a tractor? Material values are valued by the people higher than the person himself. Thaddeus lost a son and a once beloved woman, his son-in-law is threatened with prison, and his daughter is inconsolable. But the hero is thinking about how to save the logs that the workers at the crossing did not manage to burn.

Mystical motives are at the center of the story. This is the motive of the unrecognized righteous man and the problem of cursing on things that are touched by people with unclean hands who pursue selfish goals. So Thaddeus undertook to bring down Matryona's room, thereby making her cursed.

Plot and composition

The story "Matryonin's yard" has a time frame. In one paragraph, the author says that at one of the crossings and 25 years after a certain event, trains slow down. That is, the frame refers to the early 80s, the rest of the story is an explanation of what happened at the move in 1956, in the year of the Khrushchev thaw, when "something has moved."

The hero-storyteller finds the place of his teaching in an almost mystical way, having heard a special Russian dialect at the bazaar and settled in "kondova Russia", in the village of Talnovo.

In the center of the plot is the life of Matryona. The narrator learns about her fate from herself (she talks about how Thaddeus, who disappeared in the first war, wooed her, and how she married his brother, who disappeared in the second). But the hero learns more about the silent Matryona from his own observations and from others.

The story describes in detail Matryona's hut, which stands in a picturesque place by the lake. Izba plays an important role in Matryona's life and death. To understand the meaning of the story, you need to imagine a traditional Russian hut. Matryona's hut was divided into two halves: the dwelling hut itself with a Russian stove and the upper room (it was built for the eldest son to separate him when he gets married). It is this room that Thaddeus dismantles in order to build a hut for Matryona's niece and his own daughter Kira. The hut in the story is animated. Wallpaper that has lagged behind the wall is called its inner skin.

Ficuses in tubs are also endowed with lively features, reminding the narrator of a silent, but lively crowd.

The development of an action in a story is a static state of harmonious coexistence of the narrator and Matryona, who “do not find the meaning of everyday existence in food”. The culmination of the story is the moment of the destruction of the upper room, and the work ends with the main idea and a bitter omen.

Heroes of the story

The hero-storyteller, whom Matryona calls Ignatic, makes it clear from the first lines that he has arrived from places of detention. He is looking for a job as a teacher in the wilderness, in the Russian outback. Only the third village satisfies him. Both the first and the second turn out to be corrupted by civilization. Solzhenitsyn makes it clear to the reader that he condemns the attitude of Soviet bureaucrats towards man. The narrator despises the authorities that do not appoint Matryona a pension, forcing her to work on the collective farm for sticks, not only not giving peat for the furnace, but also forbidding her to ask about it. He instantly decides not to extradite Matryona, who brewed moonshine, hides her crime, for which she faces prison.

Having experienced and seen a lot, the narrator, embodying the author's point of view, acquires the right to judge everything that he observes in the village of Talnovo - a miniature incarnation of Russia.

Matryona is the main character of the story. The author says about her: "Those people have good faces who are in harmony with their consciences." At the moment of meeting Matryona's face is yellow, and her eyes are clouded with disease.

To survive, Matryona grows small potatoes, secretly brings forbidden peat from the forest (up to 6 bags a day) and secretly mows hay for her goat.

In Matryona there was no woman's curiosity, she was delicate, she did not annoy with questions. Matryona today is a lost old woman. The author knows about her that she got married even before the revolution, that she had 6 children, but everyone was dying quickly, "so two did not live right away." Matryona's husband did not return from the war, but went missing. The hero suspected that he had a new family somewhere abroad.

Matryona had a quality that distinguished her from the rest of the village: she disinterestedly helped everyone, even the collective farm, from which she was expelled due to illness. There is a lot of mystical in her image. In her youth, she could lift bags of any weight, stopped a horse at a gallop, had a presentiment of her death, fearing steam locomotives. Another omen of her death is a bowler hat with holy water that disappeared out of nowhere for Epiphany.

Matryona's death seems to be an accident. But why, on the night of her death, the mice rush about like mad? The narrator assumes that it was 30 years later that Matryona's brother-in-law Thaddeus threatened to chop Matryona and his own brother who married her.

After death, Matryona's holiness is revealed. The mourners notice that she, completely crushed by the tractor, has only her right hand left to pray to God. And the narrator pays attention to her face, rather alive than dead.

The villagers speak of Matryona with disdain, not understanding her disinterestedness. The sister-in-law considers her unscrupulous, not careful, not inclined to accumulate good, Matryona did not seek her own benefit and helped others for free. Even Matryonin's cordiality and simplicity were despised by her fellow villagers.

Only after his death, the narrator realized that Matryona, “not chasing a plant,” indifferent to food and clothing, is the basis, the core of all Russia. On such a righteous man stands a village, a city and a country ("all our land"). For the sake of one righteous man, as in the Bible, God can spare the earth, keep it from fire.

Artistic identity

Matryona appears before the hero as a fabulous creature, like Baba Yaga, who reluctantly gets off the stove to feed the passing prince. She, like a fairy-tale grandmother, has animal helpers. Shortly before Matryona's death, the bent-footed cat leaves the house, the mice, anticipating the death of the old woman, rustle especially. But cockroaches are indifferent to the fate of the mistress. Following Matryona, her favorite ficuses, similar to a crowd, die: they are of no practical value and are taken out into the cold after Matryona's death.

The analysis of the story "Matrenin Dvor" includes a description of its characters, a summary, the history of creation, the disclosure of the main idea and problems that the author of the work touched upon.

According to Solzhenitsyn, the story is based on real events, "completely autobiographical."

In the center of the story is a picture of the life of a Russian village in the 50s. XX century, the problem of the village, reasoning on the topic of the main human values, questions of goodness, justice and compassion, the problem of labor, the ability to go to the rescue of a neighbor who found himself in a difficult situation. All these qualities are possessed by a righteous man, without whom “the village is not worth it”.

History of the creation of "Matryonina Dvor"

Initially, the title of the story was: "A village is not worth a righteous man." The final version was proposed at editorial discussion in 1962 by Alexander Tvardovsky. The writer noted that the meaning of the name should not be preachy. In response, Solzhenitsyn good-naturedly concluded that he was unlucky with titles.

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn (1918 - 2008)

Work on the story was carried out over several months - from July to December 1959. It was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1961.

In January 1962, during the first editorial discussion, Tvardovsky convinced the author, and at the same time himself, that the work was not worth publishing. Nevertheless, he asked to leave the manuscript in the editorial office. As a result, the story was published in 1963 in Novy Mir.

It is noteworthy that the life and death of Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova are reflected in this work as truthfully as possible - exactly as it really was. The real name of the village is Miltsevo, it is located in the Kuplovsky district of the Vladimir region.

Critics greeted the author's work warmly, appreciating its artistic value. The essence of Solzhenitsyn's work was very accurately described by A. Tvardovsky: an uneducated, simple woman, an ordinary toiler, an old peasant woman ... how can such a person attract so much attention and curiosity?

Maybe because her inner world is very rich and sublime, endowed with the best human qualities, and against its background everything worldly, material, empty dims. For these words, Solzhenitsyn was very grateful to Tvardovsky. In a letter to him, the author noted the importance of his words for himself, and also pointed to the depth of his writer's view, from which the main idea of the work was not hidden - the story of a loving and suffering woman.

Genre and idea of the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

"Matrenin's Dvor" belongs to the genre of the story. It is a narrative epic genre, the main features of which are the small volume and unity of the event.

Solzhenitsyn's work tells about the unfairly cruel fate of an ordinary person, about the life of the villagers, about the Soviet order of the 50s of the last century, when, after Stalin's death, the orphaned Russian people did not understand how to live on.

The narration is conducted on behalf of Ignatyich, who throughout the entire plot, it seems to us, acts only as an abstract observer.

Description and characteristics of the main characters

The list of characters in the story is not numerous; it boils down to several characters.

Matryona Grigorieva- a woman of advanced years, a peasant woman who worked all her life on a collective farm and who was freed from hard manual labor due to a serious illness.

She always tried to help people, even strangers. When the narrator comes to her to rent an apartment, the author notes the modesty and disinterestedness of this woman.

Matryona never deliberately looked for a tenant, did not seek to cash in on this. All her possessions consisted of flowers, an old cat and a goat. Matryona's selflessness knows no boundaries. Even her marital union with the groom's brother is explained by the desire to help. Since their mother had died, there was no one to do the housework, then Matryona took upon herself this burden.

The peasant woman had six children, but they all died at an early age. Therefore, the woman took up the education of Kira, the youngest daughter of Thaddeus. Matryona worked from early morning to late evening, but she never showed her displeasure to anyone, did not complain of fatigue, did not grumble about fate.

She was kind and responsive to everyone. She never complained, did not want to be a burden for someone. The grown-up Kira Matryona decided to give her room, but for this it was necessary to divide the house. During the move, Thaddeus' belongings got stuck on the railway, and the woman died under the wheels of the train. From that moment on, there was no man capable of selfless help.

Meanwhile, Matryona's relatives thought only about gain, about how to divide the things left over from her. The peasant woman was very different from the rest of the village. This was the same righteous man - the only one, irreplaceable and so invisible to the people around him.

