The best monument to the victims is the absence of monuments to the executioners. Soviet monumental propaganda. Monuments to Stalin

Russia - 93
Ukraine - 10
Georgia - 35
South Ossetia - 3
Lithuania - 3
Estonia - 2
Azerbaijan - 2
Belarus - 5
Kazakhstan - 3
Tajikistan - 2
Uzbekistan - 2
Czech Republic - 5
China - 3
Netherlands - 3
USA - 2

Monuments to Stalin are also installed in Belgium, Hungary, India, Albania, Mongolia, Germany, Slovakia....

In the post-Soviet period, old and new monuments to Stalin were restored, first of all, in many cities and towns of Georgia (Kutaisi, Zestafoni, Zemo-Alvani, Sighnaghi, Dusheti, Khashuri, Tkibuli and other places), Dagestan (Chokh), North and South Ossetian (Vladikavkaz, Mozdok, Beslan, Chikola, Ardon, Mizur, Digora, Alagir, Zmeyskaya, Nogir, Kadgaron).

In addition to North Ossetia, monuments to Stalin in Russia are installed in public places in Moscow, Vladimir, Sochi, Novocherkassk, Nizhny Novgorod, Atkarsk, Mirny, Chelyabinsk (school-gymnasium No. 2), in the village of Taiginka (Kyshtym Chelyabinsk region), now the monument from Taiginka has been moved to the city of Satka, Orenburg, Tambov, Chita, Penza, on October Square in the city of Ishim, in Vyritsa (Leningrad Region), in the Tyumen Region, in the museum of the Skuratovo railway station in Tula region and other places.

Most of the modern monuments to Stalin in North Ossetia, as well as newly discovered monuments in Orenburg, Penza, p. Sadovoye and Tambov are typical busts cast from concrete according to the model of the Ossetian sculptor M.N. Dzboev.

V Central Museum Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow there is a bust of Stalin as one of the commanders of the Red Army. The issue of erecting a monument to Stalin on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow was discussed. In 2009, according to the chief architect of Moscow, Alexander Kuzmin, it was planned to return the Stalin monument to the lobby of the Kurskaya metro station in Moscow, but the former mayor of Moscow, Yu. M. Luzhkov, denied this assertion.

In Kaliningrad in 2005, on the stele of the memorial to 1200 guardsmen of the 11th Guards Army who died during the assault on Koenigsberg, the Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945" with a profile of Stalin.

In the village of Starye Burasy, Saratov Region, two monuments to Lenin and Stalin stand side by side. full height. It is not known whether these are new monuments or preserved from Soviet times.

In the village of Konevo Arkhangelsk region near the local substation, a full-length monument to Stalin has been preserved. Most likely, this is not a new monument, but an old one, preserved since the 1950s.

In the early 2000s (in 2001 and 2003) there were several attempts to install a bust of Stalin on the central square of Makhachkala, for which permission was obtained from the city administration, but subsequently it was withdrawn. In 2005, a memorial plaque with a bas-relief of Stalin was installed on one of the buildings located on the Railway Station Square in Makhachkala, in memory of the stay of I.V. Stalin at the Port-Petrovsky railway station in 1920.

In the village of Lashmanka, Cheremshansky district of Tatarstan, there is a full-length monument to Stalin (model of the 1930s).

In the village of Dolina, Ussuriysky District, Primorsky Territory, busts of Lenin and Stalin were erected in a private courtyard called the “Alley of Communism”.

On May 9, 2012, a bust of I.V. Stalin was installed in the center of the village of Novokayakent, Kayakent region of Dagestan.

Outside of Georgia, Russia, South Ossetia, monuments to Stalin have been erected or restored in some places in Belarus (in the cities of Slutsk, Svisloch), Lithuania (in the city of Druskininkai), Azerbaijan (in the villages of Alibeyli, Gakh district and Astrokhanovka, Oguz district), Ukraine, and Albania , the Netherlands (in the cities of Amsterdam, The Hague) and in many cities and towns in China (in the cities of Harbin, Shenyang, Changchun, etc.).

