What was Nikita in the story of Nikita's childhood. Research work Formation of Nikita's character (based on the story of AN Tolstoy "Nikita's Childhood") Polina Grishina Nikita's childhood characteristics of the main characters

The story has an autobiographical character and is based on the author's memories of his own childhood. The story is told from a third person.

In winter, Nikita was made a bench for skiing down the mountain, and in the morning the boy wanted to run away to the steep river banks, but he was caught by his teacher Arkady Ivanovich, a "surprisingly quick and cunning" man. Nikita had to wash, eat breakfast and do arithmetic first, then calligraphy.

During the calligraphy Nikita was lucky - the mail was delivered. Arkady Ivanovich, who was waiting for the letter, was distracted, and the boy slipped away. Approaching the Chagra river, Nikita saw his friends - boys from "our end" of the village of Sosnovka. A little further, they could see their enemies, the "Konchansk" guys from the far end of the village.

Nikita did not manage to ride as much as he could - Arkady Ivanovich quickly overtook him and said that a letter had come from his father from Samara. He promised to send Nikita a gift so big that he would need a separate supply, and on Christmas Day, Mother's friend Anna Apollosovna Babkina with her children would come to them. Arkady Ivanovich also received a letter from his fiancée, a teacher in Samara.

Nikita tried to find out about the gift from his friend in the room. Mishka Koryashonok did not know anything, but he informed about the upcoming battle between "ours" and "Konchanskie". Nikita promised to participate.

At night, Nikita dreamed that the cat wanted to stop the pendulum of the large clock hanging in the hall in the summer half of the house. The boy knew: if the pendulum stops, “everything will crack, split, ring and, like dust, disappear,” but he could not move. Suddenly Nikita made a desperate effort of will and took off. He saw that there was a bronze vase on the watch case, and wanted to take what was there, but the evil old woman from the portrait grabbed him with her thin hands, and the evil old man from the next picture hit him on the back with a long smoking pipe.

Nikita fell and woke up - he was awakened by Arkady Ivanovich and said that the Christmas holidays were starting today.

Fourteen of his own days fell on Nikita - do what you want.

On the same day, a battle took place between "ours" and "Konchanskys". Under the onslaught of the Konchansk people, “ours” wavered and ran. Nikita felt offended, and with all his might hit the leader of the Konchansk people Stepka Karnaushkin, who, as Mishka claimed, had a fist that had been spoken of.

This turned the tide of the battle - "ours" rushed to the "Konchansk" and drove them five courtyards. Styopka respected Nikita so much that he invited him to "be friends", and the former enemies exchanged valuable gifts.

It was boring in the evening. The wind howled in the attic. Nikita imagined how the Wind, “furry, covered in dust and cobwebs, sits quietly” and howls with boredom. Tosca was interrupted by the arrival of Anna Apollosovna with her son Viktor, a pupil of the second grade of the gymnasium, and an unusually pretty nine-year-old daughter, Lilya.

Nikita was fascinated by Lily's beauty. When the bull Buyan attacked the boys walking in the yard in the morning, Victor fell to the ground in fear, and Nikita stopped the fierce animal. Lilya watched this feat through the window, which made the boy very happy.

A day later, a wagon train arrived at the estate, in which there was a gift promised to Nikita - a two-row boat. Several evenings before Christmas, children glued decorations for the tree from colored paper. Then they put a huge tree up to the ceiling in the living room and decorated it with stars, gingerbread cookies, apples and candles.

In the evening Nikita, Viktor, Lilya and the children from Sosnovka were allowed into the living room by the tree.

She stood like a fiery tree, shimmering with gold, sparks, long beams. The light from her came thick, warm, smelling of pine needles, wax, tangerines, honey cakes.

The children sorted out the gifts and the party began. Nikitina's mother, Alexandra Leontievna, played the piano, and Arkady Ivanovich led a round dance with the children around the tree. During this fuss, Nikita managed to stay alone with Lily and kiss her. After tea Nikita went to see off the satisfied and tired guests. He felt light and happy in his soul.

Nikita preferred to stay at home with Lilya, while Viktor became friends with Mishka Koryashonok. They built a snow fortress on a ditch behind the pond and called the Konchansk people to battle. The snow walls did not help: the "Konchanskie" attacked, and soon "the defenders of the fortress ran through the reeds on the ice of the pond."

Nikita did not understand why he was bored with playing with the boys. Looking at Lilya, he felt happiness, "as if somewhere inside he was spinning, playing a music box softly and cheerfully."

The boy told Leela his dream, and the girl wanted to know if there was actually a bronze vase on the clock, and what was in it. There really was a vase on the mahogany clock in grandfather's office, in which Nikita found "a thin ring with a little blue stone." The boy immediately put this ring on Lily's finger.

The guests gathered to leave. Lilya promised to write, and it seemed to Nikita that “everything in the world was the end,” and he would never again see the shadow of the huge Lily's bow on the wall of the room.

After the departure of the Babkins, Nikita's vacation was over. Arkady Ivanovich introduced a new subject - algebra, which turned out to be more boring and drier than arithmetic. The boy's father, Vasily Nikitievich, who was awaiting the receipt of the inheritance in Samara, wrote that the case was delayed, he would have to “go to Moscow to bother” and he would be at home only for Lent.

The letter upset Alexandra Leontyevna. Vasily Nikitievich had not been home for a long time, and she was afraid that Nikita would completely forget her father. Nikita knew that he would always remember this cheerful, red-faced man, a little careless and frivolous. Carried away, Vasily Nikitievich could spend his last money on a completely unnecessary thing, which sometimes brought his wife to tears.

Severe frosts hit. Nikita was rarely allowed out into the yard. The boy went about boring and remembered Leela. Noticing this, Alexandra Leontievna decided that her son was ill. Algebra classes were canceled for Nikita, they began to give castor oil and send him to bed early. Nikita cheered up three weeks later, when a strong damp wind blew from the south.