Ignatyich is the prototype of the writer. At one time, the hero served exile, then he was acquitted. Since then, the man set out to find a quiet corner where you can spend the rest of your life in peace and serenity, working as a simple school teacher. Ignatyevich found his refuge with Matryona.

The narrator is a closed person who does not like excessive attention and long conversations. He prefers peace and quiet to all this. Meanwhile, he managed to find a common language with Matryona, however, due to the fact that he did not understand people well, he could comprehend the meaning of the life of a peasant woman only after her death.

Thaddeus- Matryona's ex-fiancé, Yefim's brother. In his youth, he was going to marry her, but went into the army, and there was no news of him for three years. Then Matryona was given in marriage to Yefim. Returning, Thaddeus almost hacked his brother and Matryona with an ax, but he came to his senses in time.

The hero is distinguished by cruelty and incontinence. Without waiting for Matryona's death, he began to demand from her a part of the house for his daughter and her husband. Thus, it is Thaddeus who is to blame for the death of Matryona, who was hit by a train, helping her family to take her home apart. He was not at the funeral.

The story is divided into three parts. The first tells about the fate of Ignatyich, about the fact that he is a former prisoner and now works as a school teacher. Now he needs a quiet refuge, which kind Matryona gladly provides him.

The second part tells about the difficult events in the fate of the peasant woman, about the youth of the main character and about the fact that the war took her lover from her and she had to link her fate with an unloved person, the brother of her fiancé.

In the third episode, Ignatyevich learns about the death of a poor peasant woman, talks about the funeral and commemoration. Relatives squeeze tears out of themselves, because circumstances require it. There is no sincerity in them, their thoughts are occupied only with how it is more profitable for themselves to divide the property of the deceased.

Problems and arguments of the work

Matryona is a person who does not require a reward for her bright deeds, she is ready for self-sacrifice for the good of another person. They do not notice her, do not appreciate her, and do not try to understand her. Matryona's whole life is full of suffering, starting from her youth, when she had to connect fate with an unloved person, endure the pain of loss, ending with maturity and old age with their frequent illnesses and hard manual labor.

The meaning of the heroine's life is in hard work, in it she forgets about all the sorrows and problems. Her joy is caring for others, helping, compassion and love for people. This is the main theme of the story.

The problematic of the work is reduced to questions of morality. The fact is that in the village material values are placed above spiritual values, they prevail over humanity.

The complexity of Matryona's character, the loftiness of her soul are inaccessible to the understanding of the greedy people surrounding the heroine. They are driven by the thirst for accumulation and profit, which obscures their eyes and does not allow them to see the kindness, sincerity and dedication of the peasant woman.

Matryona serves as an example of the fact that the difficulties and hardships of life temper a strong-minded person, they are unable to break him. After the death of the main character, everything that she built begins to crumble: the house is pulled apart in pieces, the remnants of the pitiful property are divided, the yard is left to fend for itself. No one sees what a terrible loss has occurred, what a wonderful person has left this world.

The author shows the frailty of the material, teaches not to judge people by money and regalia. The true meaning lies in the moral image. It remains in our memory even after the death of the person from whom this amazing light of sincerity, love and mercy emanated.

Several of Solzhenitsyn's works were published in the Novy Mir magazine, including Matrenin's Dvor. The story, according to the writer, is "completely autobiographical and authentic." It talks about the Russian village, about its inhabitants, about their values, about goodness, justice, sympathy and compassion, work and help - qualities that fit in a righteous man, without whom "the village is not worth it."

"Matrenin's Dvor" is a story about the injustice and cruelty of a person's fate, about the Soviet order of the post-Stalin era and about the life of the most ordinary people who live far from city life. The narration is conducted not on behalf of the main character, but on behalf of the narrator, Ignatyich, who, in the whole story, seems to play the role of only an outside observer. The story described in the story dates back to 1956 - three years have passed since Stalin's death, and then the Russian people did not yet know and did not realize how to live on.

"Matrenin Dvor" is divided into three parts:

The first tells the story of Ignatyich, it begins at the Torfprodukt station. The hero immediately reveals his cards, without making any secret out of this: he is a former prisoner, and now he works as a teacher at a school, he came there in search of peace and tranquility. In Stalin's time, it was almost impossible for people who were in prison to find a job, and after the death of the leader, many became school teachers (a scarce profession). Ignatyich stops with an elderly hardworking woman named Matryona, with whom he is easy to communicate and calm in his soul. Her dwelling was poor, the roof sometimes leaked, but that did not mean at all that there was no comfort in it: “Maybe, to some of the village, who is richer, Matryona's hut did not seem to be well-lived, but we were quite happy with her that autumn and winter good. "
The second part tells about Matryona's youth, when she had to go through a lot. The war took her fiancé Fadey away from her, and she had to marry his brother, who still had children in his arms. Taking pity on him, she became his wife, although she did not love him at all. But three years later, Fadey suddenly returned, whom the woman still loved. The returning warrior hated her and her brother for their betrayal. But a hard life could not kill her kindness and hard work, because it was in work and caring for others that she found consolation. Even Matryona died, doing business - she helped her beloved and her sons to drag a part of her house across the railroad tracks, which was bequeathed to Kira (his daughter). And this death entailed the greed, greed and callousness of Fadey: he decided to take away the inheritance while Matryona was still alive.
The third part tells how the narrator learns about Matryona's death, describes the funeral and commemoration. People who are close to her do not cry out of grief, but rather because it is so customary, and in their heads they only have thoughts about the division of the property of the deceased. There is no Fadey at the commemoration.

main characters

Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva is an elderly woman, a peasant woman who was released from work on a collective farm due to illness. She was always happy to help people, even strangers. In the episode, when the narrator settles in her hut, the author mentions that she deliberately never looked for a lodger, that is, she did not want to earn money on this basis, she did not even profit from what she could. Her wealth was pots of figs and an old domestic cat, which she took from the street, a goat, as well as mice and cockroaches. Marrying the brother of her fiancé Matryona also came out of a desire to help: "Their mother died ... they did not have enough hands."

Matryona herself also had children, six, but they all died in early childhood, so she later took the youngest daughter Fadey Kira for upbringing. Matryona got up early in the morning, worked until dark, but showed no one tiredness or discontent: she was kind and responsive to everyone. She was always very afraid of becoming a burden to someone, did not complain, even to call a doctor was once again afraid. The matured Kira Matryona wanted to give her room as a gift, for which it was necessary to divide the house - during the move, Fadey's things got stuck in the sleds on the railway tracks, and Matryona was hit by a train. Now there was no one to ask for help, there was no person who was ready to disinterestedly come to the rescue. But the relatives of the deceased kept in mind only the thought of profit, of dividing what was left of the poor peasant woman, already thinking about it at the funeral. Matryona stood out very strongly against the background of her fellow villagers, she was thus irreplaceable, inconspicuous and the only righteous person.

Narrator, Ignatyevich, to some extent is the prototype of the writer. He left the link and was acquitted, after which he set out in search of a calm and serene life, he wanted to work as a school teacher. He found refuge with Matryona. Judging by the desire to move away from the bustle of the city, the narrator is not very sociable, he loves silence. He worries when a woman mistakenly picks up his quilted jacket, and he cannot find a place for himself from the loudness of the loudspeaker. The narrator got along with the mistress of the house, this shows that he is still not entirely antisocial. Nevertheless, he does not understand people very well: he understood the meaning that Matryona lived only after she passed away.

Topics and problems

Solzhenitsyn in his story "Matrenin's Dvor" tells about the life of the inhabitants of the Russian countryside, about the system of relations between power and people, about the high sense of selfless labor in the kingdom of selfishness and greed.

Of all this, the theme of labor is most clearly shown. Matryona is a person who does not ask for anything in return, and is ready to give himself everything for the good of others. They do not appreciate her and do not even try to understand, and after all, this is a person who experiences a tragedy every day: at first, the mistakes of youth and the pain of loss, after that - frequent illnesses, hysterical work, not life, but survival. But from all the problems and hardships Matryona finds solace in her work. And, in the end, it is work and backbreaking work that brings her to death. The meaning of Matryona's life is exactly this, and also care, help, a desire to be needed. Therefore, active love for others is the main theme of the story.

The problem of morality also occupies an important place in the story. Material values in the village are exalted over the human soul and its labor, over humanity in general. The secondary characters are simply incapable of understanding the depth of Matryona's character: greed and the desire to have more obscures their eyes and does not allow them to see kindness and sincerity. Fadey lost his son and wife, his son-in-law is threatened with imprisonment, but his thoughts are occupied with how to save the logs that they did not manage to burn.

In addition, the story has a theme of mysticism: the motive of an unidentified righteous man and the problem of damned things - which were touched by people full of self-interest. Fadey made the upper room of Matryona's hut cursed, undertaking to bring it down.

