Outline plan

on the topic: "Personal protective equipment".

The purpose of the lesson: Form an idea of ​​the main individual funds ah protection and study the rules of their use.

Tasks:

Educational:

To study the device, the principle of operation of filtering gas masks, respirators, OZK and the simplest protective equipment.

Study the rules for using individual means.

Developing:

To develop the skills of using personal protective equipment for the respiratory organs (gas masks, respirators), skin protection equipment (OZK), medical protective equipment (IPP-8 AI) with the simplest means of protection.

Develop the ability to determine your own size of the gas mask.

Educational:

Fostering discipline and a sense of responsibility through the study of the rules of behavior in situations where it is necessary to use individual respiratory protection.

Equipment: Textbook (Smirnov A. T. et al. Fundamentals of Life Safety Grade 10 M. 2000.), posters illustrating the device and principle of action of individual means, gas masks GP-5, OZK, IPP-8.

Lesson plan:

1. Organizing time- 1 minute.

2. Learning new material - 37 min.

3. Consolidation of the new studied material - 5 min

4. Homework - 2 min.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment. The teacher establishes silence in the classroom, notes the absent.

2. Learning new material.

“So, let's start learning new material. The topic of today's lesson is “Personal protective equipment” - the teacher draws the students' attention to the blackboard where the topic of the lesson is written in advance - what personal protective equipment do you know? - students name personal protective equipment known to them, the teacher corrects them as necessary:

Personal protective equipment is designed to protect a person from radioactive and toxic substances and bacterial agents. According to their purpose, they are divided into respiratory protection and skin protection. According to the principle of protection, personal protective equipment is divided into filtering and insulating.

The principle of filtration is that the air necessary to maintain the vital functions of the human body, when passing through protective equipment, for example, through a layer of activated carbon, is cleared of harmful impurities.

Personal protective equipment of an insulating type completely isolates the human body from the environment using materials that are impervious to air and harmful impurities in it.

According to the method of manufacture, personal protective equipment is divided into means made by industry, and the simplest or improvised means made by the population from scrap materials.

Respiratory protection

Filtering gas masks

For respiratory protection, filtering masks GP-5, GP-7, etc. can be used.

The GP-5 gas mask consists of a gas mask box and a front part (helmet-mask). In addition, a box with anti-fog films and a bag are included with the gas mask. The filter element in the gas mask box is activated carbon.

The front part of the GP-5 gas mask is a rubber helmet-mask with goggles, fairings and a valve box with inhalation and exhalation valves. The gas mask box is screwed directly onto the valve box.

Determination of the height of the helmet-mask

Helmets-masks of the civilian gas mask GP-5 are divided into five heights (0, 1, 2, 3, 4), which are applied on both sides of the helmet and are denoted by an Arabic numeral enclosed in a circle.

To determine the height of the helmet-mask, it is necessary to measure the size of the head around the perimeter through the following points: crown, cheeks, chin.

Measurement of the head is carried out with a soft measuring tape. These measurements are rounded to the nearest 0.5 cm.The ratio of head size and height of the helmet-mask is given

0- up to 63 cm -0

63.5-65.5 cm -1

66-68 cm -2

68.5-70.5 cm -3

4-more than 71 cm-4

Currently, the most advanced and widespread model of gas masks used to protect the population is the GP-7 civilian gas mask (GP-7V, GP-7VM). It provides reliable protection of the respiratory system, eyes and skin of the face from a number of poisonous and potent toxic substances, radioactive dust and bacterial agents.

The GP-7 gas mask consists of a filtering-absorbing box GP-7k, the front part of the gas mask (civilian gas mask), non-fogging films (6 pcs.), Insulation cuffs (2 pcs.) And a bag.

The front part of the GP-7V gas mask has an intercom that allows for normal speech communication and use of communication facilities. In addition, it is adapted for drinking water from a flask. The front part of the GP-7VM gas mask has two slots for attaching a filter box - on the left and on the right. It is attached to the head with elastic rubber straps: frontal, two temporal and two cheek straps.

Checking the serviceability of the gas mask The sequence of checking the serviceability of the gas mask:

remove the gas mask from the bag;

check the integrity of the helmet-mask and glasses glasses;

inspect the gas box: if there are dents, holes, rust on it, check the presence and condition of the valves for inhalation and exhalation;

After an external examination, you need to assemble a gas mask and check its tightness. To do this, put on a helmet-mask, close the opening of the box with a rubber stopper or hold it with your palm and take a deep breath. If at the same time the air does not pass under the helmet-mask, then the gas mask is operational. If malfunctions and incompleteness of the gas mask are found, it is replaced with a serviceable one.

Techniques for wearing a filter gas mask

Wearing a filtering gas mask is carried out in three positions: "marching", "ready" and "combat".

In the stowed position, a gas mask is worn in the absence of a threat of an enemy attack over the right shoulder on the left side.

The gas mask is switched to the "ready" position when there is an imminent threat of nuclear, chemical and bacteriological attack. To do this, the gas mask must be moved forward, unfastened the valve of the gas mask bag, and the gas mask must be fastened to the torso with a braid.

In order to put on a gas mask, you must:

hold your breath, close your eyes;

take off the headdress;

take out the helmet-mask from the bag;

take it with both hands by the thickened edges at the bottom so that the thumbs are on the outside, and the rest are on the inside;

bring the helmet mask to the chin and with a sharp movement of the hands up and back, pull it over the head so that there are no folds, and the glasses fall against the eyes;

exhale fully, open your eyes and resume breathing;

Wearing a gas mask, you need to monitor your breathing: breathe evenly and deeply.

The gas mask is removed by the command "Take off the gas mask!" To do this, lift the hat with one hand, grab the valve box with the other, pull the helmet-mask down slightly and remove it with a forward and upward movement, put on the hat, turn out the helmet-mask, wipe it thoroughly and put it in the bag.

The procedure for using a damaged gas mask in conditions of contaminated air

In case of a slight rupture of the helmet-mask, it is necessary to tightly pinch the torn place with your fingers or palm. If there are significant injuries on the front part (a large gap, punctures of the helmet-mask, damage to glasses or the exhalation valve), then you must hold your breath, close your eyes, take off the helmet-mask, disconnect the gas mask box from the front part, take the neck of the gas box in your mouth , pinch your nose and, without opening your eyes, continue to breathe through the box.

When a puncture or holes are found in the gas mask box, the damaged area should be covered with clay, earth, bread crumb, soap, and sealed with adhesive plaster or household adhesive tape. A damaged helmet should be replaced as soon as possible.

When working in a gas mask, moisture contained in the exhaled air may condense on the inner surfaces of the glasses. To protect glasses from fogging and freezing, non-fogging films or a special "pencil" are used (five to six lines are applied to the glasses in the form of a grid, which are then rubbed).

Children's filtering gas masks.

To protect the respiratory organs for children, the following types of gas masks are used: DP-6m, DP-6, PDF-D (preschool) and PDF-Sh (school). To protect the respiratory system from radioactive dust, in addition to filtering gas masks and isolating devices and gas masks, anti-dust respirators of various types, dust-cloth masks, cotton gauze dressings, etc. can be used. Usually they are a front part (mask or half mask) on which filter elements are mounted. In the absence of gas masks, reliable protection of the respiratory system from radioactive dust is provided by an anti-dust cloth mask and a cotton-gauze bandage, which can be made by the population itself at home.