Following the wind, rooks flew to the old nests, and spring began. Nikita walked about sleepy, dazed from the wind and the cry of rooks, he was tormented by ominous forebodings. Once, having climbed into the plugar booth, Nikita began to ask God that everything would be fine, and it would be easy for him again. Prayer helped: mother looked at him not sternly, as in the last days, but tenderly and affectionately, as before.

At night there was a heavy downpour, and the next morning the spring flood began. In the afternoon, Nikita was frightened by the news that Vasily Nikitievich was drowning in a ravine filled with melt water.

In the evening, Vasily Nikitievich, who was happily saved, drank tea at home and told how he got home on a newly bought thoroughbred stallion, could not get over a ravine filled with water and really almost drowned, but the men arrived in time - they pulled both him and the horse. Alexandra Leontievna was so happy that she did not even become angry with her husband for a completely unnecessary purchase.

For three days Vasily Nikitievich had a fever, but there was no time to be ill for a long time - he had to prepare for sowing. Alexandra Leontyevna started a big spring cleaning in the house. Then eggs were painted and Easter cakes were baked in the estate. For a week Nikita's parents were so tired that they did not go to stand the great Matins, and Arkady Ivanovich, who had not received a letter from the bride, was in a gloomy mood.

Nikita was released alone to matins in Kolokoltsevo, and ordered to stay with his old father's friend Pyotr Petrovich Devyatov. Nikita quickly got to know the six sons and daughter of Pyotr Petrovich. The brothers vying with each other complained to Nikita about his sister Anna - a terrible sneak.

After matins and Easter treats, Anna followed Nikita on her heels. The boy was uncomfortable and ashamed, and the Devyatov brothers began to laugh at him. Finally, Nikita understood: Anna felt the same for him as he felt for Leela, but still rejected the girl's friendship.

With no one, only one Lily, he could have those strange words, special looks and smiles. And with the other girl, it was a betrayal and a shame.

Spring came, blackbirds were running between the trees, and a cuckoo was singing in the forest. Once Vasily Nikitievich asked his son which horse from the herd he liked more. Nikita pointed to the meek, dark-red gelding Klopik and thought that this conversation was not without reason.

On Nikita's birthday, May 11, a new boat was launched into the water of the pond. Then Vasily Nikitievich proclaimed Nikita "frog admiral" and raised the admiral's standard with the image of a frog standing on its hind legs on the flagpole.

Once Nikita found a yellow-faced little bird that fell out of the nest and took him to the house. The boy named the chick Zheltukhin, made a house for him, fed him with worms and protected him from a domestic cat. At first, Zheltukhin was afraid of Nikita and thought that he would certainly eat him, then he got used to it, learned to fly and became a family member along with the cat Vasily Vasilich and the hedgehog Akhilka.

Zheltukhin lived with Nikita until autumn and learned to speak Russian. All day the starling flew around the garden, and in the evening he returned to his house on the windowsill. In the fall, Zheltukhin was lured into a flock of migratory starlings.

Free days came between spring field work and mowing. Mishka Koryashonka was put to graze the horses, and Nikita went to him for the whole day - he learned to ride. Alexandra Leontyevna was afraid that her son would break his arms and legs, but Vasily Nikitievich did not want “some unfortunate Slyuntyay Makaronych” to grow out of his son and give him a Klopik. Nikita learned to take care of the horse and from that day he only went on horseback.

When the time came for the bread to ripen, a drought struck the estate. Nikita's parents walked with worried faces.

Another day of this cursed hell, and - here's a hungry winter, typhus, cattle are falling, children are dying ...

Arkady Ivanovich was also sad - his bride could not come to Sosnovka due to her mother's illness and will now see her groom only in the fall, in Samara.

After dinner, when Nikita's parents lay down to rest, Zheltukhin rushed into the room. Nikita poured him water in a saucer, the starling got drunk, bathed, and then sat down on the barometer and said in a "gentle voice": "Burrya." And then Nikita saw how the barometer needle moved from the “very dry” mark to the “storm” inscription. In the evening, a terrible thunderstorm with pouring rain began. The harvest was saved.

Nikita has a new duty - to go to the neighboring village on Klopik to get mail. The evil pochmeister drunk never gave up newspapers and magazines until he read them himself. He drank six times a year, and then it was better not to enter the post office at all.

This time Nikita again got only letters. One of them was from Lily. The girl wrote that she remembers Nikita and has not yet lost his ring. The boy smelled of memories of Christmas and his heart beat with joy.

For three days Nikita's parents had been quarreling. Vasily Nikitievich wanted to go to the fair to sell a restive mare, and Alexandra Leontyevna would not let her husband in - she was afraid that he would spend too much money. Finally, the couple came to an agreement: Vasily Nikitievich promised his wife “not to spend crazy money at the fair,” for which he came up with the idea of ​​selling a cart of apples there.

As a result, the apples remained unsold, they had to be given in addition to the mare. Vasily Nikitievich, hiding his eyes, told Nikita that quite by accident and "terribly inexpensive" he bought a batch of camels, and tomorrow he will go to look at the three gray, in apples, horses - all the same he will get nuts at home.

August has come. Vasily Nikitievich and his son spent whole days at the threshing machine and fed the sheaves into its "dusty bowels" himself. Nikita liked to return home in a cart full of fresh, golden straw.

The Milky Way has spread out in a luminous fog. On the cart, as in a cradle, Nikita swam under the stars, calmly looking at the distant worlds.

Autumn has come. Vasily Nikitievich again left for Samara and a week later reported that "the matter with the inheritance ... has not advanced a single step." He did not want to live the second winter apart, asked Alexandra Leontievna to move to the city and threatened to buy "two amazing Chinese vases."