Idea

The aforementioned themes and problems in the story "Matrenin's Dvor" are aimed at revealing the depth of the main character's pure worldview. An ordinary peasant woman serves as an example of the fact that difficulties and losses only temper the Russian person, and do not break him. With the death of Matryona, everything that she figuratively built collapses. Her house is pulled apart, the remains of the property are divided among themselves, the yard remains empty, ownerless. Therefore, her life looks pitiful, no one realizes the loss. But won't the same thing happen to the palaces and jewels of the powerful? The author demonstrates the frailty of the material and teaches us not to judge others by wealth and achievements. The true meaning is the moral image, which does not fade even after death, because it remains in the memory of those who saw its light.

Perhaps, over time, the heroes will notice that they are missing a very important part of their life: invaluable values. Why reveal global moral problems in such a miserable setting? And what then is the meaning of the title of the story "Matrenin's yard"? The last words that Matryona was a righteous woman erase the boundaries of her court and push them to the scale of the whole world, thereby making the problem of morality universal.

Folk character in the work

Solzhenitsyn argued in the article “Repentance and Self-Restriction”: “There are such inborn angels, they seem to be weightless, they slide as if on top of this slurry, not drowning in it at all, even touching its surface with their feet? Each of us met such, they are not ten and not one hundred in Russia, these are the righteous, we saw them, we were surprised ("eccentrics"), we used their good, in good moments they answered them the same, they have, and immediately plunged again to our doomed depth. "

Matrona is distinguished from the rest by the ability to preserve humanity and a solid core inside. To those who shamelessly used her help and kindness, it might seem that she is weak-willed and malleable, but the heroine helped, proceeding only from inner disinterestedness and moral greatness.

According to Solzhenitsyn, the story is based on real events, "completely autobiographical."

History of the creation of "Matryonina Dvor"

Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn (1918 - 2008)

Work on the story was carried out over several months - from July to December 1959. It was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1961.

Genre and idea of the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

"Matrenin's Dvor" belongs to the genre of the story. It is a narrative epic genre, the main features of which are the small volume and unity of the event.

The narration is conducted on behalf of Ignatyich, who throughout the entire plot, it seems to us, acts only as an abstract observer.

Description and characteristics of the main characters

The list of characters in the story is not numerous; it boils down to several characters.

Matryona Grigorieva- a woman of advanced years, a peasant woman who worked all her life on a collective farm and who was freed from hard manual labor due to a serious illness.

She always tried to help people, even strangers. When the narrator comes to her to rent an apartment, the author notes the modesty and disinterestedness of this woman.

Problems and arguments of the work

The problematic of the work is reduced to questions of morality. The fact is that in the village material values are placed above spiritual values, they prevail over humanity.

To Central Russia. Thanks to new trends, the recent prisoner is now not refused to become school teachers in the Vladimir village of Miltsevo (in the story - Talnovo). Solzhenitsyn settles in the hut of a local resident, Matryona Vasilievna, a woman of about sixty, who is often ill. Matryona has neither a husband nor children. Her loneliness is brightened up only by ficuses placed everywhere in the house, and by a pity-legged cat picked up out of pity. (See Description of Matryona's house.)

With warm, lyrical sympathy, AI Solzhenitsyn describes Matryona's difficult life. For many years she has not earned a single ruble. On the collective farm, Matryona works "for the sticks of workdays in the contaminated book of the accountant." The law that came out after Stalin's death finally gives her the right to seek a pension, but even then not for herself, but for the loss of her husband missing in action at the front. To do this, you need to collect a bunch of certificates, and then take them many times to the social security and the village council, 10-20 kilometers away. Matryona's hut is full of mice and cockroaches that cannot be removed. She keeps only a goat of living creatures, and feeds mainly on "kartyu" (potatoes) no larger than a chicken egg: a sandy, unfertilized vegetable garden does not grow larger than it. But even with such a need, Matryona remains a bright person, with a radiant smile. Her work helps her to maintain her good spirits - trips to the forest for peat (with a two-pound sack three kilometers behind her shoulders), mowing hay for a goat, and chores. Due to old age and illness, Matryona has already been released from the collective farm, but the formidable wife of the chairman now and then orders her to help at work for free. Matryona easily agrees to help her neighbors in the gardens without money. Having received 80 rubles of pension from the state, she makes herself new felt boots, a coat from a worn railway overcoat - and believes that her life has noticeably improved.

"Matryona Dvor" - the house of Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova in the village of Miltsevo, Vladimir region, the scene of the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

Soon, Solzhenitsyn learns the history of Matryona's marriage. In her youth, she was going to marry her neighbor Thaddeus. However, he was taken to the German war in 1914 - and he disappeared into the unknown for three years. Without waiting for news from the groom, convinced that he was dead, Matryona married Thaddeus's brother, Efim. But a few months later Thaddeus returned from Hungarian captivity. In his hearts, he threatened to chop Matryona and Yefim with an ax, then cooled down and took over another Matryona from a neighboring village. They lived next door to her. Thaddeus was known in Talnovo as a domineering, stingy man. He constantly beat his wife, although he had six children from her. Matryona and Yefim also had six, but none of them lived more than three months. Yefim, leaving in 1941 for another war, did not return from it. Faddey's wife, Matryona, begged her youngest daughter, Kira, for ten years she raised her as her own, and shortly before Solzhenitsyn's appearance in Talnovo, she married her to a locomotive driver in the village of Cherusti. Matryona told the story of her two suitors to Alexander Isaevich herself, worrying at the same time as a young woman.

Kira and her husband in Cherusty had to get a piece of land, and for this they had to quickly erect some kind of structure. Old Thaddeus in the winter proposed to move there the upper room, attached to Matryona's house. Matryona was going to bequeath this upper room to Kira anyway (and her three sisters marked the house). Under the persistent persuasion of the greedy Thaddeus, Matryona, after two sleepless nights, agreed during her lifetime, breaking part of the roof of the house, dismantling the upper room and transporting it to Cherusti. Before the eyes of the hostess and Solzhenitsyn, Thaddeus with his sons and sons-in-law came to the matryon's yard, rattled with axes, creaked with planks that were torn off, and dismantled the upper room into logs. Matryona's three sisters, having learned how she succumbed to Thaddeus's persuasion, unanimously called her a fool.

Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova - the prototype of the main character of the story

A tractor was driven from Cherustia. The logs of the room were loaded onto two sleighs. The fat-faced tractor driver, in order not to make an extra trip, announced that he would pull two sledges at once - so it was more profitable for him and for the money. Selfless Matryona herself, fussing, helped load the logs. Already in the dark, the tractor with difficulty pulled the heavy load from the mother's yard. The restless toiler did not stay at home even here - she ran away with everyone, to help along the way.

She was no longer destined to return alive ... At a railway crossing, the cable of an overloaded tractor burst. The tractor driver and the son of Thaddeus rushed to get along with him, and Matryona was carried there with them. At this time, two coupled locomotives approached the crossing, backwards and without turning on the lights. Suddenly flying, they smashed to death all three who were bustling about the cable, mutilated the tractor, and fell off the rails themselves. A high-speed train with a thousand passengers almost got into the wreck.

At dawn, from the move on a sled, under a draped dirty sack, they brought everything that was left of Matryona. The body had no legs, no half of the body, no left arm. And the face remained intact, calm, more alive than dead. One woman crossed herself and said:

- The right handle was left to her by the Lord. There will be God to pray ...

The village began to gather for the funeral. Women-relatives lamented over the coffin, but their words showed self-interest. And it was not hidden that Matryona's sisters and her husband's relatives were preparing for a fight for the inheritance of the deceased, for her old house. Only Thaddeus's wife and Cyrus's pupil cried sincerely. Thaddeus himself, who had lost his once beloved woman and son in that catastrophe, obviously thought only about how to save the logs of the upper room that were scattered during the crash near the railway. Asking permission to return them, he now and then rushed from the coffins to the station and village authorities.

A.I.Solzhenitsyn in the village of Miltsevo (in the story - Talnovo). October 1956

On Sunday Matryona and her son Thaddeus were buried. The commemoration has passed. In the next few days Thaddeus pulled out a shed and a fence from the matryon's sisters, which he and his sons dismantled and transported on a sled. Aleksandr Isaevich moved to one of Matryona's sister-in-law, who often and always spoke with contemptuous regret of her cordiality, simplicity, how she was “stupid, helped strangers for free,” “she didn’t chase after the acquisition and didn’t even keep a piglet.” For Solzhenitsyn, it was from these scornful words that a new image of Matryona emerged, which he did not understand, even living side by side with her. This stranger to her sisters, a funny sister-in-law, a non-acquisitive woman who did not save up property to death, buried six children, but did not have her sociable disposition, felt sorry for the nimble cat and once at night in a fire rushed to save not a hut, but her beloved ficuses - and there is that righteous man, without which, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it.

Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich (1918 - 2008) Born on December 11, 1918 in Kislovodsk. Parents came from peasants. This did not stop them from getting a good education. The mother was widowed six months before the birth of her son. To feed him, I went to work as a typist. In 1938, Solzhenitsyn entered the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Rostov University, and in 1941, having received a degree in mathematics, he graduated from the correspondence department of the Institute of Philosophy, Literature and History (IFLI) in Moscow. After the outbreak of World War II, he was drafted into the army (artillery). On February 9, 1945, Solzhenitsyn was arrested by the front-line counterintelligence: when reviewing (opening) his letter to a friend, the NKVD officers discovered critical remarks about JV Stalin. The tribunal sentenced Alexander Isaevich to 8 years in prison with subsequent exile to Siberia.