On May 5, 2010, in the Ukrainian Zaporozhye, the communists erected a bust of Stalin on the territory of the headquarters of the regional party committee. This caused a mixed reaction both among the citizens of Zaporozhye and in Ukraine as a whole. The bust was blown up by unknown persons on December 31, 2010. The Communists restored the monument to Stalin for the next anniversary October revolution. On November 7, 2011, the monument to Stalin was opened in its original place. Together with him, a monument to Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was erected.

In June 2012, a monument to Stalin was erected in Bratislava (Slovakia) on Sztura Square

Near Odessa open air the Museum of Monuments of the USSR was opened, in which monuments to Lenin and Stalin are located. On the eve of Victory Day over Germany, on May 8, 2013, a monument was opened - a bust of Stalin in Yakutsk, on the territory of one of the diamond mining enterprises of the republic. He is the third in a row in Yakutia. The first was opened in 2005 in the city of Mirny, and the second in 2009 in the village of Amga, Amginsky district of Yakutia. The opening of the monument provoked protests from human rights activists and the local Yakut and Lena diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church.

September 1, 2013 in a solemn atmosphere on the initiative public organization"Stalineli" was opened a monument to Stalin in Telavi (Georgia). However, on September 7, the city authorities demanded that the monument be dismantled within five days. The monument was dismantled on December 31, 2014.

In Volgograd, a new monument was erected on the territory of the Prichal Recreation Center.

February 4, 2015 in the Crimea, in Yalta, on the territory of the Livadia sanatorium, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Yalta Conference, a monument to the "Great Three" to Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt was erected.

On the "Stalin Line" in the Pskov region, a bust of Joseph Stalin was erected on the initiative and financial support of the Russian Military Historical Society.

February 22, 2016 on the territory of the branch of the GBUK PO "Military Historical Museum-Reserve" Memorial Complex"Stalin Line", on the initiative and financial support of the Russian Military Historical Society, a bust was erected to the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the USSR Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin.

"Stalin Line", was in the 20th century one of the most powerful systems of military and technical fortifications, which are on a par with the French Maginot Line, the German Siegfried Line, the Finnish Mannerheim Line.

Complex "Ostrovsky fortified area" is a fragment of the "Stalin Line" - a system of nodal defensive structures on the "old" (that is, until 1940) border of the USSR, which consisted of fortified areas (UR) from the Karelian Isthmus to the shores of the Black Sea. The complex is a fortification structure of the late 30s in the form of bunkers with field fortifications - trenches, dugouts, various anti-personnel and anti-tank obstacles and barriers, a collection of rare equipment, a memorial military burial, ”the museum website reports.

Today, they are quite careful about the installation of monuments to Stalin, for example, we have Victory Park in Saratov - an open-air museum where they do not dare to erect a monument to him, among our great commanders: Alexander Nevsky, Mikhail Kutuzov, Fyodor Ushakov, Pyotr Nakhimov, Alexander Suvorov, Peter the Great, Dmitry Donskoy, Georgy Zhukov, Konstantin Rokossovsky.

Victory Park in the Great Patriotic War, without the author of the Victory ... At least strange, because. and Zhukov, and even more so Rokossovsky, did not represent Victory without Stalin.
In my opinion, there should be one more bust in this row, both from the point of view of historical truth and from the point of view of the re-Sovietization that is taking place in our country. Supported bust The Russian Military Historical Society is a clear evidence of this. Perhaps this event was given a hidden go-ahead, to repay at its true worth. "For the Motherland, for Stalin" again is not ashamed to pronounce?

Other "voices" are also heard, Ramzan Kadyrov said:
« kadyrov_95 Seventy-two years ago, Joseph Stalin deported a Chechen and Ingush peoples. The operation was led by Lavrenty Beria. And may they both be damned forever and ever! Millions of soldiers and officers died on the fronts of the Second World War, and Stalin threw Chechen people 120 thousand people. During the operation, about 800 residents of Chechnya were shot. The loss of the people exceeded 54% of its population. Stalin and Beria also dealt with a dozen other peoples».

