N. Gogol. "Christmas Eve". Folklore sources and motives. The historical basis of the story. Oksana and the blacksmith Vakula. Outline of a lesson in literature (grade 5) on the topic: Folklore motives of the fairy tale by N. V. Gogol "The Night before Christmas"

... the poet entered the kingdom of the nation as its complete ruler, but, imbued with her spirit, merging with her, he showed only his kinship with her, and not identity ...
V. G. Belinsky

Nikolai Gogol's story "The Night Before Christmas" is similar to a folkloric fairy tale, in other words, the author actively uses fiction, fantasy and symbolism in order to characterize the world around him in an allegorical form.

The subject of the image in a fairy tale is unusual, terrible events(marriage to a frog, travel to the afterlife); in "Night ..." we find the agreement of the good Christian - the blacksmith Vakula with the devil - the enemy of the human race. In a fairy tale, the action has an adventurous character, positive hero, overcoming difficult obstacles, always reaches his goal (Koshchei wins, gets rejuvenating apples); in "Night ..." Vakula flew to St. Petersburg for the Tsar's cherviches (an indispensable condition for a wedding with Oksana) and returned to Dikanka during Christmas night. Wonderful characters are often introduced into a fairy tale to help the hero achieve his goal (wolf, horse, sword-kladenets, etc.); in "Night ..." such an assistant to the protagonist becomes ... devil.

Fiction in a fairy tale may resemble reality, or it may have a fantastic character. A remarkable feature of "Night ..." is the interweaving of reality and fantasy, sometimes so close that it is impossible to separate one from the other. Here reality is explained through fiction. On Christmas night, a month disappeared from the sky over Dikanka and a blizzard arose, because the devil decided to harm the blacksmith. Vakula was going to go to Oksana to explain, but did not want to meet with Chub, whom he disliked. The devil stole a month from heaven on purpose and put it in his little bag so that Chub would stay at home. Science fiction, in turn, takes on real features in the scene, when the devil, having stolen a month, flies to Solokha and begins to look after her like an experienced lady's gentleman. Or Vakula comes for advice to the village sorcerer Pot-bellied Molasses, and he eats the most ordinary dumplings in a fantastic way: with a glance he throws the dumplings from one bowl to another filled with sour cream, and then in the same magical way sends them into his own mouth.

Reality and fantasy are intertwined in the image of Vakula the blacksmith. On the one hand, it is quite a real man, nothing human is alien to him: he dearly loves Oksana and suffers from her coquetry, dislikes Chuba, he is a good blacksmith and a thorough owner. On the other hand, he is a positive hero of folk tales, who has all the qualities necessary for this. Author endowed Vakula physical strength(oppressed by the hands of a horseshoe), courage (travels through the sky), perseverance (does not give up courting-red tape for Oksana), beauty (the queen liked the Zaporozhye caftan very much), captivating directness in dealing with Oksana, Chub, Ekaterina. The image of Vakula combines the features of a folk hero (Ivan the peasant's son) and an "ironic fool" (Ivanushka the fool, who in fact turns out to be the smartest among fairy-tale heroes). Next to Vakula, other worthy Cossacks are placed in the story (for example, brave, reasonable Cossacks).

Gogol retains the ideological attitude of any fairy tale - to show the struggle between good and evil forces and the inevitable victory of good. In accordance with this ideological task, all the heroes in the fairy tale are divided into good (personify Christian values) and evil (represent pagan images); in "Night ..." Vakula is the most active representative good forces, and his mother Solokha (a witch known to all Dikanka) and the devil play the roles of fabulous villains. True, these villains fail to seriously harm Vakula. Solokha is against the marriage of his son to Oksana, since she herself wants to marry Chub in order to take over his rich household, but it is Vakula who ultimately gets the consent of the bride and her father. Damn, trying to stop Vakula, he always gets into a mess and himself in the end, under threat sign of the cross, helps a daring blacksmith to get royal slivers. The evil forces in the story are not at all fearful; on the contrary, they are described with remarkable humorous skill.

Humor in "Night ...", among other things, smooths out the boundaries of the real and fantastic worlds... So, although the devil tried very hard to keep old Chub at home, the worthy peasant went on a visit out of stubbornness. The unclean one miscalculated, since no blizzard can stop the Cossack when he intends to drink "distilled vodka for saffron." Another example. What size should the bag be so that two such respectable Cossacks like the clerk and Chub could fit in it? What kind of strong man should Vakula be to pick up this sack and another one in which Solokha hid the Dikankov's head of many pounds? However, Gogol describes all these absurdities quite seriously, which enhances the comic of the situation.