In 1957, after the beginning of the struggle against the personality cult of Stalin, Solzhenitsyn was rehabilitated. NS Khrushchev personally authorized the publication of his story about the Stalinist camps "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" (1962). In 1967, after Solzhenitsyn sent an open letter to the Congress of the Union of Writers of the USSR, where he called for an end to censorship, his works were banned. Nevertheless, the novels In the First Circle (1968) and Cancer Ward (1969) were circulated in samizdat and were published in the West without the author's consent. In 1970, Alexander Isaevich was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

In 1973, the KGB confiscated the manuscript activity. He died on August 3, 2008, a new work of the writer of the year in Moscow. "GULAG Archipelago". The "Gulag Archipelago" meant prisons, forced labor camps, settlements for exiles scattered throughout the USSR. On February 12, 1974, Solzhenitsyn was arrested, accused of high treason and deported to the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1976 he moved to the United States and lived in Vermont, pursuing a literary career. Only in 1994 was the writer able to return to Russia. Until recently, Solzhenitsyn continued writing and social

The main theme of the work of this writer is not at all criticism of communism and not cursing the Gulag, but the struggle between good and evil - the eternal theme of world art. Solzhenitsyn's work grew not only on the traditions of Russian literature of the 20th century. As a rule, his works are viewed against the background of an extremely limited range of socio-political and literary phenomena of the 19th and 20th centuries. The artistic space of Solzhenitsyn's prose is a combination of three worlds - ideal (Divine), real (earthly) and hellish (diabolical).

The structure of the soul of the Russian person corresponds to this structure of the world. It is also three-part and is a combination of several principles: holy, human and bestial. In different periods, one of these principles is suppressed, the other begins to dominate, and this explains the high ups and downs of the Russian people. The time, which Solzhenitsyn writes about in the story "Matrenin's Yard", in his opinion, is one of the most terrible failures in Russian history, the time of the triumph of the Antichrist. For Solzhenitsyn, the diabolical antiworld is the realm of selfishness and primitive rationalism, the triumph of self-interest and the denial of absolute values; it is dominated by the cult of earthly well-being, and man is proclaimed the measure of all values.

Elements of oral folklore in the story "Matryonin Dvor" Traditional is the disclosure of the inner world of the heroine on the basis of song stylistics. So, Matryona has a "melodious" speech: "She did not speak, she sang sweetly," "benevolent words ... began with some low anguish, like grandmothers in fairy tales." The impression was strengthened by the inclusion of "melodious" dialectisms in the text. The dialectic words used in the story very vividly convey the speech of the heroine's native land: kart, cardboard soup, by the evening (by evening), upper room, duel (blizzard), etc. Matryona has firm ideas about how to sing “in our ”, And her recollection of her youth evokes in the narrator an association with“ a song under the sky, which has long been behind and cannot be sung with the mechanisms ”. The story uses proverbs reflecting the bitter experience of people's life: "Dunno lies on the stove, they lead the knowledge on a string", "There are two mysteries in the world: how I was born - I don't remember how I will die - I don't know."

At the end of the story, folk wisdom becomes the basis for evaluating the heroine: "... she is the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb (meaning, the proverb" A city does not stand without a saint, a village without a righteous man "), the village does not stand." In the story "Matrenin's Yard", there are many signs that promise something unkind. It should be recalled that signs are characteristic of many folklore works: songs, epics, fairy tales, etc. Tragic events are foreshadowed by Matryona's fear of moving ("I was afraid ... most of all for some reason ..."), and her kitten was lost at the blessing of water ("... how an unclean spirit carried him away ”), and the fact that“ in the same days a bumpy cat shook him out of the yard ... ”. Nature itself warns the heroine from unkindness. A blizzard, circling for two days, interferes with transportation, after which a thaw immediately begins. Thus, folklore and Christian motives occupy a significant place in this story. Solzhenitsyn uses them because they are directly related to the Russian people. And the fate of the people during the turmoil of the 20th century is the central theme of the entire work of Solzhenitsyn. ... ...

Year of first publication - 1963 Genre: short story Gender: epos Type of artistic speech: prose Plot type: social, everyday, psychological

History of creation The story "Matrenin's Dvor" was written in 1959 and published in 1964. This is Solzhenitsyn's story about the situation in which he found himself after returning from the camp. He "wanted to get lost in the interior of Russia," to find "a quiet corner of Russia, far from the railways." After rehabilitation in 1957, Solzhenitsyn lived in the village of Maltsevo, Kurlovsky District, Vladimir Region, with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova. The former prisoner could only be hired for hard work, he also wanted to teach.

Initially, the author titled his work "A village is not worth a righteous man." It is known that in 1963, in order to avoid friction with the censorship, the publisher AT Tvardovsky changed the name - the idea of righteousness referred to Christianity and was not welcomed in the early 60s of the twentieth century.

Short story In the summer of 1956, a passenger disembarks at the one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometer from Moscow along the railway line to Murom and Kazan. This is a storyteller, whose fate resembles the fate of Solzhenitsyn himself (he fought, but from the front "he was delayed with the return of ten years," documents "groped"). He dreams of working as a teacher in the depths of Russia, away from urban civilization. But it didn't work out to live in the village with the wonderful name Vysokoe Pole, because they didn't bake bread and sell anything edible there. And then he is transferred to a village with a monstrous name for his hearing Peatproduct. However, it turns out that "not everything is around peat extraction" and there are also villages with the names of Chaslitsy, Ovintsy, Spudnya, Shevertni, Shestimirovo. ... ... This reconciles the narrator with his share, for it promises him a "perfect Russia." He settled in one of the villages called Talnovo. The owner of the hut in which the narrator lives is called Matryona Vasilyevna Grigorieva or simply Matryona.

The fate of Matryona, about which she did not immediately, not considering it interesting for a "cultured" person, sometimes in the evenings tells the guest, bewitches and at the same time stuns him. He sees in her fate a special meaning, which Matryona's fellow villagers and relatives do not notice. The husband went missing at the beginning of the war. He loved Matryona and did not beat her, like the village husbands of their wives. But Matryona herself hardly loved him. She was to marry her husband's older brother, Thaddeus. However, he went to the front in the First World War and disappeared. Matryona was waiting for him, but in the end, at the insistence of the Thaddeus family, she married her younger brother, Efim. And then suddenly Thaddeus returned, who was in Hungarian captivity. According to him, he did not cut Matryona and her husband with an ax only because Yefim is his brother. Thaddeus loved Matryona so much that he found a new bride with the same name. "The second Matryona" gave birth to six children to Thaddeus, but the "first Matryona" all of the children from Efim (also six) died before they even lived three months. The whole village decided that Matryona was “spoiled,” and she herself believed it. Then she took up the daughter of the "second Matryona" - Kira, raised her for ten years, until she got married and left for the village of Cherusti.

Matryona lived her whole life as if not for herself. She constantly works for someone: for a collective farm, for neighbors, while doing "muzhik" work, and never asks for money for her. Matryona has tremendous inner strength. For example, she is able to stop a rushing horse on the run, which cannot be stopped by men. Gradually, the narrator realizes that it is precisely on people like Matryona, who give themselves to others without a trace, that the whole village and the entire Russian land still rests. But this discovery hardly pleases him. If Russia rests only on selfless old women, what will happen to her next? Hence - the absurdly tragic end of the story. Matryona dies, helping Thaddeus and his sons to drag a part of their own hut, bequeathed to Kira, across the railway on a sleigh. Thaddeus did not want to wait for Matryona's death and decided to take the inheritance for the young during her lifetime. Thus, he unwittingly provoked her death. When relatives bury Matryona, they cry, rather out of duty than heartily, and think only about the final division of Matryona's property. Thaddeus doesn't even come to the commemoration.

Plot The story is absolutely documentary, there is practically no fiction in it, the events that happened are described in the story with chronological accuracy. The story begins in August 1956 and ends in June 1957. Culmination The culmination is the episode of cutting off the upper room, and the denouement is the moment of Matryona's death at the crossing during the transportation of the log house of her room: “At the crossing there is a hill, the entrance is steep. There is no barrier. With the first sleigh, the tractor overcame, and the cable burst, and the second sleigh ... got stuck ... in the same place ... Matryona was carried too. "

Composition The work consists of three chapters. 1. Image of a Russian village in the early 50s. Includes a detailed exposition: the story of the search for shelter and the acquaintance with the mistress of the house, when the hero is only watching Matryona. 2. The life and fate of the heroine of the story. We learn the story of Matryona, her biography, conveyed in memoirs. 3. Lessons in morality. The third chapter follows the denouement and is an epilogue.