Alexandra Leontievna did not like the city, but the news of the purchase of unnecessary vases prompted her to get together in three days. Arkady Ivanovich, on the contrary, was glad and looked forward to meeting his bride.

In a white one-story house, two Chinese vases and Anna Apollosovna were waiting for Alexandra Leontyevna, and an angry Lilya was waiting for Nikita. She demanded her letter back, and Nikita remembered with horror that he had not answered it. The boy began to make excuses, and Lilya forgave him for the first time.

For Nikita, village expanse ended and city life began in seven uninhabited and cramped rooms. The boy felt like a prisoner - the same as Zheltukhin in the early days. A week later, Nikita passed the exams and entered the second grade of the gymnasium.

"Nikita's Childhood" is a novel by A. N. Tolstoy, published in 1922. The story is inspired by the writer's memories of his distant childhood. He named the main character after his son Nikita. This story is dedicated to the son.

The plot of the story

It can be noted that there is no plot as such in the story. The work is autobiographical, the writer recalls the years of his childhood and shares these memories with readers. The real name of the Tolstoy estate, where he lived as a child, is also Sosnovka.

The images of Nikita's mother and father almost exactly repeat the real parents of A. Tolstoy himself. Also Nikita's friends have similarities with real children, friends of the author.

The third-person narration allows, taking a little distance, to appreciate the time of your own childhood. The author estimates it as an absolutely happy, serene and calm time.

A receptive and inquisitive child Nikita explores with interest the world around him, not only the world of the estate, but also the village, the forest, the whole surrounding nature.

He was very fond of Russian nature, its discreet beauty, noticed any changes, the change of seasons.

Nikita spent a lot of time in nature: in the forest or by the river, observing the living world around him. But this in some way interfered with his studies: it was more interesting for Nikita to walk and run in nature than to sit in a room and study lessons.

Nikita was friends with children from the village, even more than with nobles. He delved into all their affairs and customs, listened to their opinions.

Characteristics of Nikita

1. Nikita was a friendly, outgoing, cheerful and happy person.
2. He was a lively and inquisitive child, very smart and quick-witted, with a great sense of beauty.
3. Nevertheless, Nikita was not an assiduous student, because he liked to walk in the air with friends more than to sit at his lessons.
4. However, he was sane enough to understand the benefits of teaching and appreciate the advice of his teacher.

All-Russian scientific and practical videoconference

"The theme of childhood in world literature"

Section: literary

Research

Formation of Nikita's character

(based on the story of AN Tolstoy "Nikita's Childhood")

Completed by: Grishina Polina,

9th grade student

Oryol region; Livny

Scientific adviser: Svechnikova O.N.,

Oryol region; Livny

MBOU "Lyceum them. S. N. Bulgakov "

Content

Chapter 1. An autobiographical story about the childhood of A.N. Tolstoy

The story of A.N. Tolstoy's Childhood of Nikita (originally titled A Tale of Many Excellent Things) was first published in a separate edition in 1922. The story was written in 1919-1920. In the fall of 1918, he emigrated abroad. In 1920, the writer was still in exile and yearned for Russia very much. Living in Paris and Berlin, Tolstoy shunned the emigre environment and began to delve deeper into the meaning of historical events. Memories of the homeland, of the irrevocable days of childhood, of Russian nature and the emergence of the story was caused. Nikita's Childhood is a work full of captivating lyricism, irresistible charm and truth, the high poetry of folk life, a lively perception of nature, the beauty of the native language. The author devotes all his attention to the embodiment of the poetic principles of the charm of the irreversible period of childhood. The writer said: “For this book I will give all my previous novels and plays! Russian book and written in Russian! " The story was written for the Parisian magazine "Green Stick" - for children-emigrants, who, like the son of A.N. Tolstoy Nikita, to whom the work is dedicated and whose name the protagonist is named, badly needed Russian impressions. He was interested in real life, he wanted to rely on the experience of his personal observations: "I started - and it was as if a window opened into the distant past with all the charm, tender sadness and keen perceptions of nature that are in childhood" (Poln. Sobr. Soch., Vol. 13, p. 563). Unlike most of Tolstoy's works, the plot, a sequential chain of events, plays almost no role here, because everything in the world is excellent. The children's writer K. Chukovsky wrote about this in 1924: “This is the Book of Happiness - it seems that the only Russian book in which the author does not preach happiness, does not promise it in the future, but immediately exudes from himself”.

Nikita's Childhood is an autobiographical story. The scene quite accurately reproduces the setting of the small estate of the writer's stepfather A. A. Bostrom, where Tolstoy grew up. Even the name of the estate - Sosnovka - is preserved in the story. Impressions of childhood, A. Tolstoy's memories of the early period of his life in the Samara province were included in the content of his work. In one of his autobiographical notes, A. Tolstoy wrote about himself as follows: "I grew up alone, in contemplation, in dissolution, among the great phenomena of earth and sky. July lightning over a dark garden; autumn fogs like milk; dry twig gliding in the wind on the first ice of the pond; winter blizzards, falling asleep in snowdrifts huts to the very pipes; spring sound of waters; cry of rooks that flew to last year's nests; people in the cycle of seasons; birth and death, like sunrise and sunset, like the fate of grain; animals, birds ; boogers with red faces living in the cracks of the earth; the smell of a ripe apple, the smell of a fire in a twilight hollow; my friend Mishka Koryashonok and his stories; winter evenings under a lamp, books, daydreaming ... "(Complete collection of works, vol. 13 , pp. 557–558). Pictures of the Russian winter, boundless snowy plains, ringing spring days, summer harvest, golden autumn replace one another naturally, like the movement of time itself, conveyed in living images. The change of seasons is portrayed not as a passive-contemplative movement, but as an active one, affecting all aspects of human existence and activity. It is in such an atmosphere that Nikita, the little hero of A. Tolstoy's story, grows and forms. Nikita's parents in many ways repeat the real features of the writer's stepfather and mother. Nikita's mother is called the same as the writer's mother - Alexandra Leontievna. For the image of the teacher, the prototype was a seminarist-tutor, Arkady Ivanovich Slovookhotov, who prepared the future writer for admission to a secondary educational institution. Nikita's relationship with the village children - with Mishka Koryashonk and Stepka Karnaushkin, their friendship and friendly games are also autobiographical, as well as a number of details and details. It should be noted that the narration is not conducted in the first person, which makes it possible for the author to really, after many years, evaluate the happy period of his childhood.
Chapter 2. Formation of Nikita's character in the story "Nikita's Childhood"
§ 2.1. Parental love is the basis for raising a child
"Nikita's Childhood" tells about the childhood of a Russian boy from a noble landowner family, once rich and noble, but already on the verge of ruin, living out his last days in the village. In the depiction of the formation of the character of the protagonist A.N. Tolstoy puts the very reality that surrounds the child in the first place.