In the story, Gogol repeats common fairy-tale plot moves. Often the reason for the adventures of fairy-tale heroes is the search for the missing groom ("Finist-Clear Falcon") or the bride ("The Frog Princess"). Wayward Oksana does not appreciate Vakula's love and looks like, in a sense, a lost bride. The blacksmith wants to earn Oksana's love by presenting her with tsarist slippers, for which he goes to distant Petersburg. As usually happens in fairy tales (for example, Ivan Tsarevich burns the skin of the frog princess), Vakula first chooses the wrong path to achieve his goal: in order to achieve Oksana's love, he is ready to drown himself or make a deal with evil spirits. However, he manages to come to his senses in time, discarding sinful thoughts of suicide and selling his soul to the devil. Gogol uses a fairy tale motif of wanderings (Ivan Tsarevich passes the Copper, Silver and Golden Kingdom): Vakula flies from Dikanka to St. Petersburg. Threefold repetition of episodes - characteristic feature folk tales - present in "Night ...", however, peripheral episodes are repeated: Solokha hides three of his fans (head, clerk and Chuba) in sacks, while the devil himself dives into a small sack. As a result, four cavaliers are distributed over three bags. As in many fairy tales, a fair and kind king appears in the finale, so in "Night ..." Vakula gets to Winter Palace where the inexpressibly beautiful Queen Catherine fulfills the request of an innocent blacksmith without any questions and gives him happiness - golden threads from her own wardrobe. Like most fairy tales, the story has a happy ending: good triumphs over evil, the devoted Vakula deserves the love of his chosen one.

So, Gogol's story "The Night Before Christmas" has many features that make it akin to a fairy tale: exciting plot moves, the image of the main character, grouping of characters. However, "Night ..." is not folklore, but author's tale, that is literary work, which differs from the folk tale in pictorial techniques.

Firstly, Gogol's fairy tale plot is overgrown with colorful descriptions, that is, the author seeks to poeticize nature and Cossack life in comparison with a laconic folk tale. These accurate and witty descriptions slow down the action of the story, but add to the fascination of the story.

Secondly, the episodes of the story are structured in such a way as to give an exciting tension to the story, and the denouement of each episode is unexpected and comical. So, Chub got lost in a blizzard and returned home, as the devil wanted. But, colliding with Vakula at the door of his own hut, Chub felt intimidated, and the blacksmith, not recognizing the future father-in-law, drove Chub out into the cold with strong jerks. When Solokha had already seated three of her important gentlemen in sacks, the last one arrived - the Cossack Sverbyguz. She did not dare to accept it at home, since it was impossible to find a bag in which such a portly man could fit. Then "Solokha took him out into the garden to hear from him everything that he wanted to announce to her."

Thirdly, Gogol uses complex psychological motivations for the characters' behavior (why the devil doesn't love the blacksmith; how Oksana realized that she loves Vakula; why the old women considered Solokha a witch, etc.).

For all the differences between "Night ..." from a folk tale, it should be admitted that this story is true folk work: Gogol reflected in her the life of the people in its essential manifestations, reflected the spirit of the people, his wit, gaiety, his view of the world.

UKRAINIAN FOLKLORE IN THE STORY OF N. V. GOGOL "THE NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS"

Option 1

I really like the story of N. V. Gogol "The Night before Christmas", because in it miraculously reality and fantasy are combined. Characters coexist next to common villagers Ukrainian folklore, everyday life intertwined with magic.

We become witnesses of how the pages of the story come to life folk legends and beliefs, for example, that on Christmas night, evil spirits become especially active and anything can happen.

The most prominent representative of petty evil spirits is the devil, who tries to plot intrigues and in every possible way harms good people. He steals a month, sets a blizzard in the middle of a clear winter night so that Chub and his godfather go astray, tries to take possession of Vakula's soul in exchange for the slippers for Oksana. But the devout and savvy blacksmith eventually manages to ridicule and punish the devil.

The magnificent Solokha turns out to be a witch. She flies astride a broomstick across the sky, hides stars in her sleeve, and can turn into animals. Some of the residents of Dikanka saw her tail from behind, someone recognized her in the form of a black cat and a pig.

Dear witch doctor Patsyuk “is akin to the devil”. He does not observe fasting and on the evening of hungry kutya eats dumplings with sour cream, he can easily see evil spirits... Revived characters of Ukrainian folklore make the story more fun, interesting, fabulous, help the author convey the wealth and originality of folk mythology.

Option 2

Name young writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol became widely known in 1831-1832 after the publication of two parts of his book "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka". Eight stories, of which both parts consisted, are a completely new phenomenon in Russian literature.