I would remind Ramzan that there really is a tragedy of the Chechen and other peoples, as well as the Victory over the absolute shaitans, which was given Soviet people huge blood. If we then lost the Caucasus (historians say that the threat was quite real), it is not known what the outcome of the war would have been. And did the war in the Caucasus end after the Second World War. I urge you to consider not your separate grief, which is, but also common grief Total Soviet Union. Ramzan himself knows that victory and tragedy go hand in hand in war. Defending your Fatherland, what can be sacrificed and where is the measure when everything is at stake? Everything for the front, everything for the Victory!

The figure of Stalin cannot be separated from the Victory, which we honor with the whole country, just as it is impossible to separate it from repressions. But in the end, our entire multinational country must finally agree, to be honest, that Stalin is the most complex historical figure, where milestones of history, victorious and tragic, are intertwined. They must be comprehended on the facts and give them an unambiguous assessment. And do away with curses and insane praise.

The installation of a bust of Stalin in Surgut caused a great public outcry. Some argue that the appearance of the bust is quite justified, while others believe that this is "a mockery of the repressed." Interestingly, in Lately the image of the Soviet leader is becoming more and more popular. Museums in his honor, busts and monuments were opened in many cities. Details - in the material "Aif-Yugra".

Stalin outside the law

Monument to Joseph Stalin on the Ob embankment of Surgut in early September. According to the city authorities, the bust was erected illegally, and the activists will have to demolish the monument at their own expense.

“Law enforcement agencies are already drawing up an appropriate act. The decision to install the bust was officially submitted to the public council. The installation of the bust on the municipal territory was not coordinated with the authorities. And if the law enforcement agencies recognize the installation of the bust as illegal, the activists will have to dismantle the monument at their own expense, ”she said in an interview with an Aif-Yugra correspondent. Head of the Information Policy Department of the Surgut Administration Ekaterina Shvidkaya.

Despite the controversial figure of Joseph Stalin, many people were very hurt that the bust was installed near the place where the monument to the repressed should be.

“The Ob embankment is the most successful place from where people went to the front and where the evacuated fish cannery was located, which worked for the front,” said Aif-Yugra Head of the public organization "Russian Spirit" Denis Khanzhin. - The fact that there is a sign to the victims of repression, we saw during the opening of the bust, for us it was a surprise and a coincidence. We submitted an application to the commission on toponymy of the city, but they did not answer us within the prescribed 3-month period and illegally transferred their powers to the Public Council, which was not even created. We realized that the issue could drag on for years, officials are trying to hide behind the Stalin theme, so we had to act decisively, from the opposite. Let them now prove that we put the bust without asking.

Popularity is growing

The fashion for the installation of monuments to Stalin began in 2005. It was from that moment that the face of the leader began to decorate cities throughout the country. For example, in North Ossetia there are up to 24 monuments.

So, in 2005, a bust of Stalin was erected in Beslan.

On the 126th anniversary of the leader in the city of Digor, a “Bust of the Father of Nations” also appeared on a five-meter pedestal. In 2006, a bust of Stalin was also installed in Vladimir, in May 2011, a similar sculpture adorned the village of Sadovoe Voronezh region, and to the Victory Day. Over the past five years, monuments to Stalin have appeared in the Pskov region, Yakutsk, and the Republic of Mari El. In the latter, the monument is made on a grand scale, the leader is depicted in full growth, the height of the work, together with the pedestal, is about 5 meters.

In addition, in December 2015, a whole Stalin Center museum dedicated to Joseph Vissarionovich was opened in Penza. However, not in all cities, residents agree with the installation of monuments to the Soviet leader. So, this spring in Arkhangelsk, the commission on toponymy voted against the installation of a monument to Stalin.