From the very first pages of the story, we see what a benevolent, normal environment surrounded Nikita, how his first ideas about life took shape. "It was so quiet in the warm office that a barely audible ringing began in my ears. What extraordinary stories could be invented alone, on the sofa, under this ringing. White light poured through the frozen glass. Nikita read Cooper ..." So we plunge into the world of Nikita's childhood, a world surrounded by books, classes with a teacher, an atmosphere of kindness and care for a nine-year-old boy. Nikita's relationship with his mother, father, teacher is of such a nature that they bring up a sound mind, frankness and honesty in the boy.

Nikita's family and the home environment in the house were always very kind and dear, it was clear how all family members take care of Nikita and everyone is trying to give a piece of their love to the boy, to raise him as a good person. All family members are very different in character, temperament, many have different views on life, but despite this, this is a friendly loving family. On the example of Nikita's parents who are sincerely loving each other, one can see how much family upbringing means for the formation of a child's character. Nikita's father is cheerful, with a subtle sense of humor, combined with extraordinary intelligence, kindness and spiritual nobility, happy with his wife, who is very different from him. She is a well-mannered, intelligent, stately woman with delicate beauty who, in the spirit of folk traditions, embodies the image of the keeper of the family hearth. The prototype of this image was the mother of A. Tolstoy. Nikita's mother misses her husband very much when he leaves, worries about him with all her heart and worries that Nikita might forget him. One day, his father's life hung in the balance of death when he nearly died in a ravine during a spring flood. This misfortune showed the cohesion of the family, care for each other, that common thing that unites a real family - love. Sometimes conflicts arose between the boy's parents over the extravagance of her husband, sometimes there were disagreements in Nikita's upbringing, the mother was very anxious about her son and was too worried about him and saw only a little boy in him, and the father insisted on raising a man in the child - a brave, strong hardened. But at the same time, they went to meet each other and found a common solution that did not harm Nikita, but, on the contrary, developed him. For example, the episode with Klopik. Mother was very afraid that it was too early for Nikita to ride a horse on his own: he might break, he might not cope with an unbroken horse. The father, on the contrary, was convinced that only in this way, with Nikita's introduction to independence, closeness to the life of the people, to participation in a common cause, one could raise a strong, strong man.

Nikita's family was always very hospitable and glad to guests. One of these visits of guests became a real event in the life of Nikita, then he met his first love. The house has always been very fond of the holidays. One of the brightest was the wonderful New Year. The author's love for the traditions of the old noble way of life is felt in the description of preparations for the holiday, home-made crafts, ornaments, persistent needles, waiting for long-awaited gifts, a lush table with treats, round dances around the Christmas tree with invited village children. A.N. Tolstoy details of the children's preparations for the new year.

In this house, even ordinary workers are treated very well, despite the fact that there is a master and peasants. Nikita's father is a very simple person in communication and behavior, he was friendly to the servants, and they respected the owners, tried to please them, paid with loyalty and care. The carpenter Pakhom, who makes a bench for Nikita, a sensible boy, a backup Mishka Koryashonok, a teacher Arkady Ivanovich, arouse sympathy. Nikita considers the most authoritative person to be Mishka Koryashonka, who works in the barnyard, as a caretaker. This is a serious and reasonable guy who, in imitation of adults, speaks with feigned indifference. "Nikita looked at Koryashonok with great respect." Although Mishka is small, but in his remarks, advice and actions, the Russian mindset and Russian character are already clearly visible. Another acquaintance of Nikita is the swirling, snub-nosed and big-mouthed Styopa Karnaushkin with a "spoken fist". The company of Nikita's village friends is supplemented by Semka, Lyonka, Artamoshka the Menshoy, Nil, Vanka Cherny Ushi and Bobylev's nephew Petrushka. Nikita is spinning all day in the courtyard, by the well, in the coach shed, in the room, in the threshing floor ... For him, the judgments of Mishka Koryashonka are most understandable. But less important is what the carpenter Pakhom, the worker Vasily, the stooped Artyom said or did. Nikita is curious about the life of the village, peasant children, peasant occupations, not understanding the complexities and hardships of village life, but at the same time spontaneously, instinctively not separating himself from it, feeling like something inextricably linked with the village.

§ 2.2. Friendship with the village guys

Nikita communicated with village children, and in the traditions of village childhood there was always a confrontation between one courtyard and another, fights, snow battles, playing war - all this also made up his childhood, a happy childhood, tempered his character, subjected him to tests.