From the pages of these stories breathed the breath of real folk life. They are based on Ukrainian folk art- fairy tales, songs, folk beliefs, as well as personal impressions of the writer about Ukraine. This work amazed the reader with romantic brightness and freshness of artistic colors, excellent pictures of Ukrainian nature, amazing knowledge of everyday life and customs of ordinary people, remarkably subtle humor.

In "Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka," Gogol did not take the path of a naturalistic or crude comic depiction negative traits peasant life, nor along the path of its sentimental idealization. Gogol poeticized rural life and common man... This work of the writer is closely connected with the turn of Russian literature towards nationality. The nationality manifested itself not only in the ethnographically accurate reproduction of the customs and life of the peasantry, but also in the truthful depiction of the features national character people, in penetration into the essence of the national spirit.

The heroes of "The Night Before Christmas" sing carols - they sing carols under the windows on the eve of Christmas - songs glorifying the owners of the house and wishing them health and good life, songs about the Nativity of Christ. In response to the songs, the owners are obliged to treat those who sing with something edible or money, who are rich in what.

The folk beliefs were also reflected in the story - in the devil and witches who intrigue and interfere with good people. The devil, in order to take revenge on the blacksmith, stole a month from the sky, and an impenetrable haze hung over the whole village. But Vakula managed to deceive the devil and force him to carry out his orders, so the blacksmith managed in one day to get the little pieces for his beloved Oksana, in which the queen herself walked. As always in folk tales and beliefs, good triumphs over evil.

And about Solokha there were a great many different rumors: that they saw “behind her tail no larger than a woman's spindle; that she had crossed the road like a black cat the Thursday before last; that a pig once ran to the priest, cried like a rooster, put on the cap of Father Kondrat and ran away. "

In the morning after Christmas, all the villagers went to church services. Everyone had festive mood... Everyone was dressed in the best festive outfits: “elderly women in white namitki, in white cloth scrolls”, “noblewomen in yellow and green sweaters, and others even in blue kuntushi with gold backs and mustaches”, young girls “had a whole shop of ribbons, and on the neck monistas, crosses and ducats ”.

The subject of the image in the story "The Night Before Christmas" is everyday folk life with its joys and sorrows, domestic life, fairs, evening parties, the promenade of young boys and bright-eyed beauties. The author skillfully recreated the appearance of the people, their naive beliefs, fullness of feelings, worldly wisdom, purity folk soul, poetic performances.

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Grade 5

Lesson number 25.

Theme. N.V. Gogol. "Christmas Eve". Folklore sources and motives. The historical basis of the story. Oksana and the blacksmith Vakula.

Target:

to reveal the historical basis, folklore sources and motives of the story; to form an idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe image of the narrator, to determine the similarities and differences of the heroes of the story and fairytale characters;

to form the ability to highlight the main thing in the message of the teacher and students, work with a textbook and illustrations; as well as skills expressive reading, reading by roles, artistic retelling, lexical work;

to foster interest in the personality and work of N.V. Gogol.

Equipment: multimedia presentation.

DURING THE CLASSES.

І. Organizing time.

II. Repetition of what was learned in the previous lesson.

Folklore motives, the historical basis of the story.

"Christmas Eve"

Folklore motives

Selling a soul to the devil, a ride on a devil's horse, an anecdote about a blacksmith and a devil, a date between the devil and a witch, a witch flying on a broomstick through a pipe, the motive of a witch-stepmother.

Folklore sources.

Ukrainian bylichki, past and legends (the legend of the pious painter).

Bylichka- genre of oral folk art: the story of a hero about a meeting with "evil spirits".

Bywalschina(true story) - in Russian folk art, a short oral story about an incident, an event that took place in reality, without focusing on the personal testimony of the narrator.

Legend- one of the varieties of non-fairytale prose folklore. Poetic legend about some historical event

The traditions of hagiographic literature.

"Word about the great John, Archbishop of Veliky Novagrad."

Historical background.

Time of action - the first half of the 1770s, on the eve of the abolition of the Zaporizhzhya Sich by Empress Catherine II in 1775. The story mentions the participation of the Cossacks in the war with the Turks and the conquest of the Crimea, a reliable portrait of the Empress is given.

Explain lexical meanings words and phrases: chaise, parish, doing painting, assessor, droplets, cap, knysh.

Chaise - a light road carriage, mostly without springs, sometimes with an open top.

Volost - rural area subordinate to the city.

Engage in painting - draw .

Assessor - a person elected to participate in the work of a government or judicial institution.

Droplets - hat with ear flaps.

Cap - headdress with a band and a visor.