The main characters The Narrator (Ignatich) is an autobiographical character. Matryona calls R. Ignatyich. He left his exile "in the dusty, hot desert" and was rehabilitated. R. wanted to live in some village in central Russia. Once in Talnov, he began to rent a room from Matryona and teach mathematics at a local school. R. is closed, shuns people, does not like noise. He worries when Matryona accidentally puts on his quilted jacket, suffers from the noise of the loudspeaker. But with Matryona herself, the hero got along right away, despite the fact that they lived in the same room: she was very quiet and helpful. But R., an intelligent and experienced person, did not immediately appreciate Matryona. He understood the essence of M. only after the death of the heroine, equating her with the righteous (“A village is not worth a righteous man,” R. recalled).

Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on? Matryona is endowed with a discreet appearance. It is important for the author to portray not so much the external beauty of a simple Russian peasant woman as the internal light streaming from her eyes, and all the more clearly to emphasize his thought: "Those people always have good faces who are in harmony with their conscience."

What artistic details create a picture of Matryona's life? All her "wealth" are ficuses, a bent-legged cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches. The whole world around Matryona in her darkish hut with a large Russian stove is a continuation of herself, a part of her life. Everything here is natural and organic: favorite ficuses "filled the loneliness of the hostess with a silent, but lively crowd."

How does the theme of the heroine's past unfold in the story? The heroine's life is not easy. She had to sip a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband in the war, hellish labor in the village, a serious illness-illness, a bitter resentment against the collective farm, which squeezed all her strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary ... In the fate of Matryona alone, the tragedy of a village Russian woman is concentrated.

How does Matryona appear in the system of other images of the story, what is the attitude of those around her to her? The heroes of the story fall into two unequal parts: Matryona and the author-narrator who understands and loves her, and those who can be called “Nematrena”, her relatives. The border between them is indicated in the fact that the main thing in the consciousness and behavior of each of them is an interest in a common life, a desire to participate in it, an open sincere attitude towards people or a focus only on one's own interests, one's own home, one's own wealth.

Thaddeus is opposed to the image of the righteous woman Matryona in the story. In his words about Matryona's marriage to his brother, fierce hatred is felt. The return of Thaddeus reminded Matryona of their beautiful past. In Thaddeus, nothing trembled after the misfortune with Matryona, he even looked at her dead body with some indifference. The train wreck, under which both the room and the people transporting it were, was predetermined by the petty desire of Thaddeus and his relatives to save money on small things, not to drive the tractor twice, but to get by with one flight. After her death, many began to reproach Matryona. So, the sister-in-law said about her: “. ... ... and she was unclean, and did not pursue the procurement, and was not careful; ... ... ... and stupid, she helped strangers for free. " Even Ignatyich confesses with pain and remorse: “There is no Matryona. A loved one was killed. And on the last day I reproached her for her quilted jacket. "

The conflict between Matryona and the village is not developed in the story; rather, there is indifference and neglect, a lack of understanding of her worldview. We see only one unrighteous Thaddeus, who forced Matryona to give part of the house. After Matryona's death, the village becomes morally impoverished. Describing her funeral, Solzhenitsyn does not hide his dissatisfaction with fellow villagers: Matryona was buried in a poor, not painted coffin, drunken, hoarse voices sang "eternal memory", hastily shared her things. Why are they so heartless? The author explains the anger of people with social problems. Social poverty has brought the village to spiritual poverty. Solzhenitsyn's view of the village of the 1960s is distinguished by harsh, cruel truthfulness. But this one, however, is imbued with pain, and torment, and love, and hope. Love is the desire to change the social order that has brought Russia to the brink of the abyss. The hope is that if there is at least one righteous woman in every village, and he hopes that there is.

The theme of righteousness Solzhenitsyn approaches the theme of righteousness, a favorite in Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century, delicately, unobtrusively, and even with humor. Speaking about Matryona, his hero remarks: “Only she had fewer sins than her bum-legged cat. That - strangled mice !. ... “The writer reinterprets the images of the righteous in Russian literature and depicts as a righteous not a person who has gone through many sins, repented and began to live divinely. He makes righteousness a natural way of life for the heroine. At the same time, Matryona is not a typical image; she is not like other “Talnov women” who live by material interests. She is one of those “three righteous men” who are so hard to find.

Idea: Using the example of revealing the fate of a village woman, show that life losses and suffering only more clearly manifest the measure of the human in each of the people. The idea of "Matryonin's Dvor" and its problems are subordinated to one goal: to reveal the beauty of the heroine's Christian-Orthodox worldview.

Artistic space The artistic space of the story is interesting. It begins with its name, then expands to the railway station, which is "one hundred and eighty-fourth kilometers from Moscow along the branch that goes from Murom to Kazan", and to the villages "beyond the hill", and then covers the whole country that receives foreign delegation, and extends even into the Universe, which should be filled by artificial satellites of the Earth. Images of houses and roads are associated with the category of space, symbolizing the life of the heroes.

Problems: üRussian village of the beginning of the 50s, its life, customs, morals ü The relationship between the authorities and the person-worker üPunishing power of love üSpecial holiness of the heroine's thoughts.

The values of the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn asserts universal human moral values. The story "Matryonin Dvor" calls not to repeat the mistakes of the past generation, so that people become more humane and moral. After all, these are the basic values of humanity!

Anna Akhmatova about the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona's yard" "An amazing thing ... This is more terrible than" Ivan Denisovich "... There you can shove everything into the cult of personality, but here ... to smithereens ... "

The statements of A. I. Solzhenitsyn about the heroine of the story “Matryonin's yard” are the same “She is a veteran, without a forerunner, she is not a village. Not a hundred city. Not all our land. " "Those people always have good faces, who are in harmony with their consciences."

“There are such inborn angels, they seem to be weightless, they seem to slide over this slime (violence, lies, myths about happiness and legality), not drowning in it at all”. A. I. Solzhenitsyn A true man shows himself almost only in moments of farewell and suffering - he is this, and remember him ... V. Rasputin

ANALYSIS OF THE STORY OF A. I. SOLZHENITSYN "MATRENIN YARD"

The purpose of the lesson: to try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of the "common man", to understand the philosophical meaning of the story.

Methodological techniques: analytical conversation, text comparison.

DURING THE CLASSES

1.The teacher's word

The story "Matrenin's Dvor", like "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich", was written in 1959 and published in 1964. "Matrenin's Dvor" is an autobiographical work. This is Solzhenitsyn's story about the situation in which he found himself when he returned “from the dusty hot desert,” that is, from the camp. He "wanted to get lost in the interior of Russia," to find "a quiet corner of Russia, far from the railways." The former prisoner could only be hired for hard work, he also wanted to teach. After rehabilitation in 1957, Solzhenitsyn worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, lived in the village of Miltsevo with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova (where he completed the first edition of In the First Circle). The story "Matrenin's Dvor" goes beyond ordinary memories, but acquires a deep meaning, is recognized as a classic. He was called "brilliant", "truly brilliant work." Let's try to understand the phenomenon of this story.

P. Checking homework.

Let us compare the stories "Matrenin's yard" and "One day of Ivan Denisovich".

Both stories are stages of comprehension by the writer of the phenomenon of the “common man”, the bearer of mass consciousness. The heroes of both stories are “common people”, victims of a deadening world. But the attitude towards the heroes is different. The first was called "A village is not worth a righteous man", and the second - Shch-854 "(One day of one convict)". “Righteous” and “convict” are different assessments. The fact that Matryona appears as “tall” (her apologetic smile in front of the formidable chairwoman, her compliance in front of the insolent pressure of relatives), in the behavior of Ivan Denisovich, is indicated “to earn extra money”, “to a rich brigade leader to give dry felt boots directly to the bed”, “to run through the lockers, where someone needs to be served, sweep or bring something. " Matryona is depicted as a saint: “Only she had fewer sins than her nibbled cat. That - strangled mice ... ". Ivan Denisovich is an ordinary person with sins and shortcomings. Matryona is not of this world. Shukhov - his own in the world of the Gulag, almost settled down in it, studied its laws, developed a lot of adaptations for survival. For 8 years of imprisonment, he merged with the camp: "He himself did not know whether he wanted freedom or not," he adapted: "This is as it should be - one works, one looks"; "Work is like a stick, there are two ends in it: for people you do - give quality, for a fool you do - give a show." True, he managed not to lose his human dignity, not to sink to the position of a "wick" that licks the bowls.

Ivan Denisovich himself is not aware of the surrounding absurdity, is not aware of the horror of his existence. He obediently and patiently carries his cross, like Matryona Vasilyevna.

But the heroine's patience is akin to that of a saint.

In Matryona's Dvor, the image of the heroine is given in the perception of the narrator, he assesses her as a righteous woman. In One Day of Ivan Denisovich, the world is seen only through the eyes of the hero, assessed by him. The reader also evaluates what is happening and cannot help but be horrified, but experience the shock of describing an "almost happy" day.

How is the character of the heroine revealed in the story?

What is the theme of the story?

Matryona is not of this world; the world, others condemn her: “and she was unclean; and did not pursue the acquisition; and not gentle; and she didn't even keep a piglet, for some reason she didn't like to feed it; and, stupid, helped strangers for free ... ".