Nikita never had problems in communication due to his different social status, even on the contrary, he believed that his village friends would never replace him with a single noble boy, as he was convinced after talking with a second-grade high school student Viktor, who was visiting Nikita on Christmas. Victor also made friends with the villagers, tried to be his own, but did not. But Nikita was one of his own among the guys, he was not afraid to go into fights with a wall, tease the villagers from the other side. Friendship with the shepherd boy Mishka Koryashonok was of great importance for him, his resourcefulness, whose courage had a special meaning, since he had to support himself. Therefore, Nikita even imitates Mishka and tries to surpass him in prowess. Nikita managed to defeat even the "conspiratorial" first strongman Stepka Karnaushkin, from whom the others backed away, after which the two boys exchanged gifts in a friendly manner - a knife and a pig. Nikita's character is especially evident in the scene with the bull, which from the herd suddenly rushed at a trot at him and at the second grade schoolboy Viktor who was visiting them. Slapping a whip like from a gun, Mishka Koryashonok managed to shout: "Beware, Nikita!" Nikita, in turn, shouted: "Victor, run!" But schoolboy Victor screamed, fell and covered his head with his hands. Nikita rushed to the rescue and began to beat the bull in the face with his hat. Mishka ran up with a whip and drove the bull away. In this scene, the relationship of the three characters is clearly outlined. Gymnasium student Victor, swaggering about his courage, teasing Nikita, who looked too much at his little sister Lilya, with blue eyes, a snub nose, curls and a lush bow on the top of his head: "... you just play with the girls," - now he has lost a lot in Nikita's eyes ... Victor could not stand any comparison with his village friends. And Nikita in this scene showed himself to be an adult boy, was not taken aback, but saved a friend. He was helped in this by observing the life of the servants, communication with the people.

§ 2.3. Harmony with nature - the formation of the spiritual world of the child

Okay, Nikita? - the boy asks his cheerful father.

Wonderful! - Nikita answers.

All images and events in this joyful book are marked with the word miraculous ...

Any day of Nikita is a constant discovery and filling with happiness. Everything is good, everything pleases: spring rain, flooding of water, the onset of summer, "the smells of moisture, decay, rain and grass", the sun, water, the sky acquire the meaning of the spiritualized essences of being. The boy is connected by spiritual threads with the mysteries of all living things. The story had already begun: “The sun was shining through the frosty patterns on the windows, through the wonderfully painted silver stars and clawed leaves. The light in the room was snow-white. A bunny slipped from the wash basin and trembled on the wall ”prepares us for the perception of something kind, fabulous, for the perception of a carefree childhood.

The story about "Nikita's Childhood" reflected the main result of childhood - the harmonious fusion of all facets of life: plants, animals, people, life and death, the relationship between the life of a ten-year-old child and the life of nature creates a kind of lyrical flavor of the narrative: "Nikita swam under the stars, calmly looked at distant worlds. " “All this is mine,” he thought, “someday I will sit on an airship and rush away…” This is how a boy perceives nature when in the summer after threshing he rides on a cart; Nikita is close to her, dissolves in the world around him. The author often animates natural phenomena, he creates poetic images of a starling, a cat, a horse, a hedgehog, an oriole. “Zheltukhin was sitting on a bush of grass, in the hot weather, in the corner between the porch and the wall of the house and looked with horror at the approaching Nikita” - this description of the starling is given by the author's softly smiling gaze, and some kind of intuitive poeticized vision of Nikita, and the humanized perception of Zheltukhin.

It is understandable that Nikita's close attention to everything that surrounds him is, Nikita learns to understand the world around him and himself in it. It is nature that enriches Nikita's spiritual work, develops in him the need for spiritual kinship with all living. The author often animates natural phenomena, he creates poetic images of a starling, a cat, a horse, a hedgehog, an oriole. Nikita's feelings for nature especially sharpened his love for a girl with a blue bow. After the New Year tree, Nikita returns home alone, seeing the guys who were invited to visit: “It seemed to Nikita that he was walking in a dream, in an enchanted kingdom. Only in an enchanted kingdom is it so strange and so happy in the soul. " Unity with nature, the feeling of being an integral part of it creates in the boy's soul an almost constant expectation of happiness, wonderful, fantastic.

Nikita's vision of the real echoes his fantastic ideas, coming from the boy's dream, from the desire to poeticize the world around him. He infects others with this desire. So, Lilya is looking for a vase with him, which Nikita once dreamed of. And in fact, this vase was found by children on a clock in a dark room, and there was a ring in it, Nikita says with confidence: "It's magical." And the story is about two people that are depicted in the family portraits, seen through the open door in the semi-dark suite of neighboring rooms. One is "a stern old man with a sharp nose and hawkish, piercing eyes." Another portrait depicts "a young woman of about 25 ... in her hand she holds a rose, but this rose does not at all go to her proud pose half-reverse to the viewer, to her haughty smile and to her large, cheerful, defiant eyes. The flame slides over her white dress, bare shoulders, plays on her face. "The old man and the proud beauty," come to life in portraits, "ruined each other ...". This story awakened Nikita's imagination, attracted with its mystery, it seemed to him that the beauty looked mysteriously and saw Nikita. So the fantastic mixes with the real, shows the development of Nikita's spiritual world, his fantasies, inventions, dreaminess develop the imagination, softness and sensitivity of Nikita's nature.

The happiest, touching pages of Nikita's childhood are associated with Christmas, with Nikita's first love. Lilya, Nikita's beloved, a nine-year-old girl, Victor's sister. Lily had long curly locks and a big blue bow. Nikita immediately fell in love with shining blue eyes, and a ringing playful laugh. She was very restrained and did not show her interest in Nikita. Nikita's first love, one might even say, love at first sight, pure, childish, innocent. The first kiss, which Nikita was very afraid of, Lily's response. Very touching, a little naive, but it is said simply and wonderfully:

You're a good boy, I didn't tell you that so no one would know, but it's a secret.

Nikita was very shy and constantly blushed when talking to her, afraid to say something wrong. When Lilya was visiting, every day of Nikita was filled with happiness, joy, Nikita told her stories, and Lilya listened to him attentively, not missing a single word. After Lily's departure, Nikita thought about her every day, the days dragged on gloomy, boring memories of the girl warmed his heart and soul, he saw her image before his eyes: her big blue bow, blue eyes. With the first love, Nikita begins to grow up, his sometimes unreasonable sadness, the change in the weather caused a feeling of change, a desire to hurry up time. And the letter that Nikita received from Lily! The long-awaited letter that Lilya sent with an invitation to stay with them in the summer was another happy moment in her life. Nikita's gift of a ring with a blue stone to Lilia reminded her of him. It was such happiness that Nikita on his horse seemed to fly home in the wind.

Lilya transformed Nikita's childhood, made him even happier, gave him priceless memories of the first kiss, the ring, his first poem, the forest, and the unforgettable Christmas Eve. She enriched his inner world and became an ideal for him, giving him her tenderness, casual looks, ringing laughter. Nikita even composed a poem - so overwhelmed his feelings of something extraordinary and happy.

The happy time of childhood in the steppe estate ends very prosaically. The family moves to the city, where everything is not so simple, nice and easy, and everyone is in a hurry somewhere, busy with their own business. Nikita feels like a stranger here, a "captured prisoner," just like Zheltukhin.

After the words "A week later, Nikita passed the entrance exam and entered the second grade," there was still such a final phrase, which ended the whole story: "This event ends his childhood."

Conclusion

The remarkable story "Nikita's Childhood", which concludes the cycle of A. Tolstoy's autobiographical works about the life of the nobility, is rightfully considered one of the best Russian books for children. At first glance, Nikita's Childhood resembles old noble family chronicles, but the story differs from them. The exciting image of the homeland, the hot breath of living poetry, the plasticity of the visual means, deep lyricism and realistic brilliance put Nikita's Childhood among the best works of A.N. Tolstoy.

The unfading vitality of Tolstoy's story is still determined by the writer's ability to “turn to a person who cannot be understood without understanding the earth and the sun,” without understanding nature. A. Tolstoy's story "Nikita's Childhood" (in the first editions of "The Tale of Many Excellent Things") introduces the reader to the circle of unclouded, joyful impressions of a nine-year-old child. In the work of A.N. Tolstoy's "Nikita's Childhood" feels the atmosphere of love for everything around him, and the hero himself is a kind of generalized image of a happy child, a symbol of a happy childhood. The life of the boy Nikita, growing up in a free steppe noble estate, proceeds against the background of a measured, durable landlord-village life, in direct communication with the lush steppe nature. Sledding from the mountains, studying with a tutor, caressing a loving mother, games and fights with village children, preparing for the Christmas tree and meeting guests, first love - this is what forms the character of the protagonist of the story. An independent, courageous, very sensitive and impressionable boy who lives in harmony with nature and loved ones. The writer's bright memories of childhood are permeated with the lyrical image of his beloved Motherland, which arises in everything: in descriptions of the nature and life of the Sosnovka farm, in stories about village children, in the pure, beautiful Russian language of the story. This is its main educational value.

"Nikita's Childhood" is a story about the first years of human formation. A chronicle of the main events in the boy's life during the last year before the start of his studies unfolds before the reader. In "Nikita's Childhood" the wonderful art of transforming the writer into a child manifested itself, manifested in free breathing, the extraordinary relief of each shown thing, manifested a passionate and restrained love for nature, for all living things, accurate adult knowledge of them and their accurate childish perception, comprehension of children's character.

Bibliography

1. 
   Ivanov N.N. Dialectics of the child's soul in the works of A.N. Tolstoy // Materials of the IX All-Russian scientific and methodological conference "World literature for children and about children." - Issue 9, 2004. - P.27-31.
2. 
   Alpatov A. Nikita's childhood // Children's literature. - No. 5, 1936. - P.23-25.
3. 
   Smirnova V. Third Tolstoy in children's literature // Children's literature. - No. 2, 1966. - P.17-20.

Year of publication of the book: 1922

The book by Alexei Tolstoy "Nikita's Childhood" was first published in 1922 and was dedicated to the writer's son. The work was appreciated by both critics and readers. This allowed the work to get into the modern school curriculum, and also contributed to the adaptation of the book "Nikita's Childhood". The film of the same name was filmed in 1992.

The story "Nikita's childhood" summary

Nikita woke up and remembered that yesterday one familiar man named Pakhom made a special bench for him, on which he can slide down the hill. The boy was very happy and was about to run into the street when his teacher Arkady Ivanovich intercepted him. Therefore, Nikita had to go to breakfast, and then take lessons. He sat for a long time at mathematics and calligraphy, when it was announced that Arkady Ivanovich had received mail. The man left the room, and Nikita immediately slipped after him and ran to his friends.

The protagonist of Tolstoy's work "Nikita's Childhood" instantly found himself in the courtyard, where he was already met by his comrades from his end of the village, and their enemies, the "Konchansk" guys who lived on the edge of the village, were playing nearby. Nikita immediately began to climb the hill to get off it, when he saw that the teacher was already running after him. Arkady Ivanovich told the student that one of the letters that came in the morning was from his father. It said that he was preparing a huge gift for Nikita. And also the fact that a friend of the mother with her children will come to visit them on holidays. The second letter received by the teacher was from his bride.

When Nikita went to bed, he had a very strange dream. It seemed to him that someone wanted to stop the wall clock. Wanting to prevent this, the boy kicked off and took off. On one of the upper shelves, he saw a beautiful vase, looking into which he wanted to take its contents for himself. However, the old woman in the picture did not let him do it. Then the boy's dream ended. Opening his eyes, Nikita saw that Arkady Ivanovich was standing beside him.

Further in Tolstoy's story "Nikita's Childhood" we can read that the next day after this dream the boy was released for a walk, since the Christmas holidays began. On the street, a battle began between Nikita's comrades and the "Konchansk" guys. The latter began to win, when the main character pounced on the leader of the opponents named Styopa. Then the other boys joined in. They drove the Konchanskiy several more households. Styopa was struck by Nikita's courage, and the guys became friends.

In the evening, guests arrived - Anna Apollosovna with her children, a second-grade student at the gymnasium, Viktor, and a nine-year-old girl named Lilya. As in Nikita, I really liked the girl. Even when they were walking in the yard, he noticed that the girl was watching him from the window, and this gave him courage. So the story "Nikita's Childhood" tells how once, in front of Lily's eyes, he even managed to stop a ferocious bull. A little later, the boy received a present from his father - a large boat with two oars. For several days, the whole family was busy preparing for Christmas - they were decorating the Christmas tree, preparing various dishes. The holiday was very emotional - the children were dancing to the accompaniment of Nikita's mother, Alexandra Leontievna. Everyone received their gifts and sat down at a large table. After dinner Nikita even managed to kiss Lilya.

Throughout the entire time, while Anna Apollosovna was staying here with her children, Nikita spent time with Lilya. He was not even interested in what other boys were doing there. On the contrary, Victor liked walking with the guys in the yard more. They built barricades and fought various battles. But for some reason Nikita was not interested in them. He focused all his attention on the girl. And then one day the protagonist of Tolstoy's story "Nikita's Childhood" told Leela about his strange dream. She asked if they had such a vase at home that the boy had dreamed about. Thinking, Nikita remembered that something like that was in his grandfather's office. Entering the room, the children saw that there was a ring with a small pebble in the vase. Nikita immediately put it on Leela's finger.

When the guests left, Nikita missed Leela very much. He was also saddened by the fact that the holidays were over, and therefore he had to sit down for his lessons again. As in the boy did not particularly like algebra, but there was nothing to do - he had to sit at textbooks. Nikita's father, Vasily Nikitievich, wrote that he would be late and would come home only for Great Lent. The fact is that for several months he has been trying to get an inheritance in Samara, but the matter is progressing terribly slowly, and the man urgently needs to leave for Moscow. Alexandra Leontievna was worried about this. It seemed to her that due to the fact that her husband had been away for so long, Nikita would forget her father. But this is not so - the boy perfectly remembered his cheerful and smiling dad and was waiting for him.

Nikita often remembered Lilya. He walked so sad that Alexandra Leontievna thought that her son was sick. She canceled classes and began to solder him with medications. As soon as the street got warmer and the rooks flew in, Nikita felt much better.

Later in the story "Nikita's Childhood" a summary tells how one day he heard the news that his father was drowning under the ice. The boy was very scared, but everything ended well - by the evening Vasily Nikitievich was at home. But the incident did not pass without a trace - for several days the man was tormented by a fever. But there was no time to get sick for a long time - work was in full swing at home, everyone was preparing for Easter. The parents of the protagonist were so tired during the cleaning and cooking of festive dishes that they could not go to the service. Arkady Ivanovich was also not eager to go to matins, as he was upset by the absence of a letter from the bride.

Therefore, he went to serve in the neighboring village of Nikita alone. There he was allowed to stay with his father's friend Pyotr Devyatov. Having reached his destination, the boy quickly became friends with the six sons of Peter Petrovich. A little later, he met his daughter Anna. The girl's brothers complained about her to Nikita and called her sister a sneak. After the service, Anna did not leave Nikita a single step. He realized that she felt for him the same as he felt for Leela. But the boy could not reciprocate.

And now in the work "Nikita's Childhood" came May. The month Nikita celebrated his birthday. On this occasion, Vasily Nikitievich launched a boat donated for Christmas. Together they hung a flag on her, after which his father declared Nikita an admiral. Warm weather set in, and the boy was often allowed to walk all day. On one of these walks, he picked up a small starling, which he later named Zheltukhin. He took him to his house and began to train. The lessons bore fruit - after some time the chick recognized Nikita, constantly spent the night in his house and even learned to speak a little. So until autumn Zheltukhin lived in the boy's house. But with the onset of cold weather, it flew to warmer regions along with other starlings.

While autumn had not yet arrived, Nikita enjoyed his free time. Moreover, the parents decided to teach him to ride. At first, Alexandra Leontievna, of course, worried about her son. But Vasily Nikitievich persuaded his wife. A little later, his father gave Nikita his own horse, which was named Klopik. Summer turned out to be so sultry that the grain harvest was in jeopardy. This worried the boy's parents very much. Moreover, the teacher walked around sad because his fiancée would not be able to come, and they would be able to see each other in Samara. Once Zheltukhin flew into the house and shouted: "Storm!" Indeed, a few hours later the village was covered with thick clouds and it started to rain.

But in the work "Nikita's Childhood" the author says that with the appearance of Klopik, a new job also fell on Nikita - he had to travel to a neighboring village to pick up fresh mail. One day he saw that he had received a letter from Lily. In it, the girl wrote that she still remembers Nikita and keeps his gift - a ring with a blue stone. The boy felt so warm in his soul. He remembered the Christmas holidays and couldn't help smiling.

Arriving home, Nikita saw that his parents were quarreling. The fact is that Vasily Nikitievich wanted to go to the fair and sell one of the mares there. But his wife was against such an idea - she was afraid that the man would spend too much money there and buy something unnecessary. Nikita's father often behaved this way. They came to a compromise, and Vasily Nikitievich hit the road. After the fair, he told his son that he had nevertheless made a rash purchase - he had acquired several camels.

With the onset of autumn, Vasily Nikitievich again went to Samara. From there, he wrote to his wife that the matter with the inheritance had not been resolved. Therefore, he will have to spend the winter in the city again. But now he no longer wanted to live separately from his family. The man suggested that Alexandra Leontyevna move to the city and promised to buy her two vases. The woman reluctantly agreed. Arkady Ivanovich was also delighted with this news - after all, in Samara he was to meet with his bride.

In the city, the family was met by a friend of Alexandra Leontyevna with her children. Nikita noticed that Lilya was angry with him for some unknown reason. The girl said that she was offended because she did not receive an answer to her letter. Nikita was terribly ashamed that he had forgotten to write. He asked for forgiveness, and Lilya forgave him. Since then, as the story "Nikita's Childhood" is told, the heroes have begun a new life. The boy was not used to life in the city and at first it seemed to him that he was in a cage. But after a week he was able to pass the exams well, and he was admitted to the gymnasium.

The story "Nikita's Childhood" on the site Top books

Tolstoy's story "Nikita's Childhood" is popular to read largely due to the presence of the work in the school curriculum. This allowed the book to take a high place among. And although the interest in the story is seasonal in nature, we will surely see it more than once among

Literary reading grade 4 (Perspective)

Lesson topic: A. Tolstoy. "Nikita's childhood". The meaning of the story
The purpose of the lesson: continue working on the work, practice the skill of fluent expressive reading: teach how to divide the text into parts; draw up a plan; develop students' speech, memory, thinking.
Lesson Objectives:

Learn to define a learning task;

Teach to plan the implementation of an educational task;

Create a favorable emotional mood;

Recall the content of the story;

Form the ability to work with text;

Continue work on the development of speech, memory, critical thinking;

Form the ability to work in a group.

List of equipment for the lesson:

Literary reading. 4th grade. Textbook. for general education. organizations complete with audipril. to the electron. carrier. At 2h. Part 1 / L.F. Klimanova, L.A. Vinogradskaya, M.V. Boykin; Grew up. acad. Sciences, Ros. acad. education, publishing house "Education". - 4th ed. - M .: Education, 2014 .-- 158 p. : ill. - (Academic school textbook) (Perspective);

Phonogram of the song "The Island of Childhood" performed by M. Boyarsky;

Squared workbooks for literary reading,
student plan cards.

Planned results

Subject:

Determine what mood the read works create.

Give characterization to literary characters based on the work read.

Metasubject:

Define the educational task of the lesson.

Plan the implementation of educational activities in accordance with the assigned educational task.

Carry out a logical action analysis highlighting essential and insignificant features.

Carry out a logical comparison action according to specified and independently selected criteria.

Carry out a logical action generalization.

Communicate your position to others, arguing for it.

Personal:

Compare your character traits with the character traits of literary heroes;

Assess your character traits;

Determine which features are main and defining;

Motivate to learning activities;

Develop cooperation skills in different situations.
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment
2. Speech workout
What is childhood?
Childhood is sweetness
This is when even
Rain and cold for joy.
Childhood is a fairy tale
Cheburashka with Gena,
Everything around is beautiful
Unusual.
(Reading in a buzzing way, slowly, with acceleration, expressive)
-What can you say about such a period of a person's life as childhood?- Who has heard the expression "childhood island"?
- How do you understand him?
- Close your eyes, sit comfortably. I invite you on a journey to the “island of childhood”.
(One verse and chorus of the song "Island of Childhood" performed by M. Boyarsky sound.)
- What emotions did you have?
- Why this particular song Itook for a lesson?
3.Self-determination to activity
- Today we are continuing our conversation about the work of A. Tolstoy "Nikita's Childhood". Try to formulate the objectives of the lesson.
4.Work on the topic of the lesson
a) At home, you read the work of A. Tolstoy. Let's start the lesson withvocabulary work .
Cartwheel -shed for carriages and other carriages.
Workbench - machine for carpentry work.
Hood -a hat with two long ends that are wrapped around the neck.Prairie - the vast North American steppe.
-Choosesynonyms to the wordsgloomy, save .
-Chooseantonyms to the wordsgrow old, work .
b) Reading aloud the first part of "Sunny Morning". Determination of the main idea of ​​this part.
c) Working in pairs. Coming up with questions about the content to classmates.
5. Exercise minute
6. Continuation of work on the topic.
a) Reading the second part of the work "Arkady Ivanovich" in roles.
- Trace through the text what kind of relationship Nikita had with his mother, with the teacher.

b) Reading the third part "Snowdrifts" by students "until the first mistake."
c) Conversation.
-What was Nikita's mood?
-What made him such a mood?
- Did Nikita want to deceive the teacher?
Why did the boy see so much on the street? Does he love his native land?- What mood did Nikita feel on the bench? What words did the author use to convey his impressions?
-What winter fun do you like? Are your parents involved?
-Why does Nikita climb to the very cape and dig a cave?-Determine the main idea of ​​this part.
d) Reading the "Mysterious Letter" part "chain"
-What letter did everyone expect?
-What do you think it is about? (Children's assumptions)
e) Work with a deformed plan (cards). Recovery. Work in pairs.
* Air pinched in the nose.
* On crispy steps.
* Snow capes over Chagra.
* The bench itself went down the mountain.
* Figurine of Arkady Ivanovich.
* Snow cave.
* Dialogue between the teacher and Nikita.
7. Reflection.
-Choose a sentence and continue with it.
-Today in the lesson I learned ...
-In this lesson I would praise myself for ...
-After the lesson I wanted to ...
-Today I managed to ...
8. Lesson summary.
-What is the meaning of this work? What does the author teach us?
9. Homework.
Prepare a retelling of the part "Snowdrifts" according to the restored plan. Come up with a sequel related to the mysterious letter.