Knysh - a small round pie with cottage cheese baked inside or other filling: jam, or onions with cracklings.

What are the features that unite the story with a fairy tale? (It is based on the most common of fairy tales: the hero's trip to Far Far Away kingdom for the magic item necessary to conquer the beauty. Two more are attached to this plot - also common: about a blacksmith who defeated the devil, and from a household tale - about lovers hidden in sacks. As in a real fairy tale, good wins).

III. Images of Oksana and Vakula in the story "The Night Before Christmas".

1. Images of Oksana in the story.

When does the story take place?

1.1. A story about Christmas Eve.

On Christmas night, by popular belief, all sorts of miracles are happening. It is believed that on this night the heavens, all earthly waters, springs are endowed with magical healing powers. The wish made this night will surely come true. There is a custom to look at the sky at Christmas midnight: the heavenly heights of unthinkable beauty open to the eyes of people living a righteous life. On the eve of Christmas in Russia, the custom of caroling was observed. Boys and girls gathered and went from house to house, singing carols and begging for food and money from the owners. The night before the holiday is a good time for action traits. This is a time of special freedom of behavior. The holiday and the beliefs associated with it take life out of its usual rut and make the impossible possible.

1.2. Narrator in the story.

Who is the narrator from?

Make a spoken portrait of the narrator.

How does the narrator perceive what is happening? What do the details of the characteristics that he gives to the heroes of the story testify?

1.3. Expressive reading of a fragment of the story from the words "But on the back he was a real provincial solicitor in uniform ..." to the words "... to learn the sins of good people." (P. 162)

1.4. Expressive reading of a fragment from the words "Wonderfully arranged in our world!" to the words "Mug, as Foma Grigorievich says, is an abomination an abomination, but he also builds love chickens!" (P. 164)

1.5. An expressive reading of a fragment from the words “Maybe these very tricks and sharpness were her fault…” to the words “… put on the cap of Kondrat's father and ran back”. (P. 174)

The narrator is his own person in the world he is talking about, and he addresses the reader as “his own”. The text of the story is filled with references to mutual acquaintances, rumors, to someone's words. The narrator cannot but gossip about mutual acquaintances, distracting from the story that occupies him, plunging into details.

Name the heroes of the story.

Why are there so many heroes in the story? (This is a story about an entire country, about a “tribe,” not just a few people.)

What qualities of Oksana are manifested in the episodes:

"Oksana in front of the mirror";

"A Conversation with a Blacksmith"; "The arrival of girlfriends"?

1.6. Expressive reading in roles from the words "Now let's see what the beautiful daughter is doing when left alone ..." to the words "... That's all that could have been done best then." (S. 167-169)

1.7. Pupils' artistic retelling of the episode depicted in the illustration by M.S. Rodionov. (S. 169-172)

1.8. Expressive reading in roles from the words "Heaps of girls with sacks broke into Chub's hut, surrounded Oksana ..." to the words "The girls took the capricious beauty with them." (S. 178-179)

How does Oksana differ from the goodies of folk tales? (The images of the heroines of folk tales are schematic. Oksana is a living person. Gogol does not idealize the heroine. However, there is nothing repulsive in her coquetry. She looks quite simple and sometimes comical).

Does the test Oksana invented for Vakula look like the test of a hero in folk tales?

1.9. Referring to the illustration "Get the Skulls, I'll Get Married!" Artist A.P. Bubnov. (P. 185)

2. The image of Vakula in the story.

How is the blacksmith Vakula depicted? Write down keywords that can tell you about the character of Vakula the blacksmith.

How does Vakula look like a hero of a fairy tale? (Vakula, like any positive hero of a fairy tale, is described extremely sparingly, his image is somewhat schematic. He is a skilled blacksmith and talented painter... The hero is very strong, pious, devout. The descriptions of Vakula's love experiences make it possible to understand that this is a person who knows how to subtly feel, sincerely love).

The fact that Vakula is an artist is very important for Gogol. Gogol considered art, capable of resurrecting the soul of Russia, to be the most powerful means for combating evil. But this belief was subject to constant doubts, and in his work the artist defeats the devil twice - in "The Night Before Christmas" and in the second part of the story "Portrait".

What do we learn about Vakula the artist?

Expressive reading from the words "In his leisure time, the blacksmith was engaged in painting ..." to the words "... and since then the devil has sworn to take revenge on the blacksmith." (S. 163-164)

An expressive reading of a fragment from the words “Having already climbed the stairs, the Cossacks went through the first hall” to the words “I think all this was done by German blacksmiths for the most expensive prices”. (S.202-203)

Expressive reading of a fragment from the words "Whose is this painted hut?" to the words "And the child, holding back the tears, looked askance at the picture and pressed against the breast of his mother." (P. 212)

(Vakula paints fences, paints bowls, huts and chests, but at the same time can paint a picture and appreciate European painting the time when he sees her in the palace in St. Petersburg. Vakula is an artist, he shames the devil not only with a cross, but also with art, painting him in a shameful way.)

- The story contains several expressive descriptions of Vakula's art. Are details and halftones present in Vakula's paintings? What does this indicate? (In Vakula's paintings, there are no halftones and no bright details. Color contrasts cutting and daring. This speaks of the straightforwardness of character, the sincerity of the artist.)

How is a winter night depicted in the story? Expressive reading of episodes. (The night seems to be drawn by Vakula. She is depicted sparingly, without halftones, bright colors, without unnecessary detail. Nature and people are in tune with each other.)

In the next snippet, mark the means artistic expression... For what purpose are they used? From the words "The last day before Christmas passed ..." to the words "Then through the chimney of one hut, smoke poured in clouds and went like a cloud across the sky, and together with the smoke a witch rose on a broomstick." (P. 161) (Impersonations allow us to imagine the natural world as alive, like the world of man: "The month majestically ascended into the sky. The month alone peeped into them.)

IV. Summing up the lesson.

Gogol's appeal to Ukrainian subjects in "The Night Before Christmas" was largely determined by the literary situation of the era: interest in folk poetry, folk culture... For a long time this layer of folklore was outside the sphere of attention of high literature, being admitted only in low genres... Heroes appear in the work, resembling fairy-tale characters. These are Vakula and Oksana.

How did Gogol portray Vakula and Oksana? (Heroes are sincere and straightforward. Their images correspond to folk ideas about fairy-tale heroes. At the same time, they are living people who are endowed with certain character traits).

V. Homework.

1. Prepare a story about fantastic creatures acting in the story, citing the most significant fragments (Solokha, devil, Patsyuk).

2.Indo task:

Prepare a message about Idol by Pogan;

Prepare a report on the opera by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov "The Night Before Christmas".

Target:· To reveal the historical basis, folklore sources and motives of the story; to form an idea of ​​the narrator's image, to determine the similarities and differences between the heroes of the story and fairy-tale characters; · To form the ability to highlight the main thing in the message of the teacher and students, work with a textbook and illustrations; as well as the skills of expressive reading, reading by roles, artistic retelling, lexical work; · To foster interest in the personality and work of N.V. Gogol. Equipment: Multimedia presentation.

DURING THE CLASSES. І. Organizing time. II. Repetition of what was learned in the previous lesson. Folklore motives, the historical basis of the story.

In the story "The Night Before Christmas" the author addresses a really familiar Ukrainian folk life and folklore. There are many folk words and expressions. - Explain the lexical meanings of words and phrases: Chaise, parish, do painting, assessor, droplets, cap, knysh. Chaise - A light road carriage, mostly without springs, sometimes with an open top.

Volost - Rural area subordinate to the city. Engage in painting - Do drawing . Assessor - A person elected to participate in the work of a government or judicial institution.

Droplets - Hat with ear flaps. Cap - headdress with a band and a visor. Knysh - a small round pie with cottage cheese baked inside or other filling: jam, or onions with cracklings.

What are the features that unite the story with a fairy tale? (It is based on the most common of the fairy-tale plots: the hero's trip to the distant kingdom for a magical object necessary in order to conquer a beauty. lovers hidden in sacks. As in a real fairy tale, good wins). III. Images of Oksana and Vakula in the story "The Night Before Christmas". 1. Images of Oksana in the story. - When do the events in the story take place? 1.1. A story about Christmas Eve. On the night of Christmas, according to popular belief, all sorts of miracles happen.

It is believed that on this night the heavens, all earthly waters, springs are endowed with magical healing powers. The wish made this night will surely come true. There is a custom to look at the sky at Christmas midnight: the heavenly heights of unthinkable beauty open to the eyes of people living a righteous life.

On the eve of Christmas in Russia, the custom of caroling was observed. Boys and girls gathered and went from house to house, singing carols and begging for food and money from the owners.

The night before the holiday is a good time for action traits. This is a time of special freedom of behavior. The holiday and the beliefs associated with it take life out of its usual rut and make the impossible possible. 1.2. Narrator in the story. - Who is the narrator from? - Compile an oral portrait of the narrator. - How does the narrator perceive what is happening? What do the details of the characteristics that he gives to the heroes of the story testify? 1.3. Expressive reading of a fragment of the story from the words "But on the back he was a real provincial solicitor in uniform ..." to the words "... to learn the sins of good people." (P. 162) 1.4. Expressive reading of a fragment from the words “Wonderfully arranged in our world!

"To the words" Mug, as Foma Grigorievich says, is an abomination an abomination, but he also builds love chickens! " (P. 164) 1.5.

An expressive reading of a fragment from the words “Perhaps these very tricks and sharpness were her fault…” to the words “… put on the cap of Kondrat's father and ran back”. (P. 174) The narrator is his own person in the world he is talking about, and he addresses the reader as “his own”. The text of the story is filled with references to mutual acquaintances, rumors, to someone's words. The narrator cannot but gossip about mutual acquaintances, distracting from the story that occupies him, plunging into details.- Name the heroes of the story. - Why are there so many heroes in the story? (This is a story about an entire country, about a “tribe,” not just a few people.)- What qualities of Oksana are shown in the episodes: "Oksana in front of the mirror"; "A Conversation with a Blacksmith"; "The arrival of girlfriends"? 1.6.

Expressive reading in roles from the words "Now let's see what the beautiful daughter is doing when left alone ..." to the words "... That's all that could have been done best then." (S. 167-169) 1.7. Pupils' artistic retelling of the episode depicted in the illustration by M.

S. Rodionova. (S. 169-172) 1.8. Expressive reading in roles from the words "Heaps of girls with sacks broke into Chub's hut, surrounded Oksana ..." to the words "The girls took the capricious beauty with them." (S. 178-179) - How does Oksana differ from the positive heroines of folk tales?

(The images of the heroines of folk tales are schematic. Oksana is a living person. Gogol does not idealize the heroine. However, there is nothing repulsive in her coquetry. She looks quite simple and sometimes comical).- Does the test, invented by Oksana for Vakula, look like a test of a hero in folk tales? 1.9. Referring to the illustration "Get the Skulls, I'll Get Married!" Artist A.P. Bubnov. (P. 185) 2.

The image of Vakula in the story. - How is the blacksmith Vakula depicted? Write down keywords that can tell you about the character of Vakula the blacksmith. - How does Vakula look like a hero of a fairy tale? (Vakula, like any positive hero of a fairy tale, is described extremely sparingly, his image is somewhat schematic. He is a skilled blacksmith and a talented artist. The hero is very strong, pious, pious. be in love).- The fact that Vakula is an artist is very important for Gogol.

Gogol considered art, capable of resurrecting the soul of Russia, to be the most powerful means for combating evil. But this belief was subject to constant doubts, and in his work the artist defeats the devil twice - in "The Night Before Christmas" and in the second part of the story "Portrait". - What do we learn about Vakula the artist? - Expressive reading from the words "In his leisure time, the blacksmith was engaged in painting ..." to the words "... and since then the devil has sworn to take revenge on the blacksmith." (S. 163-164) - Expressive reading of a fragment from the words “Having already climbed the stairs, the Cossacks passed the first hall” to the words “This is all, I think, the German blacksmiths did for the most expensive prices”.

(S.202-203) - Expressive reading of a fragment from the words "Whose is this painted hut?" to the words "And the child, holding back the tears, looked askance at the picture and pressed against the breast of his mother." (P. 212) (Vakula paints fences, paints bowls, huts and chests, but at the same time he can draw a picture and appreciate the European painting of that time when he sees it in a palace in St. Petersburg. Vakula is an artist, he shames the devil not only with a cross, but also art, painting it in a shameful way.) - The story contains several expressive descriptions of Vakula's art. Are details and halftones present in Vakula's paintings? What does this indicate?

(In Vakula's paintings, there are no halftones and no bright details. Color contrasts are sharp and bold. This speaks of the straightforward disposition, the sincerity of the artist.)- How is the winter night depicted in the story? Expressive reading of episodes.

This work reflects necessary requirements FSES. In development there is a group project activities students at the lesson of literature. The lesson introduces students to the peculiarities of the celebration of Christmas, presents the story of the birth of Jesus Christ. Also, students get the opportunity to get acquainted with the peculiarities of life of Ukrainians in the 19th century and some Ukrainian words. The lesson is practically taught by the children, and the teacher only guides the children.

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Literature lesson for grade 5 on the topic: "Folklore motives of the fairy tale by N. V. Gogol" The Night before Christmas ".

(project activities of students)

The purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the folklore motives of the story of N. V. Gogol "The Night before Christmas".

Lesson Objectives:

• To acquaint students with the peculiarities of the celebration of the Nativity of Christ, to present the story of the birth of Jesus Christ;
• Provide students with information about popular beliefs;
• To acquaint students with the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language;
• Development of students' skills in theatrical play and expressive reading, vocal performance of folklore genres;
• Formation of students' skills in analyzing the episode, identifying means of artistic expression, skills in defining the problem, the position of the author in the text;
• Developing students' skills in group work;
• Formation of communicative competencies of students through the entry of students into a dialogue with each other, a teacher, while implementing a monologue statement.

Planned results:

Personal:

- the formation of ideas about creativity as the existential value of humanism; striving for harmony human soul, to the ideal;

Formation of moral ideas about good and evil;

Metasubject:

- education of a qualified reader with a formed aesthetic taste; formation of the ability to perceive, analyze and critically evaluate what has been read;

Using in the lesson literature practical skills of students, obtained in technology lessons, visual arts and music: making Christmas tree decorations, singing carols, creating drawings.

Subject:

To form the ability to distinguish the real from the fantastic, to know the main features of a fairy tale; possession of literary terms "positive hero", "hero of the story", "belief", "epithet", "personification".

Equipment: multimedia projector, m / m presentation for the lesson "The Real and the Fantastic in Nikolai Gogol's fairy tale" The Night Before Christmas ", masks, Christmas costumes, drawings, minus a children's song" Winter's tale", Tables with reflection, drawings on the theme" The Birth of Jesus Christ ", board.

1. Organizing time. Greetings.
2. Formulation of the topic of the lesson, psychological attitude.

The image "Snow-covered village" is displayed on the screen through the projector. Slide 1.

Teacher: Guys, we have today unusual lesson rather fabulous. Even the weather outside the window is conducive to a fairy tale: the earth is dressed in white fur coat, there is snow everywhere. It's time for fairy tales, secrets and unusual adventures. Now I am going to read you a poem, and you must finish its last line. This line will let you know what we are going to talk about and what the topic of our lesson is.

Teacher reads to the class a poem under the minus song "Winter's Tale":

Under a cover of soft, snowy

The Russian village is slumbering.

All roads, all paths

It drifted with white snow.

The snow is silvery in the sun

A light light streams over him

And the words sound:

“Hello, holiday!

Light, clear,

Auspicious and beautiful….

Teacher: Finish the phrase !!!

Children: Christmas holiday !!!

Teacher: Well done! What will be discussed in the lesson?

Children's answers.

Teacher: Which work talks about Christmas?

Children: In Nikolai Gogol's fairy tale "The Night Before Christmas".

Teacher: Right guys. And what fairy-tale heroes did we meet on the pages of the work?

Children: Damn, witch Solokha, pot-bellied Patsyuk.

Teacher: Right. So what is the topic of our lesson, since we have determined that we will be talking about Christmas and fairy-tale heroes?

Children formulate a topic, which is written on the board by the teacher.

1. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Teacher: New Year, Christmas ... It's a magical time. Have you ever thought about where this holiday came to us from? Let's find out about this from the performance of the Raesh theater.

The rest of the participants stand one after another, according to the numbers of the illustrations. The performance "The Birth of Jesus" is demonstrated.

Each participant has an illustration with a passage of text; participants with pictures change over the course of the story. This is the meaning of the theater-rayka.

The story of the birth of Jesus Christ.

V small town Nazareth, in “the north of Israel there lived a girl named Mary. She loved the Lord and had a pure heart. Once the Angel Gabriel, sent by the Lord, appeared to her and said: “Rejoice, Blessed One! The Lord is with You; blessed are You among wives. " Mary, seeing Him, was embarrassed. But the Angel said to her: “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found grace from the Lord; you will give birth to a Son, and you will call His name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.

Mary was not married at the time, but she was betrothed to a godly believer named Joseph. Learning that Mary was expecting a baby, Joseph wanted to let her go, but the Angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said: “Joseph, son of David! Do not be afraid to accept Mary your wife; for that which is born in her is of the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a Son, and you will call His name Jesus; for He will save His people from their sins. "

The reason why Mary and Joseph, then living in Nazareth, went to Bethlehem, was the census. According to the decree of the Emperor Augustus, every inhabitant of the Roman Empire had to come “to his city” to facilitate the conduct of the census. Since Joseph was a descendant of David, he went to Bethlehem. The road was long and difficult, they walked on foot through the mountainous terrain, and when they reached Bethlehem and began to look for a place to sleep, it turned out that all the inns were full.

There was no free space for them in the hotels. And they had to settle in a cave (nativity scene), where the shepherds drove their cattle during bad weather.

On the same night, Maria felt that it was time to give birth. It was there, in the cave, that Mary gave birth to her son, swaddled and put in a nursery. The fact of the birth of the holy baby was announced by the star of Bethlehem lit up in the sky.

After the birth of Jesus, the first of the people came to worship him the shepherds, notified of this event by the appearance of an angel. And a shining angel came down to them from heaven: “Do not be afraid, I proclaim to you a great joy that will be to all people, for now a Savior, who is Christ the Lord, has been born in the city of David, and here is a sign for you: you will find a baby lying in swaddling clothes. manger ". When the angel disappeared, the shepherds decided to go to the cave and see with their own eyes what was said - and they really saw the baby sleeping in the cattle feeder.

Teacher: An entertaining story! Guys, find magical moments in it.

Children: Appearance in the sky new star with the birth of Jesus, the appearance of the Angel.

Teacher: Do you know how Christmas is celebrated?

Student Message 1 "Celebrating Christmas."

Teacher: Find episodes in the fairy tale "The Night Before Christmas" that talk about the celebration of Christmas.

Pupils read the episodes.

Teacher: What interests you guys the most about celebrating Christmas?

Children: Christmas carols. Slide 2.

Teacher: Let's try to recover the events and do some shake-up.

Mini-project 2 “Carols. Caroling ceremony. Christmas suit". 6 persons.

Students dressed in costumes and masks (costumes and masks are made at home, especially for the lesson) go to the center of the class, sing carols.

Teacher: What did you guys feel while singing Christmas carols? (Children share their impressions).

Which of the heroes of the story was crazy about carols? (Blacksmith Vakula)

Did you like the caroling costumes? What exactly?

Student message 2 "Christmas Russian costume".

Physical education:

Teacher: Guys, it's time to rest. Repeat after me.

Pupils repeat the movements after the teacher.

As Kolyada rode on a sled on wide (we raise our legs high)

She came to us like a tall wood (raise our hands up)

Kolyada, Kolyada (turn the head to the right, left) do not break the gate (tilt to the right and left)

We open the chest, take out the patch (we spread our arms to the sides)

Presenting Kolyada, for Christmas, for Christmas !!! (we sit down).

Teacher: What kind of Christmaswithout a decorated Christmas tree? And for our Christmas tree to become beautiful, we need to show how well we know fairy tale N. V. Gogol "The Night before Christmas". You created everything at home Christmas decorations with assignments. For the toy to hit the tree, we need to guess the hero or episode of the work.

All students stand up.

Mini-project 3 "Decorate the Christmas tree".

Students read excerpts from the text to their classmates, and they must guess which hero or event in question... If the answer is correct, the toy is sent to the tree.

Teacher: What hero tried to ruin the holiday? For what reason? (Heck) Slide 3.

What happened to the devil at the end of the story? How is this event related to the celebration of Christmas?

Student message 3. About the witch and the devil.

Teacher: What problem is raised in the story? Why does the devil run away and not a word is said about the witch? (The problem of the struggle between good and evil. Good always hampers, this is the essence of magic).

1. Work with text.

Teacher: Read the episode "Description of Christmas Night." By what means of pictorial expressiveness NV Gogol presents to the reader this fabulous and at the same time solemn event. Slide 4.

Reading the episode from the words: "The last day before Christmas passed ... and to the words:" Here from one house smoke poured in clubs ... "

Epithets: " kind people, a dignified month, a clear night, skipy snow ";

Incarnations: the month rose, the stars glanced, the month peeped furtively through the windows;

Impersonal verbs and words of the category of state: frost, it was fun to carol;

Teacher:

What role does landscape play? (a hint to the fantastic events of the story).

What role does personification play in a landscape sketch? (The author uses this path to point out to the reader that nature is an independent character).

5. Vocabulary work:

Teacher: Where does the story take place? (In Ukraine). At home you determined the meaning of Ukrainian words (Ukrainianisms).

Words are written in a column on the board, students determine their meaning:

Parubok - guy

Chereviki - women's shoes

Tattoo - father

Shinok - drinking establishment

Magarych - a gift, an offering

Hugger - a bunch of hair on the back of the head of the Cossack

Kavun - watermelon

Plakhta - outerwear for women

Cradle - tube

Skrynya - chest

Towel - embroidered towel.

Teacher: What is the role of Ukrainianisms in the text?

1. Lesson conclusion:

Teacher:

What did we talk about in class?

What was the most memorable moment in the lesson?

What else would you like to know about?

7. Reflection: tables with symbols at the beginning of the lesson are placed on the tables for students

Children put a "+" sign on the desired character in the table. 3-4 students explain their decision.

8. Homework:

The story unfolds as in a nativity scene, a folk theater.

Think about what scene in the story you would call the most theatrical.

What role would you choose for yourself? Answer the question in writing.