In general, he lives "in the run." Look at Matryona's poverty from all angles: “For many years Matryona Vasilyevna never earned a ruble from anywhere. Because she was not paid her pension. Relatives helped her little. And on the collective farm she did not work for money - for sticks. For the sticks of workdays in a trashed book of a bookkeeper. "

But the story is not only about the suffering, misfortune, injustice that befell the Russian woman. AT Tvardovsky wrote about it this way: “Why is the fate of the old peasant woman, told in a few pages, is of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, simple toiler. And, however, her spiritual world is endowed with such a quality that we talk to her as with Anna Karenina. " Solzhenitsyn replied to Tvardovsky: "You pointed out the very essence - a loving and suffering woman, while all the criticism was scouring all the time over the top, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and the neighboring ones." Writers come out on the main theme of the story - "how people live." To survive what Matryona Vasilyevna had to endure, and to remain a disinterested, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to be embittered by fate and people, to preserve her “radiant smile” until old age - what spiritual strength is needed for this!

The movement of the plot is aimed at comprehending the mystery of the character of the main character. Matryona is revealed not so much in the ordinary present as in the past. Recalling her youth, she says: “You haven't seen me before, Ignatic. All my sacks were, I didn’t consider five poods as heavy. The father-in-law shouted: "Matryona, you will break your back!" The divir did not come up to me to put my end of the log on the front end. ” the peasants jumped away, but I, however, grabbed the bridle, stopped ... ”And at the last moment of her life she rushed to“ help the peasants ”on the move - and died.

And Matryona reveals herself from a completely unexpected side when she talks about her love: “for the first time I saw Matryona in a completely new way,” “That summer ... we went to sit in the grove with him,” she whispered. - There was a grove ... Almost did not come out, Ignatich. The German war began. They took Thaddeus to the war ... He went to war - he disappeared ... For three years I hid, waited. And not news, and not a bone ...

Tied with an old, faded handkerchief, Matryona's round face looked at me in the indirect soft reflections of the lamp - as if freed from wrinkles, from everyday careless attire - frightened, girlish, before a terrible choice.

These lyrical, light lines reveal the charm, spiritual beauty, the depth of Matryona's feelings. Outwardly unremarkable, restrained, undemanding, Matryona turns out to be an extraordinary, sincere, pure, open person. The more acute is the feeling of guilt experienced by the narrator: “There is no Matryona. A loved one was killed. And on the last day I reproached her quilted jacket. " “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same righteous person, without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it. Neither the city. Not all our land. " The concluding words of the story return to the original title - "There is no village without a righteous man" and fill the story about the peasant woman Matryona with a deep generalizing, philosophical meaning.

What is the symbolic meaning of the story "Matrenin's Dvor"?

Many of Solzhenitsyn's symbols are associated with Christian symbolism, images-symbols of the way of the cross, a righteous man, a martyr. This is directly indicated by the first name “Matrenina Dvor”. And the very name "Matrenin Dvor" is of a general nature. The courtyard, the house of Matryona, is the refuge that the narrator finally finds in his search for "interior Russia" after long years of camps and homelessness: "I didn't like this place in the whole village for miles." The symbolic assimilation of the House of Russia is traditional, because the structure of the house is likened to the structure of the world. The fate of the house is, as it were, repeated, the fate of its mistress is foretold. Forty years have passed here. In this house, she survived two wars - the German and the Patriotic, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who disappeared in the war. The house is decaying - the hostess is getting old. The house is being dismantled like a man - "by the ribs", and "everything showed that the breakers are not builders and do not expect Matryona to live here for a long time."

As if nature itself resists the destruction of the house - first a long blizzard, exorbitant snowdrifts, then a thaw, damp fogs, streams. And the fact that Matryona's holy water inexplicably disappeared is a bad omen. Matryona dies along with the room, with part of her house. The hostess dies - the house is finally destroyed. Until spring, Matryona's hut was hammered like a coffin - they buried.

Matryona's fear of the railway is also symbolic, because it is the train, a symbol of the hostile peasant life of the world and civilization, that will flatten both the upper room and Matryona herself.

S. WORD OF THE TEACHER.

Righteous Matryona is the moral ideal of the writer, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based. According to Solzhenitsyn, the meaning of earthly existence is not in prosperity, but in the development of the soul. " Associated with this idea is the writer's understanding of the role of literature, its connection with the Christian tradition. Solzhenitsyn continues one of the main traditions of Russian literature, according to which the writer sees his purpose in preaching truth, spirituality, and is convinced of the need to pose “eternal” questions and seek answers to them. He talked about this in his Nobel lecture: “In Russian literature, the idea that a writer can do a lot in his people - and must have long ago entered into us ... he is the culprit in all the evil committed in his homeland or by his people. "

"The story" One day of Ivan Denisovich "was published, which made the name of Solzhenitsyn known throughout the country and far beyond its borders. A year later, in the same magazine, Solzhenitsyn published several stories, including "Matrenin's Dvor". At this point, the publication stopped. None of the writer's works were allowed to be published in the USSR anymore. And in 1970 Solzhenitsyn was awarded the Nobel Prize.

Initially, the story "Matrenin's yard" was called "A village is not worth it without the righteous." But, on the advice of A. Tvardovsky, in order to avoid censorship obstacles, the name was changed. For the same reasons, the year of action in the story from 1956 was changed by the author to 1953. "Matrenin's Dvor", as the author himself noted, "is completely autobiographical and reliable." In all the notes to the story, the prototype of the heroine is reported - Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova from the village of Miltsovo, Kurlovsky district, Vladimir region. The narrator, like the author himself, teaches in the Ryazan village, living with the heroine of the story, and the very patronymic of the narrator - Ignatich - is consonant with the patronymic of A. Solzhenitsyn - Isaevich. The story, written in 1956, tells about the life of the Russian countryside in the fifties.

Critics praised the story. The essence of Solzhenitsyn's work was noted by A. Tvardovsky: “Why is the fate of an old peasant woman, told in a few pages, of such great interest to us? This woman is unread, illiterate, simple toiler. And yet her inner world is endowed with such qualities that we talk to her like we do with Anna Karenina. " After reading these words in Literaturnaya Gazeta, Solzhenitsyn immediately wrote to Tvardovsky: “Needless to say, the paragraph of your speech relating to Matryona means a lot to me. You pointed to the very essence - a loving and suffering woman, while all the criticism was scouring all the time over the top, comparing the Talnovsky collective farm and the neighboring ones. "

The first title of the story, “You Can't Be Without the Righteous,” contained a deep meaning: the Russian village is based on people whose way of life is based on the universal human values of goodness, work, sympathy, and help. Since they call a righteous, first, a person who lives in accordance with religious rules; secondly, a person who does not in any way sin against the rules of morality (rules that determine morals, behavior, spiritual and mental qualities that a person needs in society). The second name - "Matrenin's Dvor" - somewhat changed the angle of view: moral principles began to have clear boundaries only within the Matrenin's Dvor. On a wider scale of the village, they are blurred, the people surrounding the heroine often differ from her. Having titled the story "Matrenin's Dvor", Solzhenitsyn focused the readers' attention on the wonderful world of the Russian woman.

Rod, genre, creative method

Solzhenitsyn once remarked that he rarely turned to the genre of the story, for “artistic pleasure”: “You can put a lot in a small form, and it is a great pleasure for an artist to work on a small form. Because in a small form, you can sharpen the edges with great pleasure for yourself. " In the story "Matrenin's Dvor" all facets are brilliantly honed, and meeting with the story becomes, in turn, a great pleasure for the reader. The story is usually based on an incident that reveals the character of the protagonist.

There were two points of view in literary criticism about the story “Matrynin's Dvor”. One of them presented Solzhenitsyn's story as a phenomenon of “village prose”. V. Astafyev, calling "Matrenin's Dvor" "the pinnacle of Russian short stories", believed that our "village prose" came out of this story. Somewhat later, this idea was developed in literary criticism.

At the same time, the story "Matrenin's Dvor" was associated with the original genre of "monumental story" that emerged in the second half of the 1950s. An example of this genre is the story of M. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man".

In the 1960s, the genre features of the “monumental story” were recognized in “Matryona's Dvor” by A. Solzhenitsyn ”,“ Human Mother ”by V. Zakrutkin,“ In the Light of Day ”by E. Kazakevich. The main difference between this genre is the portrayal of a common man who is the custodian of universal values. Moreover, the image of a common man is given in sublime tones, and the story itself is focused on a high genre. So, in the story "The Fate of a Man" features of the epic can be seen. And in "Matryona's Dvor" the bias is made on the lives of the saints. Before us is the life of Matryona Vasilyevna Grigorieva, a righteous woman and great martyr of the era of "continuous collectivization" and a tragic experiment over an entire country. Matryona was portrayed by the author as a saint (“Only she had fewer sins than a bouncy cat”).

Subject

The theme of the story is a description of the life of a patriarchal Russian village, which reflects how flourishing selfishness and predation disfigure Russia and "destroy ties and meaning." The writer raises in a short story the serious problems of the Russian countryside in the early 50s. (her life, customs and mores, the relationship between the authorities and the person-worker). The author repeatedly emphasizes that the state needs only working hands, and not the person himself: "She was lonely around, and since she began to get sick, she was released from the collective farm." A person, according to the author, should do his own thing. So Matryona finds the meaning of life in work, she is angry at the unscrupulous attitude of others to work.