“I don’t think that this is a revival of Stalin’s personality cult. It was just that at one time it was very profitable to pour mud on the figure of the Generalissimo, like the figure of Lenin, for example. But now, people are more advanced, it is not a problem for anyone to know the whole story personally, - the candidate shared her opinion with Aif-Yugra historical sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of History, Philosophy and Law of the Yugra State University Natalya Kharina. - And besides, because of the process of de-Stalinization, the figure of Stalin is now mainly associated with repressions and atrocities, but we must also remember that it was under Stalin that the war was won. It is impossible to say unequivocally that the figure of Joseph Vissarionovich is negative or positive, I treat him quite neutrally. It is impossible to put a historical person of such a plan only on one side of the barricades, one must remember both negative and positive points and draw conclusions from them. After all, that's what history is for, to learn from the past."

The appearance of a bust of Stalin in Surgut was received ambiguously. So, over the past week, the monument was painted twice with red paint, and the inscription “executioner” appeared on the side. But the activists do not stop there, now they are next to the scandalous monument to Stalin, the bust of Lavrenty Beria.

“For now, we are conducting a survey public opinion. We won't be doing anything this year. We are making plans for the future, we are analyzing the mistakes of installing Stalin's bust. For us it new topic so not everything went smoothly. Our main task is to fight oblivion, rewriting and denigration of our history, our heroes,” Denis Khanzhin told Aif-Yugra.

Activists plan to collect money for a new monument in the same way as for a bust of Stalin via the Internet. So, with the help of crowdfunding for a monument to Stalin, about 240 thousand rubles.

Once the name of this man - the almighty leader of the peoples I.V. Stalin - some people evoked awe, while others - fear, despair and hatred. The most surprising thing is that even today the assessments of his life are contradictory. There is a heated debate in society about whether this deserved political figure a monument to himself, after all, Stalin is a special person in Russian history. Therefore, the question of a monument to him remains open.

Let's try to consider this problem in details.

Man-monument: Stalin in the understanding of contemporaries

This man himself, in the understanding of his contemporaries, was a real monument, made of the hardest materials. There were legends about him and cruelty to enemies. Stalin conquered people with his charm and conviction, but he was touchy and often unpredictable.

During his lifetime, monuments were already erected to Stalin, although he was not a big supporter of such glorification of his name. However, he was not opposed to such actions of his entourage, finding himself in this a certain benefit.

The first sculptures of the leader

The first monument of this kind appeared in Soviet Russia in 1929 (sculptor Kharlamov). It was created specifically for the 50th anniversary of the leader. The first monument to Stalin in Moscow inspired other artists and officials.

After the first perpetuation of the Soviet leader, a real boom of such monuments began. The monument to Lenin and Stalin could be seen in most cities and towns of the USSR.

They put such structures at stations, squares, near significant architectural objects(one of the monuments to Stalin stood near the entrance to Tretyakov Gallery on the site where the monument to Tretyakov is now). And it was far from the only monument to Stalin in Moscow. in the city since the 1930s. installed about 50 sculptures of the leader.

There were so many similar structures throughout the USSR that they testified to a special attitude towards the “father of nations”.

The most popular monuments

In a row a large number monuments, the authorities of the country were forced to choose from them the most suitable from the point of view of the official state ideology.

But which monument should have been chosen? Stalin did not give any orders (neither oral nor written) on this occasion, so his associates, at their own peril and risk, chose the monument, which was created by Ukrainian sculptors. He depicted Lenin and Stalin sitting on a bench in solving important state problems. This monument was good because it showed the continuity of power: from the leader of the revolution, Lenin, to another "junior" leader, Stalin.

This sculpture immediately began to multiply and put in the cities of the USSR.

A huge number of monuments were erected. Historians doubt the exact figures, but suggest that there were several thousand of them (along with busts and so on).

Mass destruction of monuments

After the monuments in honor of him, they continued to erect. Every year new monuments appeared. The most popular were the images of Stalin the philosopher (the leader stood in a soldier's overcoat and pressed his hand to his heart) and Stalin the generalissimo. In the Artek pioneer camp alone, an all-Union children's health resort, four monuments to the great Stalin were erected.