Filter respirators.

Respirators are designed to protect against harmful gases, vapors, aerosols and dust.

Respirators are divided into:

a) anti-dust (ShB-1, "Petal", RPA-1, etc.)

b) gas mask

c) gas and dust protection ("Petal").

A distinction is made between disposable respirators, which after working out are no longer suitable, and reusable respirators with replaceable filters.

Respirators do not provide complete protection against gases, aerosols, vapors, do not protect the skin of the face and eyes.

Skin protection products

Special skin protection

Means of skin protection, along with protection from vapors and droplets of organic substances, protect exposed areas of the body, clothing, shoes and equipment from contamination with radioactive substances and biological agents. In addition, they completely trap the a-particles and significantly weaken the effect of the b-particles.

According to the principle of protective action, skin protection products are divided into isolating and filtering.

Insulating skin protection products are made from airtight materials, usually from a special elastic and frost-resistant rubberized fabric. They can be airtight and leaky. Hermetic means cover the whole body and protect from vapors and droplets of organic matter, leaking means protect only from droplets of organic matter.

Insulating skin protection includes a combined-arms protective kit and special protective clothing.

Filtering means of skin protection are made in the form of cotton uniforms and linen, impregnated with special chemicals... Impregnation with a thin layer envelops the threads of the fabric, and the gaps between the threads remain free; as a result, the air permeability of the material is mainly preserved, and the OM vapors are absorbed when the infected air passes through the tissue.

The filtering means for protecting the skin can be ordinary clothes and linen, if they are soaked, for example, with a soap-oil emulsion.

Insulating skin protection means - a combined-arms protective kit and special protective clothing - are intended mainly to protect personnel of civil defense units when working in contaminated areas.

The combined arms protective kit consists of a protective raincoat, protective stockings and protective gloves.

The protective cloak of the set has two floors, sides, sleeves, a hood, as well as straps, ribbons and fasteners, which allow the cloak to be used in different options... The fabric of the raincoat provides protection from poisonous, radioactive substances and bacterial agents, as well as from light radiation. The weight of the protective coat is about 1.6 kg.

Protective raincoats are made in five sizes: the first is for people up to 165 cm in height, the second is from 165 to 170 cm, the third is from 170 to 175 cm, the fourth is from 175 to 180 cm and the fifth is over 180 cm.

Protective gloves - rubber, with seals made of impregnated fabric (fabric impregnated with special compounds that increase its protective ability from OM vapors) are of two types: summer and winter. Summer gloves are five-fingered, winter gloves are two-fingered, have a warmed insert fastened with buttons. The weight of the protective gloves is about 350g.

Protective stockings are made of rubberized fabric. Their soles are reinforced with a tarpaulin or rubber vamp. Stockings with a canvas vamp have two or three straps for attaching to the leg and one strap for attaching to the waist belt; stockings with a rubber vamp are attached to the legs with straps, and to the waist belt - with a ribbon. The weight of the protective stockings is 0.8-1.2 kg. When operating in contaminated areas, a protective raincoat is used in the form of an overalls.

Special protective clothing includes: a lightweight protective suit, a protective overalls, a protective suit consisting of a jacket and trousers, and a protective apron.

Medicines protection

Personal protective equipment for the population includes: an individual first-aid kit, an individual anti-chemical package (IPP-8), an individual dressing package.

The first-aid kit is individual.

An individual first-aid kit is designed to provide self-help and mutual assistance in case of injuries, fractures and burns (to relieve pain) and to prevent or weaken the defeat of organophosphorus agents, bacterial agents and radioactive substances.

The drugs are nested in seven slots.

Nest 1 - syringe tube with an analgesic agent (promedol). It is used for wounds, fractures and burns as an analgesic agent. Intramuscular injection.

Nest 2 - means for the prevention of poisoning of substances (taren)

Nest 3 is antibacterial. It should be used for gastrointestinal upset,

Slot 4 - radioprotective agent At new threat irradiation.

Nest 5 is an antibacterial agent. It should be taken if the enemy uses bacterial agents.

Nest 6 is a radioprotective agent. It should be taken one tablet daily for 10 days after the fallout from contaminated milk.

Nest 7 is an antiemetic (eaperazine). It is taken one tablet at a time immediately after radiation, as well as when nausea appears after a head injury.

A good means of preventing radiation damage are various adsorbents: activated carbon, barium sulphide, etc., which, absorbing radioactive substances, prevent their spread in the human body.

Individual anti-chemical package IPP-8.

Individual anti-chemical package IPP-8 is intended for disinfection of droplet-liquid substances that have got on open areas of the body, clothes, shoes and personal protective equipment.

The package consists of a glass bottle with degassing solution and four cotton-gauze swabs. It is important to store the bag carefully so as not to damage the glass bottle of liquid. When necessary, swabs are moistened with liquid from the vial and wiped off the infected areas. First of all, exposed areas of the skin are disinfected, and then the edges of the collar and cuffs, personal protective equipment and equipment. The liquid in the bag is poisonous - it should not get into your eyes. The degassing liquid is also capable of killing microbes, i.e. possesses disinfectant properties. The package can be used for infection with bacterial agents. However, the purpose of the individual anti-chemical package is to carry out partial sanitization in case of contamination with toxic substances.

In the absence of IPP-8, droplet-liquid agents are rendered harmless by a solution prepared from one liter of a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and 30 g of sodium hydroxide. Caustic soda can be replaced with silicate glue (150 g of glue per 1 liter of 3% hydrogen peroxide). The method of application of the solution is the same as for liquid from IPP-8. When handling dry caustic soda, care must be taken so that it does not get into the eyes or on the skin.

Available personal protective equipment

The available means of skin protection include regular clothing and footwear. Ordinary capes and raincoats made of PVC or rubberized fabric, coats of drape, rough cloth or leather provide good protection from radioactive dust and bacterial agents; they can also protect against droplets of organic substances for 5-10 minutes, wadded clothing protects much longer.

To protect the feet, industrial and household boots, rubber boots, galoshes, felt boots with galoshes, leather and leatherette shoes are used.

You can use rubber or leather gloves and tarpaulin gloves to protect your hands. When using ordinary clothing as a means of protection, for greater sealing, it is necessary to fasten it with all buttons, tie the cuffs of sleeves and trousers with a braid, raise the collar and tie it with a scarf.

For more reliable protection of the skin, it is recommended to use a simplified protective filter set, which, with special impregnation, can provide protection from OM vapors. The kit can consist of ski, work or school, normal male suit or a standard quilted jacket (jackets and trousers), gloves (rubber, leather or impregnated woolen, cotton), rubber boots for industrial and household use or rubber boots with impregnated stockings, felt boots with galoshes, shoes made of leather and imitation leather.

Clothes taken for impregnation must completely (hermetically) cover the human body. The most accessible means for impregnating clothes at home are solutions based on synthetic detergents used for washing clothes, or a soap-oil emulsion.

To obtain 2.5 liters of the solution necessary for impregnating one set, take 0.5 liters of detergent and 2 liters of water heated to 40-50 ° C, then mix thoroughly until a homogeneous solution is obtained.