Idea

The raised problems in the story are subordinated to one goal: to reveal the beauty of the heroine's Christian-Orthodox worldview. Using the fate of a village woman as an example, show that the loss of life and suffering only more clearly manifest the measure of the human in each of the people. But Matryona dies - and this world is crumbling: they drag her house down a log, eagerly share her modest belongings. And there is no one to protect Matryona's yard, no one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona something very valuable and important, not amenable to division and primitive everyday assessment, is leaving her life.

“We all lived next to her and did not understand that she is the same righteous person, without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it. No city. Not all our land. " The last phrases expand the boundaries of Matryona's yard (as the heroine's personal world) to the scale of humanity.

Main characters

The main heroine of the story, as indicated in the title, is Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva. Matryona is a lonely, disadvantaged peasant woman with a generous and disinterested soul. She lost her husband in the war, buried six of her own and raised other people's children. Matryona gave her pupil the most precious thing in her life - the house: “... she didn’t feel sorry for the upper room, which stood idle, no matter how much her labor or her goodness was ...”.

The heroine has endured many hardships in life, but has not lost the ability to empathize with others, joy and sorrow. She is disinterested: she sincerely enjoys someone else's good harvest, although she herself never has it on the sand. All the wealth of Matryona is made up of a dirty white goat, a lame cat and big ones in tubs.

Matryona is the concentration of the best traits of the national character: she is shy, understands the "education" of the narrator, respects him for this. The author appreciates in Matryona her delicacy, the absence of annoying curiosity about the life of another person, her diligence. For a quarter of a century she worked on a collective farm, but because she was not at a factory, she was not entitled to a pension for herself, and she could only achieve it for her husband, that is, for the breadwinner. As a result, she never got her pension. It was extremely difficult to live. She got grass for a goat, peat for warmth, collected old hemp turned up by a tractor, soaked lingonberries for the winter, grew potatoes, helping those who were nearby to survive.

The image of Matryona and individual details in the story are symbolic. Solzhenitsyn's Matryona is the embodiment of the ideal of the Russian woman. As noted in the critical literature, the appearance of the heroine is like an icon, and life is like the lives of the saints. Her house, as it were, symbolizes the ark of the biblical Noah, in which he is saved from the worldwide flood. The death of Matryona symbolizes the cruelty and meaninglessness of the world in which she lived.

The heroine lives according to the laws of Christianity, although her actions are not always clear to those around her. Therefore, the attitude towards her is different. Matrona is surrounded by sisters, sister-in-law, adopted daughter Cyrus, the only friend in the village, Thaddeus. However, no one appreciated her. She lived poorly, miserably, lonely - a “lost old woman,” worn out by work and illness. Relatives almost did not appear in her house, everyone condemned Matryona in chorus that she was funny and stupid, she worked for others for free all her life. Everyone mercilessly used Matryona's kindness and innocence - and amicably judged her for this. Among the people around her, the author treats her heroine with great sympathy, her son Fadzei and her pupil Kira love her.

The image of Matryona is contrasted in the story with the image of the cruel and greedy Thaddeus, who seeks to get Matryona's house during her lifetime.

Matryona's yard is one of the key images of the story. The description of the courtyard and the house is detailed, with a lot of details, devoid of bright colors. Matryona lives "in neglect." It is important for the author to emphasize the inseparability of the house and the person: if the house is destroyed, its mistress will also die. This fusion is already stated in the title of the story. The hut for Matryona is filled with a special spirit and light, a woman's life is connected with the “life” of the house. Therefore, for a long time she did not agree to break the hut.

Plot and composition

The story is divided into three parts. In the first part, we are talking about how fate threw the hero-storyteller to the station with a strange name for Russian places - Torfoproduct. A former prisoner, and now a schoolteacher, eager to find peace in some remote and quiet corner of Russia, finds shelter and warmth in the house of the elderly Matryona, who has learned the life of her. “Perhaps, to some of the village, some of the richer, Matryona's hut did not seem to be kind, but we were quite good with her that winter: it did not flow from the rains yet and the chilly winds did not blow the heat out of it right away, only in the morning, especially when the wind blew from the leaky side. Besides Matryona and me, there were also cats, mice and cockroaches living in the hut. " They immediately find a common language. Next to Matryona, the hero calms down his soul.

In the second part of the story, Matryona recalls her youth, the terrible ordeal that befell her. Her fiancé Thaddeus went missing in the First World War. The younger brother of the missing husband, Yefim, who was left alone after death with the younger children in his arms, wooed her. She took pity on Matryona Yefim and married the unloved one. And here, after three years of absence, Thaddeus himself unexpectedly returned, whom Matryona continued to love. The hard life did not harden Matryona's heart. In caring for her daily bread, she went her way to the end. And even death overtook a woman in labor concerns. Matryona dies, helping Thaddeus and his sons to drag a part of their own hut, bequeathed to Kira, across the railway on a sleigh. Thaddeus did not want to wait for Matryona's death and decided to take the inheritance for the young during her lifetime. Thus, he unwittingly provoked her death.

In the third part, the tenant learns about the death of the mistress of the house. The description of the funeral and commemoration showed the true attitude of people close to her towards Matryona. When relatives bury Matryona, they cry more out of duty than heartily, and think only about the final division of Matryona's property. And Thaddeus does not even come to the commemoration.

Artistic features

The artistic world in the story is built linearly - in accordance with the story of the heroine's life. In the first part of the work, the entire story about Matryona is given through the perception of the author, a person who has endured a lot in his lifetime, who dreamed of "getting lost and lost in the interior of Russia itself." The narrator evaluates her life from the outside, compares it with the environment, becomes an authoritative witness of righteousness. In the second part, the heroine tells about herself. The combination of lyrical and epic pages, the linking of episodes according to the principle of emotional contrast allows the author to change the rhythm of the narrative, its tonality. This is the way the author goes to recreate a multi-layered picture of life. Already the first pages of the story serve as a convincing example. It opens with an opening telling about the tragedy at the railway siding. We learn the details of this tragedy at the end of the story.

Solzhenitsyn in his work does not give a detailed, specific description of the heroine. Only one portrait detail is constantly emphasized by the author - the "radiant", "kind", "apologetic" smile of Matryona. Nevertheless, by the end of the story, the reader imagines the appearance of the heroine. Already in the very tonality of the phrase, the selection of "colors", one can feel the author's attitude to Matryona: "From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the canopy, now shortened, poured a little pink, and this reflection warmed Matryona's face." And then there is a direct author's characteristic: "Those people always have good faces, who are in harmony with their consciences." Even after the terrible death of the heroine, her "face remained intact, calm, more alive than dead."

In Matryona, the folk character is embodied, which is primarily manifested in her speech. Expressiveness, bright individuality gives her language an abundance of vernacular, dialectal vocabulary (prispey, kuzhotku, lettuity, molonia). The manner of her speech is also deeply popular, the way she pronounces her words: "They began with some kind of low warm purr, like grandmothers in fairy tales." “Matrenin's Dvor” minimally includes the landscape; he pays more attention to the interior, which does not appear on its own, but in a lively interweaving with “inhabitants” and with sounds - from the rustle of mice and cockroaches to the state of ficuses and a bouncy cat. Every detail here characterizes not only the peasant life, Matrenin's yard, but also the storyteller. The voice of the narrator reveals in him a psychologist, a moralist, even a poet - in how he observes Matryona, her neighbors and relatives, how he evaluates them and her. A poetic feeling is manifested in the author's emotions: "Only she had less sins than the cat ..."; "But Matryona rewarded me ...". The lyrical pathos is especially obvious at the very end of the story, where even the syntactic structure changes, including paragraphs, translating speech into blank verse:

“We all lived in rows with her / and did not understand / that she was the one

the most righteous, / without whom, according to the proverb, the village is not worth it.

/ Neither the city. / Not our whole land. "

The writer was looking for something new. An example of this is his convincing articles about language in Literaturnaya Gazeta, his fantastic adherence to Dahl (researchers note that about 40% of the vocabulary in the story, Solzhenitsyn borrowed from Dahl's dictionary), and ingenuity in vocabulary. In the story "Matrenin's Dvor," Solzhenitsyn arrived at the language of preaching.

The meaning of the work

“There are such born angels,” wrote Solzhenitsyn in his article “Repentance and Self-Restriction,” as if describing Matryona as well, “they seem to be weightless, they seem to slide over this slurry, not drowning in it at all, even touching the surface with their feet? Each of us met such, they are not ten and not one hundred in Russia, these are the righteous, we saw them, we were surprised ("eccentrics"), we used their good, in good moments they answered them the same, they have, and immediately plunged again to our doomed depth. "

What is the essence of Matryona's righteousness? Life is not a lie, we will say now in the words of the writer himself, uttered much later. By creating this character, Solzhenitsyn places him in the most mundane circumstances of rural collective farm life in the 1950s. Matryona's righteousness lies in her ability to preserve her humanity even in such inaccessible conditions. As NS Leskov wrote, righteousness is the ability to live "not lying, not deceiving, not condemning a neighbor and not condemning a biased enemy."