However, after 1956, when Khrushchev did not start the process of de-Stalinization, the monuments began to be massively dismantled. This process was swift and merciless. Even monuments were destroyed, where Stalin was depicted next to Lenin. Often this was done at night so as not to cause grumbling from the townspeople. Sometimes the sculptures were simply buried in the ground or blown up.

When the countries decided to withdraw from the coalition, they were destroyed last monuments great leader, which were still preserved in the fraternal countries of Eastern Europe.

In Russia, this process was actually not noticed. The country at that time was actively getting rid of the past ideological heritage.

However, after the 1990s Sociologists have noticed a curious fact: a kind of nostalgia for the bygone Soviet era has appeared in our country.

And it is not surprising that monuments to Stalin in Russia began to appear actively.

Today there are about 36 of them. Most of the sculptures are in North Ossetia (it is assumed that Joseph Dzhugashvili was half Georgian and half Ossetian by nationality). Often monuments are erected by members of the Communist Party. There is also a private initiative of citizens.

As a rule, the very installation of such a monument causes fierce controversy. Therefore, some citizens are actively involved in this process, while others file lawsuits demanding the dismantling of these sculptural monuments.

However, it is most likely that the number of monuments in coming years will increase in our country.

Thus, many contradictions can be seen in the question of whether the formidable "Comrade Stalin" deserved a monument from his descendants. Stalin was a strong leader who was able to save his country in the face of grave threats. But he entered the centuries as a cruel, sometimes even ruthless politician, skillfully cracking down on all those who were objectionable to him.

Apparently, only History itself can make the final verdict on this person.

Not everyone knows that there are quite a lot of monuments in the world Russian leaders and famous people erected in Europe or in the USA. Even monuments to Lenin still stand, and not just anywhere, but in the bohemian region of America. How the monuments to Russians turned out to be so far from their native penates - in our material.

The largest posthumous monument to Stalin stood over Prague for eight years, and stories about him are alive today

The decision to install the largest monument in the world (that was the task) was made back in the early fifties. The preparation was very long and serious: in the competition for best project 54 sculptors took part. The not-too-lucky Otakar Shvets won with a multi-figured group: Stalin, with a book in his hand, leads a small column of workers, peasants, intellectuals and soldiers.

For the construction of the bulk, it was necessary to cut 260 granite cubes with a side of 2 m - suitable quarry found with difficulty in Czechoslovakia. The total height of the monument is 30 meters (ten floors of the pre-war building), the figure of Stalin is 15 meters, the length of his foot is 2 meters. It was also necessary to strengthen the high hill of Letna above the Vltava so that it could withstand a heavy structure weighing 14,000 tons: concrete blocks were placed in the thickness of the mountain, forming underground halls. Until the end preparatory work the generalissimo himself did not live.

The construction was difficult, gave rise to many disputes. The leaders of the country constantly called the sculptor to give more and more new explanations. Shortly before the opening, Shvets could not stand the pressure and committed suicide. His name was not on the monument, but at the opening they announced: the author of the monument is the people of Czechoslovakia. On May 1, 1955, Khrushchev came to the celebrations, the condemnation of the personality cult was still ahead. And the people-creator gave the monument the name "queue for sausage".

In 1956, Khrushchev announced at the XX Congress of the CPSU a report on debunking the cult of Stalin, and in Prague his figure rose right up to 1962. It was possible to destroy a powerful block only from the third explosion. In 1991, a metronome, also gigantic, 24 meters high, was installed on a preserved pedestal.

TO former monument, and now the metronome is successfully driven by tourists - the place is very popular.

Lenin in Seattle – the journey of the monument from Europe to America

In the center of the American city of Seattle, a monument to Lenin came with adventures worthy of a film adaptation. A five-meter figure of the leader of the world proletariat was installed in the Slovak city of Poprad in 1988. Sculptor Emil Venkov depicted Lenin walking through the flames. But the figure did not stand for long - a year later, socialism in Czechoslovakia fell, and pretty soon they decided to dismantle the monument. It was too big for a museum and ended up in a pile of scrap metal.

This is where the teacher found him. in English US Lewis Carpenter. American bought from the city bronze monument at a reasonable price - for 13 thousand dollars, and then transported him to his homeland. Lenin's trip across the ocean cost a rather large amount - 42 thousand dollars, Carpenter had to get into debt.

And the monument came to the square a year after the death of its savior in a car accident in 1994. Now the bronze Ilyich is photographed by tourists, at Christmas he is decorated with garlands. And on cold winter days, warm with a hat and scarf. Lenin also had to be in the role of John Lennon - in makeup and with a guitar.

"Grateful Bulgaria to the Tsar-Liberator"

Alexander II in Sofia in high esteem and a monument to him is installed on the Tsar Liberator Square, in front of the building People's Assembly. The equestrian bronze figure of the emperor, 4.5 meters high, is installed on a powerful two-level pedestal made of polished granite, created by the famous Italian sculptor Arnoldo Zocchi. The total height of the monument is 12 meters. Work on the creation lasted more than two years - from April 1901 to September 1903, and the consecration took place in 1907. The inscription on the plinth reads: "Bulgaria is grateful to the Tsar Liberator." Funds for the creation consisted of a contribution from the municipality of Sofia, personal funds of the Bulgarian prince Ferdinand, numerous public donations.

During World War II, the monument was badly damaged by bombing. In 2013, it was completely renovated, the restoration cost 1.5 million leva (750 thousand euros). In many cities of the country there are squares and streets named after the Tsar Liberator. In all guidebooks, the Sofia monument tops the list of must-see sights.

The last Russian Tsar Nicholas II is especially honored in Serbia

At the Novo Groble cemetery in Belgrade there is a Russian pantheon, revered local residents and a large Russian diaspora, tourists also willingly visit it. In 1935, a monument was erected here over the crypt with the remains of Russian soldiers and officers who died during the First World War on the Thessaloniki (Macedonian) front, during the siege of Belgrade by the Austrian army, who died in hospitals from 1916 to 1918. In total, the remains of 387 people are buried in the crypt-chapel.

Above the grave, on a high pedestal in the shape of a shell, stands the figure of an angel with a sword. The inscription on the pedestal reads: Everlasting memory Emperor Nicholas II and 2,000,000 Russian soldiers great war". The author of the monument is the sculptor Roman Verkhovsky, and the funds for the creation were collected by Russian emigrants and citizens of Yugoslavia.

And in 2014, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the First World War, a bronze monument to Nicholas II 7.5 meters high and weighing more than 40 tons was erected in the center of Belgrade in the park of the Kosovo girl. The sculpture was erected at the expense of the Russian Military Historical Society with the assistance of Serbian President Tomislav Nikolic and the city authorities of Belgrade.

In the fall of 2017, the square was renamed Alexandrov Park - in memory of the members of the ensemble named after. Aleksandrov, who died in a plane crash near Sochi in 2016.

Peter I is the most respected Russian tsar in the Netherlands

In the Dutch town of Zaandam (formerly Saardam), Peter I, the carpenter king, arrived in late XVII century to learn the art of shipbuilding. In the small, or rather, tiny house of the blacksmith Kist, he lived while he comprehended science - with his head and hands. Are there many monarchs in world history who knew how to build a sea vessel with their own hands?

The wooden house made of ship planks has been preserved thanks to the stone foundation and pavilion dome placed under it. Tourists come here in droves, visited by Russian emperors Alexander I and Alexander II, Dutch kings, Napoleon Bonaparte.

In 1912, the figure of the king-carpenter, cast in bronze by the sculptor Leopold Bernshtam, was installed on the central Damplein square. The monument was presented to the city by Nicholas II and is the second casting according to the original layout. The first stood on the English Embankment in St. Petersburg from 1910 to 1919, the Bolsheviks melted down the Russian original into its smaller version, which was in summer garden. And in 1996, the Netherlands gave St. Petersburg a copy of the Zaandamsky "Peter the Carpenter".

The cast figure was transported from Paris - by train to Amsterdam, further across the water, since the bridges of the city could not withstand such a weight, and there was no crane suitable for unloading at the railway station.