To prepare 2.5 liters of soap-oil emulsion, take 250-300 g of crushed household soap shavings and dissolve in 2 liters of hot water. When the soap is completely dissolved, add 0.5 liters of mineral (crankcase, transformer oil) or vegetable (sunflower, cottonseed) oil, stir for five to seven minutes and again, stirring, heat to a temperature of 60-70 ° C until it turns out homogeneous soap-oil emulsion. After impregnation of all parts of the kit, they are wrung out and dried in the open air. Do not iron soaked clothing with a hot iron.

Clothes impregnated with these solutions are odorless, non-irritating to the skin and easy to clean. The impregnation does not destroy the clothing and facilitates its degassing and decontamination.

The simplest means of skin protection are worn immediately before the threat of injury from radioactive, toxic substances or bacterial agents.

In the simplest means of skin protection, you can cross the infected area of ​​the terrain or go beyond the focus of infection.

After leaving the contaminated area, you should quickly take off your clothes, taking precautions, and as soon as possible, but no later than an hour later, decontaminate it. Decontaminated and thoroughly washed clothing can be reused as protection by treating with an impregnating agent to protect against toxic substances

The simplest respiratory protection.

In the absence of gas masks, reliable protection of the respiratory system from radioactive dust is provided by an anti-dust cloth mask and a cotton-gauze bandage, which can be made by the population itself at home.

Anti-dust fabric mask PTM-1 consists of a body and attachment. The body is made from four to five layers of fabric. For the top layer, coarse calico, staple fabric, knitwear are suitable, for the inner layers - flannel, cotton or woolen fabric.

The mask is removed on command or independently, as soon as the danger of immediate injury has passed. The removed contaminated mask must be turned inside out and placed in a bag or bag. At the first opportunity, the mask should be decontaminated (cleaned or shaken out of radioactive dust), then washed in hot water with soap and rinsed thoroughly several times, changing the water. The dried mask can be reused.

Cotton-gauze dressings are usually disposable. After removing the contaminated bandage, it is destroyed (burned or buried). When using the simplest respiratory protection, dust goggles should be worn to protect the eyes. You can also make glasses yourself: stick a foam rubber rim on a strip of glass or transparent film, and fasten the strings along the edges.

4. Consolidation of new learned material.

“We have studied the basic individual means, now let's consolidate the basic concepts learned ”- the teacher conducts a frontal conversation on the main issues studied:

What is respiratory protection, what does it refer to?

What are skin protection products, what does it refer to?

Medical remedies?

The simplest remedies?

GOU VPO Saratov State medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky

Department of mobilization training

health care and disaster medicine

Head Chair of Candidate of Medical Sciences S.A. Sidelnikov

Lecturer assistant of the department

Danilov V.S.

DISCIPLINE SUPERVISION

"Military and extreme medicine"

OPTION # 3

PERSONAL SKIN PROTECTION

Performed by a 5th year student of ISO

Volkova Valentina Nikolaevna

Group No. 6

Saratov 2010.

SUMMARY

1. Introduction.

2.

3. Means of skin protection and their purpose. Work mode in protective clothing.

4.

5. Conclusion.

Introduction.

As a result of his activities, a person uses chemicals that, by their properties, have a harmful effect on the body. Despite the constant improvement of technology, the potential danger of situations associated with the release of highly active toxic substances, leaks, etc. increases.

To protect the population from exposure to highly active toxic substances, as well as to localize the consequences, timely and correct use of personal protective equipment is required. And to detect danger, it is necessary to use means of radiation and chemical reconnaissance.

Classification of personal protective equipment.

Personal protective equipment is subdivided by protected areas:

Respiratory Personal Protective Equipment (RPE);

Personal Eye Protection Equipment (PPE);

Personal Skin Protection Equipment (PPE).

Respiratory protection devices include gas masks, respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus, a set additional cartridge, hopcalite cartridge.

SIZH includes protective glasses from a light pulse of a nuclear explosion.

SIZK include protective clothing.

By appointment personal protective equipment is divided into general and special. Combined arms personal protective equipment is intended for use by personnel of all or several types of armed forces and combat arms. Special personal protective equipment is intended for use by military personnel of certain specialties or for performing special work.

By the principle of protective action RPE and SIZK are subdivided into filtering and isolating ones.

Filtering SIZK are clothes made of material that is impregnated with a special technical compound to neutralize or adsorb SDYAV vapors.);

Means of skin protection and their purpose.

Designed to protect people from the effects of potent poisonous, toxic, radioactive substances and bacterial agents. All of them are divided into special and improvised. In turn, special ones are subdivided into insulating (airtight) and filtering (breathable).

Insulating type overalls are made of materials that do not allow a drop or a vapor of toxic substances to pass through, provide the necessary tightness and, thanks to this, protect a person.

Filter media are made from cotton fabric impregnated with special chemicals. A thin layer of impregnation envelops the threads of the fabric, and the space between them remains free. As a result, the air permeability of the material is mainly preserved, and the vapors of poisonous and toxic substances are retained when passing through the tissue. In some cases, neutralization occurs, and in others, sorption (absorption).

Structurally, these protective equipment, as a rule, are made in the form of jackets with hoods, semi-overalls and overalls. When put on, they provide significant overlapping areas of the articulation points of various elements.

To protect against SDYAV in the accident zone, mainly insulating-type protection means are used.

In non-military formations of the civil defense at the objects of the national economy, in units and formations of the civil defense, in the chemical troops and other special. For a long time, units of the Armed Forces have been equipped with such insulating skin protection equipment as a combined-arms protective kit, a light protective suit L-1, protective overalls

According to the principle of protective action, like respiratory protection, skin protection can be insulating or filtering.

The simplest means of skin protection.

As the simplest means of protecting human skin, industrial clothing can be used first of all: jackets, trousers, overalls, robes with hoods, sewn in most cases from tarpaulin, fire-retardant or rubberized fabric, rough cloth. They are able not only to protect against skin contact with radioactive substances in accidents at nuclear power plants and other radiation hazardous facilities, but also from drops, vapors and aerosols of many SDYAV. Tarpaulin products, for example, protect against droplets of organic matter and SDYAV in winter up to 1 hour, in summer - up to 30 minutes.

Of the items of household clothing, raincoats and capes made of rubberized fabric or fabric covered with PVC film are most suitable for this purpose.

Winter things can also provide protection: coats made of coarse cloth or drape, quilted jackets, sheepskin coats, leather coats. These items can protect up to 2 hours. It all depends on the specific weather and other conditions, the concentration and state of aggregation of potent poisonous or toxic substances.

After appropriate training, other types of protection can also be provided. outerwear: tracksuits, jackets, especially leather, denim clothing, raincoats made of waterproof fabric.

To protect your feet, it is best to use rubber boots for industrial or household use, rubber boots, galoshes. Rubber products are capable of not allowing droplet liquid agents and SDYAV to pass through for up to 3 - 6 hours.

You should wear rubber or leather gloves on your hands, you can use tarpaulin mittens.

In order for ordinary clothing to better protect against vapors and aerosols of SDYAV and OM, it must be soaked in a special solution. How is it done when preparing protective filtering clothing (PFD). Only fabrics are to be impregnated. To impregnate one set of clothing and accessories to it (chest flap, hood, gloves, sock), 2.5 liters of solution is enough.

The impregnating solution can be prepared on the basis of aqueous synthetic detergents (OP-7, OP-10, "Novost", "Don", "Astra", etc.) used for washing clothes.

Insulating skin protection.

Insulating skin protection products are made of rubberized fabric and are used when people are staying for a long time in the contaminated area, when performing degassing and disinfection works in lesions and areas of infection

Designed to protect soldiers of gas rescue teams, emergency rescue teams and civil defense troops when performing work under conditions of exposure to high concentrations of gaseous SDYAV, nitric and sulfuric acids, as well as liquid ammonia.

Insulating chemical kit КИХ-4 (КИХ-5)

Appointment

Designed to protect rescuers of gas rescue teams, emergency rescue teams and civil defense troops when performing work in conditions of exposure to hazardous chemicals (chlorine, ammonia, nitric and sulfuric acids) with high concentrations.

Composition

The set includes: protective suit, rubber and cotton gloves. Protective suit of a sealed overalls with a hood, in the front part of which panoramic glass is glued. The trousers of the overalls are finished with stitched stockings made of rubberized material. Rubber boots are worn over them. The suit is put on and off through the hole on the back of the overalls, which is sealed by twisting the suit fabric. On the front side, the seams are sealed with adhesive tape.

Specifications

KIH-4 is used with one of the respiratory systems such as ASV-2, KIP-8, installed in the space under the suit.

KIH-5 is used with the IP-4MK insulating gas mask placed inside the suit. The exhaust air from under the suit flows into the atmosphere through the overpressure relief valve, which is located on the back of the hood. The kit is used by professional rescuers. It is worn over a service winter or summer clothes... At the end of the work, it is degassed by pouring water, followed by ventilation and air drying.

Specifications

Operational temperature range + (-) 400C;

Protective action time:

a) for gaseous chlorine and ammonia at a concentration of 1-2 g / m3 not more than 1 hour;

b) for liquid ammonia - no more than 2 minutes;

c) for nitric and sulfuric acids at a high concentration for about 10 minutes.

Resistance to degassing solutions - resistant;

Time of continuous execution of work of medium severity at temperatures below 250C - at least 40 minutes, above 250C - at least 20 minutes;

Multiplicity of application - at least 5 times;

Sizes - 49.53, 57th;

Weight without breathing apparatus - 5 kg.

Combined arms protective kit.

Consists of a shirt with a hood, trousers, stockings, gloves. The dimensions of the OZK are similar to those of the FIR. Weight is 5 kilograms. It is usually used in the conduct of radiation chemical and bacteriological reconnaissance, as well as for the protection of personnel in the conditions of a chemical and bacteriological attack.

Light protective suit L-1.

Appointment

A lightweight protective suit is designed to protect against radioactive dust, chemical and bacteriological effects on humans.

Composition

Suit L-1 consists of:

Pants with galoshes, jackets with a hood;

Two pairs of three-fingered gloves;

Bags for storage and transportation.

Specifications

Suit L-1 is made of rubberized fabric T-15 or UNKL-3. On the sleeves of the jacket there are cuffs that securely fit the wrist both with and without gloves. L-1 is manufactured in three heights.

The suit does not protect against liquid chlorine and ammonia.

The dimensions of the L-1 are similar to those of the FIR. The mass of the L-1 is 3 kilograms.

Protective suit "Phoenix"

Appointment

Designed for the evacuation of personnel and visitors of organizations in the event of a fire, when the air is polluted with gaseous combustion products and to protect the respiratory system from 40 different hazardous chemicals.

Composition

The hood with the mask is worn on the head, has a built-in mouthpiece for breathing, and carbon dioxide does not accumulate under the mask, which allows to increase the time of using the hood.

Specifications

The hood is very lightweight, easy to handle and small in size. The time of guaranteed protection of the hood is 15-20 minutes, with a reserve "Phoenix" this time can be increased up to 40 minutes. It can be beneficial to electricians, plumbers. They can also be equipped with emergency gangs, fire services and facility formation.

The design of "Phoenix" is such that people of any age can freely use it, regardless of gender, hair length and even with glasses (without taking them off). The hood is very easy to use, you can unpack and put it on in a matter of seconds.

Protective suit "Korund"

Appointment

Protective suit "Korund" is designed to protect against radioactive dust, chemical and bacteriological effects on humans.

Composition

The protective suit is made of rubberized fabric and consists of:

Hooded jackets;

Semi-overalls with boots;

Two pairs of gloves.

Specifications

The fabric of the Korund suit has a higher mechanical strength and protective ability than fabrics such as T-15, beech, NMF. Despite being thinner, the overall suit weight and permeability is less than the L-1.

There is a rubber seal on the hood that allows you to put on and take off the gas mask without removing the hood. Due to the reliable fit of the gas mask obturator (GP-7V, GP-7VM, PFM-1) to the hood obturator, reliable sealing of the entire suit space is achieved. The bright blue color of the suit makes the rescuer working in it more visible against the background of the terrain, which makes it easier to monitor and locate him if necessary.

The suit is available in three heights: up to 166 cm, from 166-176 cm and over 176 cm.

Anti-plague suit "Quartz"

Appointment

The set of personal protective equipment is designed to protect the respiratory organs and skin of employees of laboratories and institutions engaged in the study and treatment of especially dangerous infectious diseases, as well as medical and sanitary personnel of anti-plague services.

Composition

The kit includes:

Helmet with panoramic glass

Half mask with speaking diaphragm and valve system

Overalls made of dustproof viscose-polyester fabric

Rubber shoe covers with rubberized fabric shaft

FSU-MB filter box.

Specifications

The set can be used as protective filtering clothing and in the formations of GO (taking into account the fact that instead of the standard FSU, the GP-5 or GP-7k box will be used). It is easy to use, reliable in operation, provides a high degree of protection of the respiratory system and skin, which is confirmed by the practice of use in infectious diseases clinics. The suit retains its protective properties after repeated disinfection (decontamination, disinfection).

Respiratory protection degree: microbial aerosol permeability coefficient - Кпр = 1 * 10-50%.

Skin protection degree: microbial aerosol permeability coefficient - Кпр = 1 * 10-2%.

The set is available in two types - male and female, the sizes correspond to the size of the clothes.

Protective filter clothing - ZFO

Appointment

Protective filtering clothing is designed to protect human skin from exposure to light radiation from nuclear

explosion, radioactive dust and bacterial aerosols.

Composition

She is a jumpsuit made of thick fabric with a hood and elastic bands on the sleeves and pants. The ends of sleeves and legs are double - for dressing into gloves (mittens) and high shoes.

Specifications

To protect against AHOV, the overalls are impregnated with a special paste, but at the same time it provides lesser degree protection than L-1 and "Corundum". It is much more convenient to work in it due to the fact that it “breathes”, i.e. the heated excess humid air is removed from the undersuit space. Complete with a respirator R-2 (U-2K), the suit is ideal for work in conditions of radioactive contamination. In addition, it is much cheaper than other similar products. A suit is made according to the size of ordinary clothes.

Gas and smoke protection kit (GDZK)

Appointment

The gas and smoke protection kit (GDZK) is designed to protect the respiratory organs, skin of the face and eyes of a person from smoke, carbon monoxide and other toxic gases generated during a fire.

Composition

The GDZK set consists of a fire-resistant hood with a transparent viewing film. In its lower part there is an elastic stretchable cuff. The hood is hermetically connected to the half mask, in the cuff of which a filter-sorbent cartridge is fixed. The headband, adjustable in two points, ensures a snug fit of the half mask to the face.

Specifications

The gas and smoke protective suit can be used in all climatic zones of Russia. It retains its protective properties at t 60 C, as well as with a short-term (up to 2 minutes) exposure to t 100 C. The available filter-sorbing cartridge reduces the concentration within 15 minutes: mg / m

Carbon monoxide - from 12800 to 620;

Hydrogen cyanide - from 482 to 3.5;

Hydrogen chloride - from 1610 to 6.5.

After passing through the filtering and sorbing cartridge, the content of these gases in the inhaled air decreases by at least 20 times. In addition, it is able to protect against the following AHOV at their concentration, mg / m:

Ammonia - not more than 380;

Nitric oxide - not more than 410;

Sulfur dioxide - not higher than 286;

Hydrogen fluoride - not more than 890;

Hydrogen bromide - not more than 3620;

Inlet resistance at constant air flow and its flow rate - no more than 149 Pa (15mm water column). It is necessary to store the GDZK in dry rooms at temperatures from -20 to +40 C.

The guaranteed shelf life is 3 years.

Weight - 800 g.

Skin protection filtering agents.

Filtering means are made of material impregnated with special compounds that neutralize or sorb AHOV.

These include:

Filtering protective clothing FZO -MP;

Protective filtering clothing ZFO-58;

Anti-alkaline acid suits (PDA);

Combined arms protective suit (OZK), etc.

All of them are used in combination with filtering gas masks.

FZO-MP set

Appointment

Designed to protect the skin from various hazardous substances and prevents their vapors from penetrating to the skin of a person (rescuer).

Composition

The FZO-MP kit includes:

Two-layer hooded jacket and trousers;

Coarse calico linen (jacket and trousers);

Combined gloves;

Rubber boots.

The upper layer of the jacket and trousers is made of cotton-polyester fabric with acid-proof impregnation. The lower (inner, chemical protective) is made of cotton fabric with a protective impregnation, which binds the vapors of the acting hazardous chemicals.

Specifications

Kit weight - 4 kg.

Operating temperature range - + (minus) 300 С.

The permissible number of washes is 12.

The time of protective action at a concentration of toxic substances of 0.1 mg / l - 150 min.

Clothing sizes - 49.53.57.

Set of protective filtering clothing ZFO-58.

Appointment

Designed to protect the skin from vapors of various hazardous chemicals.

Composition

The FZO - 58 set includes underwear, a comforter, two pairs of footcloths.

Specifications

ZFO-58 can be used for rescue operations in the accident cordon zones. Used with a filtering gas mask. Available in three sizes:

The first one for people up to 160 cm tall;

The second is 160 - 170 cm;

The third is above 170 cm.

Protection of human skin from the effects of toxic substances in a vapor state. The kit also provides protection against radioactive dust and aerosolized bacterial agents.

Protective suit KZS (suit KZS)

Designed to increase the level of protection of the skin, from burns of SIYAV when wearing it over OKZK (OKZK-M, OKZK-D), uniforms, special clothing made of flame retardant and conventional fabrics, as well as to protect them from thermal degradation.

The KZS suit can also be used as a camouflage device. The KZS suit is a means of protection for occasional wear. GLC suits contaminated with droplet-liquid 0V, as a rule, do not degas, but are destroyed (buried in the ground).

The jacket with a hood and trousers of the KZS suit are made of mesh fabric treated with a fire-retardant formulation with a camouflage coloring. The hood of the jacket has increased dimensions and allows you to put it on in a "combat" position over hats, a steel helmet of all types of gas masks and, if necessary, cover your face. To fix the hood on the head, there is a front braid. The sleeves of the jacket allow you to completely cover the hands and protect them from direct exposure to SIYAV. Straight-cut trousers are worn over boots. To fasten the trousers on the belt and tops of the boots, the bottom and top of them are pulled together with a cord elastic. The trousers have slots for using the pockets of the trousers under them.

Protection up to a certain level of OKZK (OKZK-M, OKZK-D), uniforms and special clothing from thermal destruction is achieved by shielding them with a KZS suit from the direct impact of SIYAV. After that, the KZS suit is destroyed (charred) and is not suitable for further use.

The jacket with a hood and trousers of the KZS suit are marked on the sewn-in fabric labels: the first line is the name of the manufacturer; the second line is height; the third line is the batch number; the fourth line is the year of manufacture; the fifth line is the product grade. The labels are sewn in at the bottom of the left side of the jacket and in the waist of the trousers.

The selection of suits for the KZS is carried out according to the height of the soldier: the first height is for military personnel up to 166 cm in height; the second is from 166 to 178 cm; the third is from 179 cm and above.

Upon receipt of the KZS suit, it is necessary to check its completeness, the integrity of the material, seams and cord elastic. If a suit is found to be faulty, repair or replace it. A properly selected suit should not hinder movement.

Medical remedies.

In the complex of protective measures carried out by GO, it is of great importance to provide the population with means of special prevention and first honey. help, as well as training in the rules for using them. The use of medical personal protective equipment in combination with respiratory and skin PPE is one of the main ways to protect people in conditions of the enemy's use of weapons mass destruction, as well as in an emergency in peacetime. Considering that in a difficult situation it is necessary to provide prevention and the first honey. assistance in the shortest possible time, the use of medical devices in the form of self-help and mutual assistance is of particular importance.

Personal protective equipment is medical drugs, materials and special means intended for use in emergency situations in order to prevent damage or reduce the effect of exposure to damaging factors and prevent complications.

The role of training in the use of personal protective equipment.

The severity of physical activity when using the SIZK depends on the type of hostilities:

• rest - rest, sleep;

Light - march on moving weapons and military equipment, radio communications, the work of operators, computers, staff specialists, etc .;

· Medium - march on foot (speed 4–5 km / h), operations of rocketry calculations in combat positions, repair of weapons and military equipment, driving military equipment over rough terrain, carrying out special processing of weapons and military equipment and property;

· Moderately heavy - an attack with shooting, rolling guns manually, artillery crew actions, carrying out rescue operations;

Very heavy - march, engineering equipment of terrain and crossings, laying of cable communication lines (manually), walking in wooded and swampy terrain, etc.

The maximum operating time at elevated temperatures is the time when exceeding which 80% of servicemen can develop heatstrokes, incapacitating personnel for a long time (up to 5 days) and, in some cases, leading to death.

Motor activity in protective clothing and a gas mask is significantly hampered, mainly due to the complication of the heat transfer process, as a result of which, at a high external temperature, conditions are created for overheating of the body. Thus, muscle work in protective clothing and a gas mask under unfavorable environmental conditions may be accompanied by a violation of the processes of heat regulation and, consequently, a disorder of other body functions, which causes a sharp decrease in motor capacity.

Special studies have established that under the action of personnel in protective clothing and a gas mask at an air temperature above plus 35 ° C, a sharp decrease in endurance is observed, as a result of a severe violation of the most important functions of the body.

Without special training, even servicemen well acclimatized to the hot climate in protective clothing and a gas mask are not able to cover a distance of more than 2 km under these conditions. Further movement in protective clothing and a gas mask may cause severe fainting.

Particularly noteworthy is the fact that in the process of a march in protective clothing and a gas mask at high air temperatures, running has an extremely adverse effect on the body. Already after the first attempt to run at the beginning of the march, a sharp deterioration in the state of the organism sets in, and soon the further implementation of motor activity in these conditions becomes impossible.

Moving in protective clothing and a gas mask at moderate air temperatures is more favorable than in high air temperatures. Studies have shown that at an outside air temperature of minus 7 ° - plus 10 ° C, most of the participants in the movement in protective clothing and a gas mask finish the 5 km march in a satisfactory condition.

However, even at a moderate external temperature, movement in protective clothing and a gas mask, carried out without special training, is accompanied by significant shifts in motor ability.

Conducting a special marching training in protective clothing and a gas mask in a hot climate showed that in a relatively short time (7-9 lessons) it is possible to achieve high level endurance "to movement in protective clothing and a gas mask at a high external temperature. If at the beginning of the training period, participants in movement in protective clothing and a gas mask in a desert climate with an air temperature above + 34 C could walk only 2 km, then after 7-9 training sessions they traveled 4-5 km, with a significant improvement in many functions of the body.

Significant improvement in higher nervous activity at the end of the training period is indicative, which manifested itself in an adequate assessment of the surrounding reality, the absence of memory disorders and the presence of a greater balance of excitatory and inhibitory processes.

After a 5 km march in protective clothing and a gas mask at an air temperature of + 10 ° C and a 5-kilometer skiing in protective clothing and a gas mask at an air temperature of minus 5-7 ° C, less pronounced changes in various body functions are observed than when operating in protective clothing and a gas mask in conditions of high external temperature.

The nature of functional shifts in this case largely depends on the degree of training of the personnel to perform long-term muscular work of moderate intensity.

Based on the high requirements for the human body during actions and protective clothing and a gas mask, it should be considered necessary "" to conduct a special training before the start of training sessions in protective clothing and a gas mask in making accelerated movements at a distance of 5 to 30 km in normal uniforms and with the use of running in a gas mask. Training in accelerated movement using running in a gas mask will allow in a short time to achieve a high level of endurance for intense and prolonged physical activity.

The most important feature movement in protective clothing and a gas mask is the difficulty of running in conditions of high external temperature. Therefore, when training personnel to move in protective clothing and a gas mask at an air temperature of more than plus 30 ° C at the beginning of the training period, running should be completely excluded. The possibility of using at the same time running in more later periods training requires special study.

The main means of training for movement in protective clothing and a gas mask in conditions of high external temperatures is walking. Great importance when walking in protective clothing and a gas mask has a walking pace and duration.

The optimal cadence in the first days of training is walking at a pace of no more than 60 steps per minute.

The determination of the duration of movement in protective clothing and a gas mask at the initial stage of training should be strictly coordinated with the well-being of the trainees. At the first training sessions, the walking distance in protective clothing and a gas mask at an air temperature of plus 30 ° C should not exceed 1000 m.

When training in accelerated movements in protective clothing and a gas mask in conditions of moderate external temperature, along with walking, it is possible to use jogging, and in the first stages of training, more space should be given to walking. At the same time, the mode with frequent changes of running and walking is most easily transferred. High efficiency is observed when walking and running every 50-100 m. that is, while walking.

The increase in the load in the process of training personnel for movement in protective clothing and a gas mask should be strictly gradual.

The dosage of the load during training for actions in protective clothing and a gas mask in conditions of high external temperature is achieved by changing the cadence and distance of movement.

The pace of movement in the final period of training in a high external temperature should not exceed 100 steps per minute. The optimal cadence, according to our data, is in the range of 80-100 steps per minute.

Faster walking in protective clothing and a gas mask in conditions of high external temperature leads to significant overheating of the body and a sharp decrease in motor ability.

With a rational organization of the training process, it is possible in a relatively short time (7-9 sessions) to achieve a significant increase in endurance for movement in protective clothing and a gas mask under adverse external conditions. At the same time, in persons who have reached a high level of endurance for movement in protective clothing and a gas mask at a high external temperature, during this period, significant shifts in various functions can be found (increased atrioventricular conduction, accelerated ROE, pronounced process of leukocytolysis, etc.). This indicates that the body has not yet fully adapted to this load. Therefore, the period of special training of personnel for movement in protective clothing and a gas mask can be longer than the time of preparation for accelerated movement in ordinary uniforms.

It is advisable to carry out training sessions in protective clothing and a gas mask as part of small units (department, calculation, etc.). This makes it easier for the leader (commander) to closely monitor the condition of the trainees.

conclusions

Provision of personnel and population with PPE and practical training in the correct use and use of these means is an important milestone in a complex of protective measures. The whole complex of these measures is aimed at minimizing the probability of losses and damage in possible accidents and emergencies in peace and wartime. Not knowing the basics of civil defense does not exempt from the consequences of an accident, and knowledge of them helps to prevent it or minimize the unpleasant consequences of such. Task federal authorities executive power, executive bodies of the constituent entities Russian Federation, local self-government, civil defense and emergency management bodies to ensure the accumulation of the required amount of personal protective equipment and the timeliness of their issuance to the population in the event of emergencies.

TEST PROBLEMS

1. To prevent thermal shock when using OZK, the following is applied:

Answer - 1. Protection by time;

2. Insulating-type skin protection products include:

Answer - 1. OZK;

3. A means of protection for the skin of constant wear in war time applies:

Answer - 3.OKZK - M;

4. Protective mesh kit (KZS) - protects against:

Answer - 4. Light emission;

5. Filter-type skin protection products include:

The answer is 2. OKZK-M

Bibliography:

1.Emelyanov V.M., Kokhanov V.N., Nekrasov P.A. Protection of the population and territories in emergency situations... - M .: Academic project, 2003.

2.A. I. Yarotsky, lecture "Peculiarities of movement in protective clothing and gas mask."

3. Emergency situations: protection of the population and territory. Tutorial, S.A. Bobok, V.I. Yurtushkin. Moscow, 2000.

4. Protection of objects of the national economy from weapons of mass destruction. Reference book, / G.P. Demidenko, E.P. Kuzmenko, P.P. Orlov et al., Kiev, 1989.

5.Atamanyuk V.G. Civil defense, Moscow, 1986.

6. Manual for the operation of personal protective equipment, part 3, Moscow 1988.

7.Zyuzin V.S.Protection of personnel and population from SDYAV at a chemically hazardous facility.

8. Emergency situations and protection from them. Compiled by A. Bondarenko. Moscow, 1998.

In conditions of increased danger of the environment, the human body needs increased protection. Various kinds of chemical harmful substances, radiation or high temperatures can cause irreparable damage when in contact with human skin, and it is on its correct protection that someone's life can depend. All skin protection products are divided into two main types, based on the mode of action: isolating and filtering. Next, it will be sorted out exactly which means and in what situations it is worth using.

Isolating Skin Protectors

The use of insulating agents is appropriate in the presence of droplets or vapors of toxic substances. To prevent damage to the skin or poisoning of the body, it is necessary to limit contact with hazardous substances as much as possible. This can be done using ready-made means (military protective kits, for example, OZK), or thanks to improvised means.

Leather clothing (coats, jackets, raincoats), rubberized or polyethylene capes, leather boots, gloves can serve as short-term protection. Such clothes are able to protect the skin from chemicals in the form of vapors and drops in the absence of more advanced and special products.

Skin protection filters

The second type of protection is made by impregnating the fabric with special chemicals, thus maintaining breathability.

Fabric fibers coated with a thin layer of impregnation trap and absorb harmful substances.

In a domestic environment, it can be made by impregnating an ordinary cotton cloth with an emulsion of oil and soap.

Also, filtering protective equipment can delay and prevent contact with radioactive dust. If it is necessary to protect against radiation-contaminated particles with improvised means, it is most effective to use a drape coat or wadded clothing.

General rules for the use of protective equipment

Regardless of the type protective equipment, it must be remembered that the clothes must be tightly buttoned, the cuffs of the sleeves and trousers must be tied, the collar must be raised and the neck must be tightly closed with a scarf. The minimum number of slots will provide the highest protection efficiency, both specially made kits and made from improvised means.

Individual protection means

Introduction .. 3

Classification of personal protective equipment for respiratory and skin protection 4

1.1. Cassification of PPE. 4

1.2. Purpose, general structure and preparation for gas mask operation 5

1.3. Purpose and procedure for using the DP-1 kit. 6

1.4. Purpose, general structure and procedure for using IDA. 7

1.5. Purpose, general structure and procedure for using a respirator 8

1.6. Purpose, completeness and procedure for using insulating PPE 9

1.7. Storage and conservation of personal protective equipment .. 10

Conclusion .. 13

LIST OF USED LITERATURE ... 14

Introduction

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is designed to preserve the ability of the personnel of the internal affairs bodies to perform service-combat and combat missions in the conditions of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction and natural and man-made disasters.

Timely and skillful use of PPE provides reliable protection against poisonous substances (OM), light radiation of nuclear explosions (SNES), radioactive dust (RP), radioactive substances (RS), bacterial (biological) aerosols (BA), carbon monoxide and allows you to perform individual tasks in an oxygen-deprived environment. PPE also provides short-term protection against fire mixtures and open flames.

Classification of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs and skin

1.1. Cassification of PPE

Personal protective equipment is subdivided into personal respiratory protection (RPE), personal eye protection (SIZG), personal skin protection (SIZK).

According to the principle of protective action, RPE and SIZK are subdivided into filtering and insulating ones.

According to the purpose, PPE is divided into combined arms and special ones. Combined arms PPE are intended for use by the personnel of the internal affairs bodies and servicemen of the internal troops. Special PPE are intended for use by military personnel and employees of certain specialties or for performing special work.

The RPE includes gas masks, respirators, self-contained breathing apparatus (IDA), a set of an additional cartridge, a hopcalite cartridge.

SIZG includes safety glasses from SIEV.

SIZK includes protective clothing of the filtering and insulating type, made of filtering and insulating materials, respectively.

Depending on the principle of combat use and the frequency of use, SIZK are subdivided into means of constant and periodic wearing, means of single and repeated use.

In the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, combined arms and civilian gas masks, respirators and hopcalite cartridges, as well as insulating gas masks IP-4.

1.2. Purpose, general device and preparation for gas mask operation

The principle of the protective action of the filtering gas mask is based on isolating the respiratory system from the environment and purifying the inhaled air from toxic aerosols and vapors in a filtering-absorbing system.

Gas masks do not enrich the inhaled air with oxygen, so they can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen.

The gas mask consists of a front part and a filtering-absorbing system (FPS), which are connected to each other directly or using a connecting tube.

FPS is designed to clean the inhaled air from aerosols and vapors of RP, OM and BA. Air cleaning from aerosols is carried out by an anti-aerosol filter, and from vapors - by an absorbing layer of coal-catalyst. For gas masks of various types, the FPS can be made in the form of a filtering-absorbing box (RSh-1, PMG, PMG-2), or in the form of filtering and absorbing elements (PBF). In certain conditions, FPS can consist of FPC and an additional cartridge.

The front part is designed to protect the eyes and face from falling on them drops of RP, OM and BA, supplying purified air to the respiratory organs and discharging exhaled air into the atmosphere. The front part is a helmet-mask with fairings, a valve box and an intercom.

The gas mask set also includes a bag for carrying, protecting and storing a gas mask, non-fogging films (one or two-sided), patch insulating cuffs to protect the spectacle assembly from freezing at low temperatures, a hydrophobic knitted cover and a waterproof bag with sealing rubber rings.

Preparing a gas mask:

The completeness of protection depends on the correct selection of the size of the gas mask. A properly selected helmet-mask should fit snugly to the face and exclude the possibility of air penetration under the mask. The selection of helmet-masks is carried out by the results of measuring the vertical girth of the head, which is determined by measuring the head along a closed line passing through the crown, cheeks and chin. The measurement results are rounded to 0.5 cm. The front parts of the gas masks are divided into 5 sizes from 0 to 4.

Upon receipt, wipe the new front part with a clean cloth moistened with water, blow out the exhalation valves, rinse if possible. For disinfection purposes, wipe the used facial part with alcohol or 2% formalin solution.

Verification of the correct selection of the face part and the serviceability of the gas mask upon receipt and during use is carried out by visual inspection and a check for tightness as a whole.

The final check of the quality of the selection of the face part and the serviceability of the gas mask is carried out in a tent or room with chloropicrin vapors or an irritating aerosol. The chloropicrin concentration should be 8.5 g / m, which is created by evaporation of 5-6 ml of liquid chloropicrin in 1 m room at a temperature of 10 to 15 C.

After the selection and technical check of gas masks, the tag indicates the number of the gas mask (according to the FPK number, for the IDA number of the apparatus), the surname and initials of the employee, the growth of the front part, for the PMK and PMK-2 gas masks, IP-4M devices, indicate the tightening of the headband straps.

It is forbidden to use other people's and impersonal gas masks and IDA.

1.3. Purpose and procedure for using the DP-1 set

To protect the respiratory system from carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide), a hopcalite DP-1 cartridge is used with the RSh-4 gas mask. Its principle of operation is based on the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide.

The hopcalite cartridge does not enrich the inhaled air with oxygen, therefore it can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen. DP-1 does not protect against OV, RP, BA and smoke.

The DP-1 cartridge is a disposable device, it must be replaced with a new one, even if the protective action time has not expired.

When using the DP-1 cartridge, exclude the possibility of dripping liquid moisture entering it.

The DP-1 cartridge provides protection against carbon monoxide at a concentration of up to 0.25% in the ambient air. Warming up of the cartridge, accompanied by swelling and burning of the paint, as well as the intake of air heated to 65-70 C for inhalation and causing a sensation of burning of the shells of the respiratory system, indicates the presence of a significant amount of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. In this case, the room should be ventilated or further work in it should be performed using IDA.

1.4. Purpose, general structure and procedure for using IDA

IDA are designed to protect the respiratory system, face, eyes from any harmful impurity in the air, regardless of its concentration, when performing work in conditions of lack or absence of oxygen, as well as in the presence of harmful impurities that are not retained by filtering gas masks.

The principle of operation of IDA is based on the isolation of the respiratory system, purification of exhaled air from carbon dioxide and water and enrichment with oxygen without exchange with the environment.

IDA consists of a front part, a regenerative cartridge, a breathing bag and an overpressure valve.

The IDA set includes a bag, non-fogging films, a bag for storing the assembled apparatus and a form with a passport. Depending on the type of apparatus, its kit may include: a rigid frame for a breathing bag, patch cuffs, intercom membranes, a device for additional oxygen supply, a bib and a cover.

Working hours in IDA are determined by physical activity (for IP-4 from 180 to 30 minutes).

When using IDA, it is necessary to use non-fogging films. When using IDA and insulating PPE at high temperatures, it is recommended to pour water over the workers every 10-15 minutes.

The duration of the permissible continuous stay at the IDA with the change of regenerative cartridges is 8 hours. Re-stay at the IDA is allowed after 12 hours of rest. Periodic work at the IDA is allowed for 3-4 hours daily for two weeks, after which a break in work is required for at least a month.

1.5. Purpose, general structure and procedure for using a respirator

Respirator R-2 is designed to protect the respiratory system from radioactive and ground dust.

The respirator does not enrich the inhaled air with oxygen, therefore it can be used in an atmosphere containing at least 17% oxygen. The respirator does not protect against toxic gases and vapors.

The respirator consists of a half mask, which is attached to the head with a headgear, consisting of 2 elastic and 2 non-stretchable straps. The elastic straps have buckles for adjusting the length according to the size of the head. The respirator has a nose clip for pressing the half mask to the face.

The selection of a respirator for height is made depending on the height of the face in three sizes.

After fitting and checking the tightness of the half mask, the respirator is placed in a bag and closed with a ring. As such, the respirator is stored in a gas mask bag under the face.

1.6. Purpose, completeness and procedure for using insulating PPE

To protect the skin, filtering SIZK (OKZK, OKZK-M, OKZK-D, KZS) and insulating type are used.

The insulating type SIZK includes a combined-arms protective kit (OZK) and a protective film suit (KZP). With a special tool protection is a light protective suit L-1.

The principle of the protective action of OZK, KZP and L-1 is to isolate the skin, uniforms and footwear of employees from OV, RP, BA.

OZK together with a gas mask is designed to protect l / s from OV, BA, RP, as well as to reduce the degree of infection with radioactive substances.

OZK can be used both together with OZK and without it. The set includes: a protective raincoat, protective stockings and gloves, a cover for a raincoat and a cover for stockings and gloves.

Protective raincoats are available in 5 sizes. For carrying the raincoat in the "stowed" position, there is a cover behind the shoulders.

Protective stockings are available in 3 sizes. Gloves are made in 2 sizes and are made in winter version or in the summer version.

Combined arms protective kit is used in 2 types:

· Raincoat in sleeves, stockings, gloves;

Protective coveralls Also in different types combat situation and when performing various tasks, there are different variants using the complete set OZK.

Suit L-1 is also used both in conjunction with OKZK, and without it with a comforter OKZK.

It consists of a jacket with a hood, trousers with boots, gloves and a bag. To avoid depressurization of the suit when bending, turning, squatting, the jacket has loops at the bottom of the sleeves, throat and intermediate straps, and the trousers have straps and straps.

The selection of suits L-1 is made in sizes from the first to the third, depending on the height of the employee.

1.7. Storage and conservation of personal protective equipment

Serviceability of PPE and their preservation protective properties to a large extent depend on their correct storage and conservation.

PPE is usually stored in warehouses before being used. They are kept at a certain temperature and humidity of the air, maintained in rooms, protected from direct sunlight. Such conditions ensure the long-term preservation of the protective properties of protective equipment, their constant suitability for use. In this case, the preservation of protective equipment suitable for effective use will entirely depend on the correct storage of their owners.

The filter gas mask must be stored assembled in a bag, suspended from a strap or placed on a shelf with the bottom down. When storing the gas mask for a long time, the hole in the bottom of the FPC should be closed with a rubber stopper.

It is necessary to store the gas mask in a dry room at a distance of at least 3 m. From heating devices and appliances. Dampness can corrode the metal parts of the gas mask and reduce the absorption capacity of the FPC. Excessive drying of the charge is possible under the influence of high temperature.

A gas mask that is soaked for any reason must be wiped off and dried in the air. In cold weather, when introducing a gas mask into a warm room, it is necessary to wipe the parts after sweating. It is only necessary to put the gas mask in a well-dried bag.

Do not allow water to enter the FPC of the gas mask.

The gas mask must be protected from shocks and other mechanical influences, in order to avoid damage to the FPK, mask, breakage of the spectacle assembly, etc.

Take special care of the valves, do not remove them from the valve box without the need to remove them from the valve box, if the valves are clogged or stuck together, carefully blow them out.

In case of contamination of the helmet-mask, it is necessary to wash it with water and soap, having previously disconnected the FPC, then wipe it with a dry clean cloth and dry it. Pay particular attention to removing moisture from the valve box.

The OP box should be kept closed at all times. The junction of the body and the box lid is wrapped with electrical tape after each opening.

Do not store any foreign objects in the gas mask bag.

The respirator must be kept permanently in a polyethylene bag specially designed for its storage; the pouch should be closed with a ring. The rest of the storage rules are similar to the rules for storing a gas mask.

During storage, SIZK must be protected from drying out and dampness, so that they do not become brittle and do not rot. It is necessary to store SIZK in dry, well-ventilated rooms, not closer than 1 m from heating devices.

Joint storage of PPE with combustible and flammable materials, as well as acids, alkalis and other aggressive substances is not allowed.

Protective raincoats can be stored on hangers for a short time.

Conclusion

Thus, the skillful use of PPE is achieved by constant training of personnel.At the same time, special attention in training personnel should be paid to: the acquisition of knowledge by personnel about the purpose, structure and procedure for using PPE in various conditions. You should also know that maintaining PPE in good condition and constant readiness for use is achieved by observing the rules for saving them, timely and high-quality repair and maintenance.

Lack of the skills of using PPE and violation of the rules of storage, saving, maintenance, repair and timely refreshment have an extremely negative effect on the combat readiness of units in the conditions of the enemy's use of weapons of mass destruction and the performance of service and combat missions to eliminate technogenic and natural emergencies.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Instruction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation dated 12.03. 2001 No. 1/9374, 9375 " Guidelines on the organization of the work of the RAG, KhNP in the Department of Internal Affairs. Carrying out special processing. Instructions on the organization of dosimetric and chemical control in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation ".

2. "Textbook of a sergeant of chemical troops". Military Publishing. M-1986

3. "Manual for the operation of personal protective equipment". Military Publishing. M-1988

4. "Civil Defense". Military Publishing. M-1984