The story was called "brilliant", "truly brilliant work." In the reviews about him, it was noted that he also stands out among Solzhenitsyn's stories for his strict artistry, the integrity of the poetic embodiment, and the consistency of artistic taste.

A.I. Solzhenitsyn's "Matrenin Dvor" - for all times. It is especially relevant today, when the issues of moral values and life priorities are acute in modern Russian society.

Lesson topic: Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn.

Analysis of the story "Matrenin's yard".

The purpose of the lesson: try to understand how the writer sees the phenomenon of the "common man", to understand the philosophical meaning of the story.

During the classes:

Teacher's word.

History of creation.

The story "Matrynin's Dvor" was written in 1959, published in 1964. "Matrenin's Dvor" is an autobiographical and authentic work. The original title is "A village is not worth it without a righteous man." Published in Novy Mir, 1963, no.

This is a story about the situation in which he found himself after returning "from the dusty hot desert", that is, from the camp. He wanted to “get lost in Russia”, to find “a quiet corner of Russia”. The former prisoner could only be hired for hard work, he also wanted to teach. After rehabilitation in 1957, S. worked for some time as a physics teacher in the Vladimir region, lived in the village of Miltsevo with the peasant woman Matryona Vasilyevna Zakharova.

2. Conversation by story.

1) The name of the heroine.

- Which Russian writer of the 19th century had the main character of the same name? With what female images in Russian literature could you compare the heroine of the story?

(Answer: the name of Solzhenitsyn's heroine brings to mind the image of Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina, as well as the images of other Nekrasov women - workers: just like them, the heroine of the story “is dexterous to any work, she had to stop a galloping horse and into a burning hut to enter. ”There is nothing in her appearance from a stately Slav, you cannot call her a beauty. She is modest and not noticeable.)

2) Portrait.

- Is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? What portrait details does the writer focus on?

(Answer: Solzhenitsyn does not give a detailed portrait of Matryona. From chapter to chapter, only one detail is often repeated - a smile: "a radiant smile", "a smile of her roundish face", "smiled at something," "an apologetic half-smile." not so much the external beauty of a simple Russian peasant woman as the internal light streaming from her eyes, and all the more clearly to emphasize her thought, expressed directly: “Those people always have good faces, who are in harmony with their conscience.” Therefore, after the terrible death of the heroine, her face remained intact, calm, more alive than dead.)

3) The speech of the heroine.

Write down the most typical statements of the heroine. What are the features of her speech?

(Answer: Matryona's deeply popular character is manifested, first of all, in her speech. Expressiveness, bright individuality gives her language an abundance of vernacular, dialectal vocabulary and archaism (2 - days I will be in time, for a bit too much, lyubota, letos obapol, help, unsettled). That was what everyone in the village used to say. Matryona's manner of speech is also deeply popular, the way she pronounces her "benevolent words." "They began with some low, warm purr, like grandmothers in fairy tales."

4) Matryona's life.

- What artistic details create a picture of Matryona's life? How are household items related to the spiritual world of the heroine?

(Answer: Outwardly, Matryona's life is striking in its unsettledness ("she lives in a run-down") All her wealth of ficuses, a bent-legged cat, a goat, mice and cockroaches, a coat made from a railway overcoat. All this testifies to the poverty of Matryona, who has worked all her life, but only But it is also important that these scant household details reveal her special world. It is no coincidence that the ficus says: "They filled the loneliness of the hostess. They grew freely ..." - and the rustling of cockroaches is compared to the distant sound of the ocean. It seems that nature itself lives in Matryona's house, all living things are drawn to her).

5) The fate of Matryona.

Recover the story of Matryona's life? How does Matryona perceive her fate? What role does work play in her life?

(Answer: The events of the story are limited by a clear time frame: summer-winter 1956. Restoring the fate of the heroine, her life dramas, personal troubles, in one way or another, are connected with the turns of history: With the First World War, in which Thaddeus was captured, with the Great Patriotic, with which her husband did not return, with a collective farm, which survived all the forces from her and left her without a livelihood. Her fate is a particle of the fate of the whole people.

And today the inhuman system does not let Matryona go: she was left without a pension, and she is forced to spend whole days obtaining various certificates; peat is not sold to her, forcing her to steal, and even on a denunciation they go with a search; the new chairman cut off vegetable gardens for all disabled people; cows cannot be brought in, since they are not allowed to mow anywhere; they don't even sell train tickets. Matryona does not feel justice, but she does not hold any grudge against fate and people. "She had a sure way to regain her good spirits - work." Receiving nothing for her work, she goes to help her neighbors and the collective farm at the first call. Others willingly take advantage of her kindness. The villagers and relatives themselves, not only do not help Matryona, but also try not to appear in her house at all, fearing that she will ask for help. Each and every Matryona remains absolutely alone in her village.

6) The image of Matryona among relatives.

What colors are Faddey Mironovich and Matryona's relatives painted in the story? How does Thaddeus behave when taking apart the upper room? What is the conflict in the story?

(Answer: The main character is opposed in the story by the brother of her late husband, Thaddeus. Drawing his portrait, Solzhenitsyn repeats the epithet "black" seven times. An almost blind old man revives when he attacks Matryona about the upper room, and then when he breaks down the hut of his ex-fiancée. Thaddeus's inhumanity is especially vividly manifested on the eve of Matryona's funeral.

Eventual conflict in the story is almost absent, for the very nature of Matryona excludes conflict relations with people. For her, good is the incapacity for evil, love and compassion. In this substitution of concepts, Solzhenitsyn sees the essence of the spiritual crisis that struck Russia.

7) The tragedy of Matryona.

What signs portend the death of the heroine?

(Answer: From the very first lines, the author prepares us for the tragic denouement of Matryona's fate. Her death is foreshadowed by the loss of a pot of consecrated water and the disappearance of a cat. the narrator is the death of a loved one and the destruction of the whole world, the world of that people's truth, without which the Russian land does not stand)

8) The image of the narrator.

What is common in the fate of the narrator and Matryona?

(Answer: The narrator is a man of a difficult family, behind whose shoulders the war and the camp. Therefore, he is lost in a quiet corner of Russia. And only in Matryona's hut did the hero feel something akin to his heart. And the lonely Matryona felt trust in her guest. Only to him she tells about his bitter past, only to her will he reveal that he spent a lot in prison. The heroes are related by the drama of their fate, and many life principles. Especially their relationship is reflected in speech. And only the death of the mistress forced the narrator to comprehend her spiritual essence, that's why it sounds so strong in the finale the story of the motive of repentance.

9) - What is the theme of the story?

(Answer: The main theme of the story is “how people live”.

Why is the fate of the old peasant woman described in few pages so interesting to us?

(Answer: This woman is unread, illiterate, simple toiler. To survive what Matryona Vasilyevna had to endure, and to remain a disinterested, open, delicate, sympathetic person, not to be embittered by fate and people, to keep her “radiant smile” until old age - what mental strength is needed for this!

10) -What is the symbolic meaning of the story "Matrenin's yard"?

(Answer: Many symbols of S. are associated with Christian symbolism: images are symbols of the Way of the Cross, a righteous man, a martyr. This is directly indicated by the first name “Matryona's Court.” And the name itself is generalizing. the storyteller finds after long years of camps and homelessness. In the fate of the house, as it were, the fate of its mistress was predicted. Forty years passed here. In this house, she survived two wars - German and Patriotic, the death of six children who died in infancy, the loss of her husband, who disappeared in the war. The house is decaying - the mistress is getting old. The house is being dismantled like a man - “on the ribs.” Matryona dies along with the upper room. With part of her house. The hostess dies - the house is completely destroyed. like a coffin - buried.

Output:

Righteous Matryona is the writer's moral ideal, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based.

Folk wisdom, made by the writer in the original title of the story, accurately conveys this author's idea. Matryonin's yard is a kind of island in the middle of an ocean of lies that keeps the treasure of the people's spirit. The death of Matryona, the destruction of her yard and hut is a formidable warning of a catastrophe that can happen to a society that has lost its moral guidelines. However, despite all the tragedy of the work, the story is imbued with the author's faith in the vitality of Russia. Solzhenitsyn sees the source of this resilience not in the political system, not in state power, not in the power of arms, but in the simple hearts of no one noticed, humiliated, most often lonely righteous people who oppose the world of lies.)

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Theme and idea of ​​the story matrenin dvor. A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard". Subject, idea, main characters of the work - Essays, Abstracts, Reports. Matrenin dvor brief analysis

Literary direction and genre

Problematic

Plot and composition

Heroes of the story

Artistic identity

History of the creation of "Matryonina Dvor"

Genre and idea of ​​the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

Description and characteristics of the main characters

Problems and arguments of the work

main characters

Topics and problems

Idea

Folk character in the work

History of the creation of "Matryonina Dvor"

Genre and idea of ​​the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

Description and characteristics of the main characters

Problems and arguments of the work

Theme and idea of the story matrenin dvor. A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's yard". Subject, idea, main characters of the work - Essays, Abstracts, Reports. Matrenin dvor brief analysis

Genre and idea of the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn

Genre and idea of the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn