Comparison of chatsky and onegin. Cheat sheet: Onegin and Chatsky are different people of the same era

The works of A.S. Griboyedov and A.S. Pushkin is often compared to each other. They were created at about the same time, but it seems that there is nothing in common between their main characters. But it is not so. Both writers have created a literary image “ extra person". Onegin and Chatsky are distinguished by their intelligence, received a good education, but they have no place in their social environment. Love and personal happiness are not available to these characters.

Characteristic features of Alexander Chatsky

Alexander Chatsky, the hero of the comedy "Woe from Wit," does not want to serve the highest ranks, but would gladly serve society. He is distinguished by honesty and openness, the hero does not wear masks, is proud and does not want to be humiliated. In him there is no desire for power or wealth, as, for example, Skalozub. Chatsky is trying to find really worthy role models. He is unusually brave and can resist society.

He strives to comprehend the world, to search for a truly noble goal. His love for Sophia is great and pure, he is ready to sacrifice for her. He is not afraid to be honest, does not hide his thoughts and ideas, trying to open the eyes of others to the truth that he has comprehended. Flattery and meanness, slavish philosophy are alien to him. He is internally free and is not afraid to look crazy among the representatives of the "Famus" society.

He is characterized by youthful maximalism, devotion to higher ideals and values, a desire to benefit others.

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is a patriot in the highest and true sense of the word. But his love for the Motherland is effective, he seeks to transform it, to correct its inherent vices. The serf system and social injustice in general evoke a powerful internal protest in him. The ideas of the enlighteners are closer to him, he values ​​reason and justice. This leads to the fact that the young man constantly makes speeches filled with righteous anger. And yet it remains lonely and misunderstood.

It is the loneliness, the absence of like-minded people that makes the heroes of the two works related. Their lives seem meaningless, as all impulses are doomed to failure and misunderstanding.

Personal characteristics of Eugene Onegin

Per the main character the novel in verse is also lonely in high society. When he was having fun at social events, he broke the hearts of women. But the senseless pastime began to weigh on him. Succession similar friend at a friend's balls and dinners failed to make him happy.

The hero was seized by melancholy, he lost interest in life. If the protest of Alexander Chatsky is expressed loudly and openly, then in Onegin it is hidden and cold. Detachment and apathy - essential features the personality of the Pushkin character. Even Tatyana's love and the beauty of nature could not bring him back to an active life. Moreover, he kills Lensky during a duel, in fact, not wanting it. Why is he so intense in his suffering?

The reason lies in himself, the peculiarities of upbringing. He did not take into account the feelings of other people, guided only by his own needs and desires. The personality of Napoleon became fatal in the life of Onegin. At that time, it was believed that large-scale people were allowed everything. A great man is equal to God.

Eugene Onegin is used to constantly wearing a mask and being a hypocrite. His natural impulses have long been suppressed. He does not trust his feelings, is guided only by reason and is not able to trust others. He treats others quite arrogantly, in the end it brings them nothing but suffering. At the same time, Eugene Onegin suffers himself. All his ordeals, the search for himself and his place in the world do not lead to a result. All attempts to acquire remain fruitless.

Love for the changed Tatyana comes as a surprise, giving hope for an inner revival. This feeling helped him to open up, to stop hiding himself and his true "I". The girl opened before him the world of the eternal moral values by giving him a chance to change. But since the ending of the novel in verse is open, we do not know the subsequent fate of Eugene Onegin. Was he able to use this chance?

So, Alexander Chatsky and Eugene Onegin have in common confrontation with society, inner loneliness. The heroes of both works could not find a way out and turned out to be the first characters in Russian literature to embody the image of a "superfluous person".

The comedy of A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit" was written in 1824, and A. S. Pushkin created his novel in verse over the course of eight years, from 1823 to 1831. Griboyedov was older than Pushkin, the authors were familiar, highly appreciated each other's work. The works reflect the same era - on the eve of the Decembrist uprising. Both sincerely sympathized with the Decembrist movement, and maintained friendly relations with many of the members of the secret societies. The heroes of the works are the foremost representatives of the Russian nobility who critically perceive reality.

But most of"Eugene Onegin" was written after the tragic defeat at Senate Square that could not but affect emotional background works. The events depicted in both works relate to the period of the collapse of the democratic illusions of the Russian people after an unprecedented upsurge during the Patriotic War. Having won a heroic victory over the Napoleonic army, the people longed for liberation from serfdom, the advanced representatives of the nobility expected socio-economic reforms from the tsarist regime. However, no reforms followed, and stratification began among the advanced nobility: the most active, active part created secret societies with the aim of violent overthrow of the regime; the other, socially passive, expressed its protest by demonstrative refusal to cooperate with the regime at all levels.

Chatsky and Onegin are peers and come from the same social circle. True, Onegin was brought up in a metropolitan aristocratic family, and Chatsky - in the house of the Moscow master Famusov. Onegin spent eight years in the highest Petersburg society. Walks along Nevsky Prospekt, exquisite toilets, balls, theaters, "the science of tender passion" - all these attributes of idleness, characteristic of "golden youth", are inherent in Eugene. He was appreciated in society, which, however, set a rather low bar: in addition to noble origin all that was required was to speak flawlessly in French, dance decently, and “bow at ease.” Eugene perfectly mastered this simple set of virtues, and "the world decided that he was smart and very nice." Onegin carefreely enjoyed life without burdening himself with thoughts:

But, tired of the noise of the ball.

And turning the morning into midnight,

Sleeps quietly in the shade of the blissful

Having fun and luxury child.

Wakes up at noon, and again

Until the morning his life is ready,

Monotonous and variegated.

And only when he got bored, Onegin did not even realize, but rather felt the incompleteness of his existence - and "the Russian blues took possession of him little by little." An educated man, a critical thinker, he managed to overcome the stupefying effect of his environment, to look abstractedly at the quagmire of fruitless vanity. Experiencing mental discomfort, realizing the harmful psychological impact of a monotonous existence, trying to find an application for his powers, Onegin tried to put his thoughts on paper, "but hard work was sick of him." Hoping to find the meaning of life in someone else's wisdom, Onegin began to read, but the inability to learn systematically (“the poor Frenchman, so that the child would not be exhausted, taught him everything in jest”) did not allow him to collect the seeds of book revelations, and “a sharp, chilled mind” found in they are only flaws. Disappointed, embittered, Onegin painfully perceives the imperfection of the social structure, but does not understand the ways to change it. Egocentrism, isolation can only criticize, but this path, as a rule, is futile. Onegin can communicate only with those who are like themselves, since only they can calmly relate to "his caustic dispute, and the joke with bile in half, and the anger of gloomy epigrams." Neither a trip to the estate, nor trips abroad are able to dispel Yevgeny's pessimism, mental loneliness, and encourage him to fruitful work. The pinnacle of his social activity is a silent protest and a demonstrative detachment from the institutions of power.

Chatsky is a person of a completely different emotional makeup. He is inquisitive, active, lively. His keen mind is concerned with the common good, and the significance human personality he defines not by the ranks and honors achieved, not by success in secular salons, but by social activity and a progressive way of thinking. Unlike Onegin, Chatsky does not succumb to the temptations of a carefree social life, is not limited to a sincere and, apparently, at first, a mutual feeling of love. Onegin used his education to gain popularity c. secular society, in order to skillfully and naturally demonstrate the erudition hidden behind short remarks, without being forced in conversation to "touch everything lightly, with a learned air of a connoisseur, keep silence in an important dispute and excite the smiles of the ladies with the fire of unexpected epigrams." Chatsky, also educated and not lesser degree witty, never wasted his intellect for fun. His image is in accordance with the famous Pushkin call:

While we are burning with freedom

While hearts are alive for honor,

My friend, we will devote to our homeland

Souls are beautiful impulses!

Chatsky left the world and went to travel to enrich his mind, to get an idea of ​​the real life of the country. Chatsky left Sophia, despite his deep love, left friends in whom he was “especially happy”, because he is an altruist, because his spiritual world is much wider than the framework of personal happiness. “Here he thought of himself highly ...” - this remark of Sophia testifies not to the hero's overestimated self-esteem, but to the high tasks that he set for himself.

Onegin set out to travel only at the end of the novel, and Pushkin hypothetically assumed that his hero could become a Decembrist, that his critical perception of reality, supported by evidence of the imperfection of the social system, would give real results. Chatsky, who despised secular pleasures in his youth, was already an established personality, a Decembrist in his way of thinking, setting the goal of life for the democratic transformation of society. His travels only strengthened the belief in the need for social reform.

Chatsky is a true enlightener, passionately defending the rights of reason and deeply believing in the power of the word. He sharply and mercilessly denounces the higher bureaucracy, which has arrogated to itself the right to judge young democrats from the height of the social ladder who do not want to "serve" and make a career:

Where, show us, fatherland fathers,

Which ones should we take for samples?

Aren't they rich in robbery?

They found protection from the court in friends, in kinship,

Construct magnificent chambers

Where they are poured in feasts and extravagance ...

In his angry monologues, Chatsky exposes the Famus society. “Having reached the known degrees,” they determined domestic policy Russia in the “century of obedience and fear”. Chatsky's anger causes landlord arbitrariness... But the hero not only denounces high society, his criticism has a constructive basis: Chatsky claims that the world has changed (“everyone breathes more freely”), that people have appeared “who serve the cause, not persons”. The time of low flatterers and careerists has passed:

Although there are hunters everywhere,

Yes, nowadays laughter is frightening, and it keeps the shame

No wonder the sovereigns favor them sparingly.

Chatsky truly believes that the useful social activities of honest, intelligent, educated people can transform social system... Equally naive, the hero counts on the possibility of centralized democratic reforms. He is convinced that the “present century” will not repeat the mistakes of the “past century” and will be a time of enlightenment, creative work and social justice. However, all of Chatsky's passionate appeals are fruitless: the Famus society is very tough for its social privileges. The insightful monologues of the hero cause shock, and those, “whose necks were more often bent, as if not in war, but in the world, took their foreheads; knocked on the floor without regretting! ”, expel the“ madman ”.

Was Chatsky right in preaching high ideals “at the ball to Moscow grandmothers”? How could he lavish his warmth in front of such an ungrateful audience? Pushkin reproached Chatsky for the lack of genuine intelligence precisely because Griboyedov's hero did not understand the specifics of the audience. But the Decembrists really set themselves the goal of the widespread propaganda of their ideas. By the time of their speech on Senate Square, their enthusiasm had died away, and the Decembrists moved from words to deeds. To justify the idealistic ideas of Chatsky, NP Ogarev wrote: “Recalling how at that time members of a secret society and people of the same convictions spoke their thoughts out loud everywhere and in front of everyone, the matter becomes more than possible - it is historically true. Enthusiasm in all epochs and among all peoples did not like to conceal their beliefs, and we can hardly argue that Chatsky does not belong to secret society and does not stand in the ranks of enthusiasts; Chatsky feels himself an independent enemy of the order of things of his time ”.

The images of the main characters "Woe from Wit" and "Eugene Onegin" correspond to two directions in the noble movement of the 10s and 20s of the nineteenth century: active, active, revolutionary and passively protesting, lack of initiative, withdrawn from participation in social struggle. Both heroes are smart, educated, stand above their own social environment, critically perceive the surrounding reality, but their relationship with this reality is different: impact and detachment. The characters have different temperaments: Onegin is a melancholic, Chatsky is a choleric. Hence the difference in moral character: Onegin is an egoist (albeit forcedly), for him the main thing is to achieve his own spiritual comfort, however, without infringing on the rights of others; Chatsky is an altruist, for him the main thing is the happiness of all mankind.

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Eugene Onegin and Alexander Chatsky are the protagonists of various literary works A. Pushkin and A. Griboyedov, however, they have something that unites: the heroes are not fully understood and accepted by society. But along with this, the acting characters have and distinctive features... If Onegin is a frequent visitor to balls and dinners, then Chatsky rejects such a way of life, considering it meaningless. Eugene treats people arrogantly, Alexander, on the contrary, is well-disposed towards everyone, but if he sees himself as right, he defends this point of view. The table below shows the characteristics of these heroes.

Eugene Onegin and Alexander Andreevich Chatsky open the topic of the "superfluous person" in Russian literature of the 19th century. They are two completely different people. Chatsky is the hero of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", and Onegin is the hero of the novel in verses by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin". The authors showed completely different characters in their works, but both characters, Chatsky and Onegin, turned out to be "superfluous". Chatsky is an advanced man of his time, sharp and quick on the tongue, full of ambitions. Onegin - educated person, born and raised among the noble environment, "clever uselessness" that has lost its place in society. When we read these two works, we find not only some differences between these two heroes, but also similarities, which we will discuss later.

To some extent, the theme of "an extra person" is the opposite of the theme " little man". If the theme of the "little man" sees the justification of the fate of everyone, then here - on the contrary, the categorical impulse "one of us is superfluous", which can, as it relates to the hero, and come from the hero. The superfluous person most often turns out to be the one who denounces everyone. "Superfluous person" is a certain literary type, which includes a set of characters that are close in their worldview, occupation and spiritual appearance. Literary critics of the 20th century call Onegin, Pechorin, Chatsky, Oblomov, etc. “superfluous people”. To declare someone superfluous is not a Russian tradition at all. Our writers brought up on Orthodox soil could not help but feel this, which was contrary to their public positions... It can be assumed that there are no superfluous people in this world and in literature, then only the hero's awareness of himself as superfluous will remain. We can say that there is a certain stereotype of "an extra person". After all, both Onegin and Chatsky can be viewed not only as "superfluous" people, but also as individuals! This suggests that under the stereotype of a superfluous person, one can unite the most different heroes, which, however, have common problem. They can't find their place in society, so it's not a matter of social position and in inner conviction hero. The topic of the "superfluous person" was especially relevant in the times of Chatsky and Onegin, when Western innovations were already beginning to appear in Russia, but it still remained a "backward" country by state standards. In modern society, we can also often meet "Chatsk" and "Onegin". After all, a “superfluous person” is a person who has not found his way of life, a non-integral, one might even say impoverished, personality. For example, according to Goncharov: “The Chatskys are inevitable with every change of one century to another ... The Chatskys live and are not transferred in a society where the struggle between the fresh and the outlived, the sick with the healthy lasts ... Chatsky, and with him the whole comedy. " We live in an advanced society in which many may not keep pace with the growth rate of science and culture, while others, on the contrary. With such trends, people get lost, do not know who they should be, with what views to go through life and, in the end, become superfluous for society.

Purpose of the work: to compare two heroes - Chatsky and Onegin. Analyze all aspects of their life. In connection with this goal, the main tasks of the work are set: to define the term "extra person", to answer the question: "Are Chatsky and Onegin" extra people "?"

The character, fate, relationships with people of Eugene Onegin and Alexander Andreevich Chatsky determine the totality of the circumstances of modern reality, outstanding personal qualities and the range of "eternal" problems they face.

"Eugene Onegin" was written by Pushkin over the years, during which the author experienced a variety of events, and the exile to Mikhailovskoye, and the Decembrist uprising. All this provided very good ground for thought, which led to the creation of perhaps the most realistic image of a secular young man of that time, which has absorbed a huge historical, literary, social and everyday meaning. Eugene Onegin is a hero of the time, in which “that premature old age of the soul, which became the main feature of the younger generation that time". The image of Onegin is constantly evolving, his views change throughout the entire novel. Onegin languishes, suffocates in his environment and does not know what he really wants.

The disease, which is the cause

It's high time to find

Similar to English with pl and n y,

In short: Russian x and d r a

Has taken possession of him little by little;

He'll shoot himself, thank God

I didn't want to try

But he completely lost interest in life.

Pushkin emphasizes Onegin's negative attitude to environment: "Sharp, chilled mind", "jokes with bile in half"; speaks of the anger of the "gloomy epigrams", of the "caustic" dispute. All this shows that Onegin was one of those who "lived and thought." I just want to say that Onegin is the rightful owner of his own life, but, alas, this is only an illusion. In Petersburg and in the countryside, he is equally bored. He could not overcome in himself mental laziness and dependence on the opinion of society, in which fashion plays a huge role. Onegin's office is full of all sorts of fashionable gizmos through which the image of a secular young man of that time is recreated.

Anything for a plentiful whim

Scrupulous London trades

And along the Baltic waves

Carries us for the forest and bacon ...

Amber on the tubes of Constantinople,

Porcelain and bronze on the table

And, feelings of pampered joy,

Perfume in faceted crystal

Combs, steel nail files,

Straight scissors, curves

And brushes of thirty kinds

Both for nails and teeth.

No matter how deep his feelings were, he could not overcome the barrier built on public opinion. Onegin did not become an outcast in his society, like Chatsky, he could live peacefully among his entourage. At that time, in any home people like him were welcomed - wealthy, educated, moderately witty, talented young people. But, of course, as soon as Onegin did things that were not sticky to people of their circle, they began to treat him with caution and caution. Society has been evaluating Onegin all the time, evaluating each of his actions.

“Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy;

He's a freemason, he drinks one

A glass of red wine;

He does not fit ladies to the handle;

All yes, no; won't say yes

Or no, sir! " That was the general voice.

The comedy "Woe from Wit" was conceived and written during the active Decembrist movement, when young people like Chatsky brought new ideas and moods to society. Chatsky's monologues and remarks expressed the spirit of liberty and free life... Such heroes as Chatsky are called upon to bring meaning into social life, to lead to new goals. Chatsky, like Onegin, is a hero of his time, possessing characteristic features a person who has not just received a superficial education, but a smart, ardent person, a person who is not afraid to express his opinion openly.

After the war, two political camps developed in society: the camp of the progressive noble youth and the conservative feudal-serf camp. Their clash was embodied in the conflict between the “present century” and the “past century”, that is, between Chatsky (for example, critic A.A. Grigoriev wrote that “Chatsky is the only hero, that is, the only positively fighting in that environment, where fate and passion have thrown him. ”) and the entire Famus society.

In the character of Chatsky, one can notice insolence, intransigence towards indifferent or conservative people. The author inspires us with love for free person with his aspirations for happiness, for “creative, high and beautiful arts”, with his right “without demanding any places or promotion” “to put a mind hungry for knowledge into science”. Chatsky loves and respects his homeland, speaks of it with heartfelt warmth: "When you wander, you will return home, and the smoke of the Fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us." He has a high opinion of his people, "smart" and "cheerful", when Onegin is infinitely far from him. Chatsky's most important aspiration is to serve the fatherland, "the cause, not the people." Chatsky actively defends freedom of thought and opinion, recognizes that every person has own opinions and beliefs, to express them openly. That is, he has a positive attitude towards society, but he cannot stand hypocrisy, lies, and groveling, and in the noble circle he becomes "sickening and disgusting." Such a philosophy of life places this hero outside the society gathered in Famusov's house. In the eyes of these people, accustomed to living in the old way, Chatsky - dangerous man, "Carbonary", violating the harmony of their existence. Now we can notice that not only Onegin was followed by society. Chatsky was declared not only crazy, like Onegin, but crazy, condemned for disrespect to elders and ladies, for drunkenness:

He drew champagne glasses.

• - Bottles and large ones.
• - No, with forties barrels.

Onegin is ranked among the Freemasons, Chatsky is among the Carbonari, and both are free-thinkers. You can also notice another textual coincidence in the society's assessment of heroes - the word “freemason”: “What? To the freemasons in the clob? He went to pusurmans?“Now we see that society gives the same assessment to some actions of Onegin and Chatsky. Chatsky does not set himself the task of humiliating these people, he just sincerely wishes them well, wants to tell about the best, which he himself recently learned, to wean them from stupid feudal-serf habits. But Pushkin correctly remarked: “Everything that he says is very clever. But to whom does he say all this? Famusov? Moscow grandmothers? Molchalin? Skalozub? " No, such a society will never understand Chatsky's convictions, because they, Chatsky and Famus' societies, have two completely different life paths, and this cannot be changed in any way. Thus, Chatsky, against the background of the unshakable conservative majority, gives the impression of a lone hero, a brave "madman" who rushed to storm a powerful stronghold.

Chatsky, unlike Onegin, appears before us immediately as he is, he is a hero with established views, convictions, which is why it is more difficult for him to exist in this environment. Onegin grew up in it and, despite all attempts, could not get out of it, and Chatsky, having got out, returned and became superfluous in it.

The upbringing and education of Eugene Onegin was no different from the upbringing and education of everyone secular people that time.

We all learned a little

Something and somehow ...

Onegin was born into a wealthy but ruinous noble family. His childhood was spent in complete isolation from the people, from everything Russian, national, he was brought up by the French.

First Madame followed him,

Later Monsieur replaced her

The child was cut, but sweet.

Monsieur l"Abby, a wretched Frenchman

So that the child is not exhausted,

I taught him everything in jest,

I did not bother with strict morality ...

Such, typical for most of the capital's nobles, Onegin's upbringing was superficial and did not prepare him for work, real life. Onegin was impatiently waiting for the moment when he could already step into the light. Home education was more than helpful in high life. Onegin - "child of fun and luxury", lives a "monotonous and variegated" life for eight years. The life of a "free" nobleman, not burdened with service - vain, carefree, full of entertainment and love stories could have done it in one tiring long day. Young Onegin strives to fully meet the ideal of a socialite: wealth, luxury, enjoyment of life, brilliant success among women - that's what attracts him. The author notes that the only thing Onegin “was a true genius”, that “he knew more firmly than all sciences”, was “the science of tender passion”, that is, the ability to love without loving, to portray feelings, while remaining cold and calculating. He leads a life typical for golden youth: balls, restaurants, walks along Nevsky Prospekt, visits to theaters. All this made him for a secular society a person in his own way, original, witty, "little learned", "smart and very nice", but still dutifully following the secular, "dignified" crowd. B.S. Meilakh says about this period of Onegin's life: "In the first chapter, Onegin's way of life approaches the dominant ideal, the norm of society at that time." This is how Onegin spent his childhood and youth in luxury and bliss.

At first, Chatsky's upbringing and education did not differ from Onegin's, that is, from the upbringing and education of the entire capital nobility.

Our mentor, remember his cap, robe,

Index finger, all signs of learning

How our timid minds troubled,

As from an early time we used to believe

That we have no salvation without the Germans ...

Chatsky, unlike Onegin, from childhood seriously prepared for activities for the good of the fatherland. He studied with pleasure, dreamed of serving and admired the Russian people. What is most interesting, he spent his childhood in the house of his ideological opponent Pavel Afanasevich Famusov, a good friend of his father. There he met and made friends with his future love Sophia. His Moscow lordly life was, as it should be, calm and measured. Only fun games with Sophia could defuse her.

Where is the time? Where is that innocent age

When it used to be a long evening

You and I will appear, disappear here and there,

We play and make noise on chairs and tables.

Soon he left for St. Petersburg for the service he dreamed of, but was disappointed in it.

He does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in that,

But if you wanted it, it would be businesslike.

It's a pity, it's a pity, he is small with a head

And he writes and translates nicely.

Then he went to seek knowledge and adventure abroad. Staying there only broadened his horizons, and did not make him a fan of everything foreign.

Unfortunately, we can learn too little about the childhood and adolescence of this unique hero from the text of the comedy, but the general idea of ​​him is as follows: a playful, nimble, dreaming young man - this is how he seems to us in his youth.

Recall that Eugene Onegin was fed up with a secular, idle life. The blues, which Onegin experiences with such acuteness, raises him above those around him, shows the significance and depth of his experiences. Onegin, as an extraordinary person with a sharp critical mind, is looking for a place in which he can feel free. Onegin is constantly in this search, and nothing seduces him, he has only one desire, which he cannot realize in any way. Onegin does not need anything - this is his tragedy. He needs neither Tatyana's love, nor Lensky's friendship, nor the delights of an idle life. “From the very beginning,” writes I. Semenko, “Onegin was conceived by Pushkin as an expression of a significant and deep experience of a generation ... Onegin can be fully imagined as a member of the“ Green Lamp ”, which Pushkin so often recalled in the first years of exile as being close to himself elements (and the "green lamp" is a branch of the Union of Prosperity). Onegin's secular lifestyle not only does not refute this, but, on the contrary, confirms ... The fact that Onegin is alien to politics in the novel does not mean that Pushkin wanted to portray a hero devoid of political interests. Onegin's blues, like Pushkin’s blues, ... is by no means a sign of “coldness” towards politics, but a sign of “coldness” to the social system, the subject of discontent among the progressive nobility. "

Breaking with the light (“the conditions of light, overthrowing the burden”) Onegin took up self-education.

I set a shelf with a detachment of books,

I read it, I read it - but everything is useless ...

Speaking about reading Onegin, one should also remember those books that he brought to the village. Pushkin calls here first of all Byron ("The Singer of Giaur and Juan"), famous for his freedom-loving views on life. Pushkin repeatedly points out that Byron is Onegin's favorite poet; in his office: "Lord Byron's portrait." Byron George Gordon is an English poet. His work, personality and life itself - aristocracy, pride, love of freedom, partly forced, partly voluntary exile, the struggle for the rights of the English workers, for the national independence of Ireland, Italy, Greece, his death for his ideals - became the most complete and complete manifestation of the English high romanticism of the first quarter of the 19th century. In all his actions, and even in the choice of literature, one felt a struggle with himself and some attempts to get out of the routine. In the countryside, he even replaces corvee with quitrent, which seeks to make the life of the peasants easier, but meets only the disapproval of his neighbors and, again, does not find himself in this.

Yarem he is an old corvee

Replaced the rent with a light one;

And the slave blessed fate

But he sulked in his corner,

Seeing this terrible harm,

His calculating neighbor;

That he is the most dangerous eccentric.

Commentators explain this act in different ways, to the extent that Onegin, “who once read Adam Smith, his agrarian reform fulfilled the interests of the new class, the young bourgeoisie. " Traditionally, this act of Onegin is associated with Pushkin's Decembrist sympathies and, in particular, with his communication with N.I. Turgenev. I analyze stanza 5 of the second chapter, B.P. Gorodetsky notes: “Pushkin, conveying this situation, reproduced here not an isolated case showing Onegin's unsociability, but gave a deep artistic characterization the relations that were taking shape by that time between representatives of the old and the new in the Russian life of that time ”. Onegin's aspirations here remind us very much of Chatsky's aspirations. Only, if Chatsky brought all his affairs to the end, then Onegin did everything in fits and starts, not particularly delving into the importance of his affairs. Pushkin casually drops an important remark:

Alone among his domains

To just spend time

First, our Eugene conceived

Establish a new order.

These words prove that the progressive public views of Onegin have not yet been through suffering and thought out by him to the end. We see that the influence of the world and the views, norms of morality and behavior adopted in the noble circle are overcome by Onegin. But this process is complicated and could not be fast. The prejudices of the world, reinforced by the entire course of life, by the conditions of upbringing and youthful life Onegin, were strong in his soul, they could only be overcome by life trials, mental suffering for himself and for people, only by close contact with real life people, and Pushkin shows in the novel the contradictions in the thinking and behavior of Onegin, testing him with new and new life circumstances.

If at the beginning and throughout almost the entire novel, Onegin does not have clearly expressed goals and desires in life, then at the end we see a transformed, in love with Eugene. He has an insane desire - to return Tatyana's love, but now she is not free, as before, she is married, she is now a socialite. Onegin receives a refusal and again remains without a definite goal in life, again he is devastated, and does not know what to do next.

The image of Chatsky is full of goals, desires, his own advanced outlook on life. Chatsky seems to me taller and smarter than Onegin. He is full of bright ideas for transforming society, he angrily denounces the vices of "old" Moscow. His deep mind gives him faith in life, in high ideals. In the comedy, two plot conflicts are closely intertwined: a love conflict, the main participants in which are Chatsky and Sophia, and a socio-ideological conflict, in which Chatsky collides with the conservatives gathered in Famusov's house. For the hero himself, it is not the socio-ideological conflict, but the love conflict that is of paramount importance. After all, Chatsky arrived in Moscow after three years of wandering with sole purpose- to see Sophia, to find confirmation of the old love and, possibly, to get married.

A little light - already on your feet! and I am at your feet.

And meanwhile, without remembering, without a soul,

I am forty-five hours without squinting my eyes,

More than seven hundred versts swept by - wind, storm;

And he was completely confused, and fell so many times -

And here is the reward for the exploits.

It is interesting to trace how the hero's love experiences exacerbate Chatsky's ideological opposition to Famus society. At the beginning of the work, the main character, due to great love and interest in the changed seventeen-year-old Sophia, does not notice the usual vices noble society, but sees in it only the comic side.

I'm in eccentrics to another miracle

Once I laugh, then I will forget ...

But when Chatsky is convinced that Sophia has long forgotten him, that she preferred someone else to him, everything in Moscow begins to irritate him. His remarks and monologues become impudent, sarcastic, he angrily denounces what he previously laughed without malice. It was from this moment that the image of Chatsky began to unfold before our eyes; he gives monologues affecting all the most actual problems, his contemporary era: the question of what real friendship is, the problems of enlightenment and education, serfdom, national identity. These convictions of his were born of the spirit of change, that "present" century, which many sane and ideologically close people tried to bring closer to Chatsky. The most important issue in contemporary Russia for Griboyedov was the issue of serfdom, which was the basis of the economic and political structure of the state. The author's attitude to serfdom cannot be judged on the basis of the text of the comedy. Chatsky and Famusov are opposed in the comedy not on the basis of the principle “the enemy is ardent defender serfdom ". It must be admitted that Chatsky was not for the abolition of serfdom, he acted as an ardent opponent of the abuse of serfdom. Even for serfs, he recognized the right to live without eternal reproaches and punishments. After all, the Famusian entourage did not value their serfs at all, and sometimes even treated them cruelly.

That Nestor of the noble scoundrels,

A crowd surrounded by servants;

Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fight

And his honor and his life were suddenly saved more than once

He exchanged three greyhounds for them !!!

Or that one else, which is for ventures

I drove to the serf ballet in many wagons

From mothers, fathers, rejected children ?!

Himself immersed in the mind in Zephyrs and Cupids

Made all of Moscow marvel at their beauty!

But the debtors did not agree to the postponement:

Cupids and Zephyrs all

Sold out one by one !!!

All arguments about the cruelty of serfdom do not touch the representatives of the Famus society - after all, all the well-being of the nobility was built on serfdom. And how easy it is to manage, push around completely powerless and defenseless people! This is clearly seen in the house of Famusov, who sticks to Liza, scolds the servants, is free to punish them all when and how he pleases. This is evidenced by the behavior of Khlestova: she orders to feed her dog and, at the same time, the little girl in the kitchen. Chatsky, on the other hand, is outraged by such norms of life, he does not understand how one can treat people in this way, even if they are serfs. Famusov simply does not respond to the angry attacks of Chatsky. Chatsky, like Griboyedov, is convinced that the dignity of a nobleman is not to be a serf, but to be a faithful servant of the Fatherland. To Famusov's advice to serve, he reasonably replies: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve." Chatsky is a truly noble man, for him service is the goal of his whole life, but service in Russia, where people only care about their own well-being, becomes a torment. Here everyone wants only money, but the work is often done carelessly, as evidenced by the words of Famusov:

And for me, what is the matter, what is not the matter,

My custom is this:

Signed, off your shoulders.

Chatsky, on the other hand, treats each of his undertakings with great attention.

When in business - I hide from more fun,

When fooling around - fooling around ...

For representatives of the Famus society, service is a means of achieving personal well-being, and the ideal is idle life for your pleasure. As we have already said, Chatsky would be glad to serve "the cause, not the persons," but this widespread respect for rank and hypocrisy irritates Chatsky.

Uniform! one uniform! he is in their former life

Once decorated, embroidered and beautiful,

Their weakness, misery of reason ...

Where? show us, fatherland fathers,

That we must accept

for samples?

Aren't these rich in robbery?

The relationship between the national and the European was an important problem for that time. National identity is the ideal of the Decembrists. The people gathered in Famusov's house bow before everything foreign, which cannot but infuriate Chatsky - true patriot Russia.

I sent desires odal

Moderates, however, out loud,

So that the Lord exterminate this unclean spirit

Empty, slavish, blind imitation ...

Shall we rise again from the foreign rule of fashion?

So that our smart, cheerful people

Although in language we were not considered Germans.

Chatsky as a spokesman cutting edge ideas of his time, cannot agree with Famusov's views on education. He cannot look at the Moscow noblemen's disdain for science and true education.

Oh! let's move on to education.

That today, the same as since ancient times,

They bother to recruit teachers of the shelf,

More in number, cheaper?

The sad result of such an upbringing system, which Chatsky foresees, can be observed in the third act:

Oh! France! There is no better edge in the world!

Decided two princesses, sisters, repeating

The lesson that they have done from childhood.

It is because of such advanced ideas of his that Chatsky begins to feel lonely in this circle, like Onegin, only Onegin for a completely different reason, and it is because of such views that he is declared insane, and he becomes "superfluous."

The complexity and inconsistency of Onegin's character is revealed, first of all, in his relationship with Tatyana. In the image of Tatyana, Pushkin depicts the ideal of a Russian woman, “sweet”, gentle, kind, sincere. Tatiana Pushkin devotes an entire chapter of the novel, in which she falls in love with Onegin, which we immediately learn from the epigraph: "Elle itait fille, elle itait amoureuse." In translation, the epigraph means: "She was a girl, she was in love." Onegin goes to the Larins' house to see his friend's beloved Olga. It cannot be denied that Onegin immediately noticed Tatiana and understood the essence of both sisters:

"Are you in love with the smaller one?"

And what? - “I would choose another,

If I was like you, a poet! "

This is what proves his interest in Tatyana, albeit small, but nevertheless he asks Lensky not about Olga, with whom he went to get acquainted, but about Tatyana! At that moment, two people met who could give each other happiness. Met - noticed each other and could love. But Onegin himself pushes this possibility away from himself: he does not believe in love, does not believe in happiness, does not believe in anything, because he does not know how to believe. Tatiana does not know Onegin at all. She herself endows him with the features of the hero of a book novel, read to the holes. She only knew that he was not like all the men she knew in her province, which is why he was so attracted to her. She was no longer able to contain her feelings. To stop languishing in ignorance, she takes a very daring step, she writes a letter to Eugene with a declaration of love the first... Any person familiar to Tatiana would despise her for being the first to write him a letter. Anyone - but not Onegin! Inexperienced Tatyana understands people better with feeling than with her mind, she knows: Onegin is not like everyone else, the laws of light are not so important for him, he will not condemn, will not despise her, - after all, this very singularity of Onegin attracted her to him. Let's get back to young years life of Onegin.

He in his first youth

Was a victim of violent delusions

and unbridled passions.

But the years spent in the false world were not in vain. The "eternal murmur of the soul" was replaced by indifference both to people and to feelings.

He did not fall in love with beauties

And he dragged himself somehow;

Refuse - instantly consoled

They will change - I was glad to have a rest.

Sincere hobbies were replaced by the game; the hopes and dreams of youth seemed naive and unrealizable; unbelief came, and with it indifference to life. After eight years in a society in which you will never meet sincere feeling, Onegin could not have been as sincere and gentle as Tatiana. This explains his tragic misunderstanding of his own feelings.

But, having received Tanya's message,

Onegin was vividly touched:

The language of girlish dreams

In him I revolted my thoughts with a swarm;

And he remembered Tatiana cute

And a pale color, and a dull look;

And into a sweet, sinless dream

He immersed himself in his soul.

May be, senses ardor old

Them for a minute possessed;

But he didn't want to deceive

The credulity of an innocent soul.

What prevented Onegin from surrendering to feeling? Why is he pushing aside, shaking off "sweet, sinless sleep"? Yes, because he does not believe himself, because, killing eight years of his life, he himself did not notice how he killed the high in himself, and now, when this high is ready to rise again, he was frightened. I was frightened by the excitement of love, the shocks of suffering and even too great joys, I was frightened - I preferred cold peace.

Everything good, pure, light in his soul, everything not clouded by light and secular morality, woke up in Onegin.

Your sincerity is dear to me,

She brought excitement

Feelings that have long ceased

Onegin undertakes to teach Tatyana life, preaches her a gentle sermon on how to relate to feelings. Thinking that he is protecting Tatiana, Onegin himself, with his own hands, kills his future happiness, as he killed eight years of his life, his dreams, his sincere feelings. The depth and significance of Tatyana's mental appearance, the sincerity and strength of her feelings were understood and appreciated by Onegin, they gave birth to the same pure reciprocal feeling in his soul.

I love you with my brother's love

And maybe even more tender ...

He later admits:

Noticing a spark of tenderness in you,

I didn't dare to believe her:

I didn't give a go to a cute habit,

I didn't want to lose my hateful freedom ...

I thought: freedom and peace

A replacement for happiness.

Indifference to life, passivity, desire for "peace", indifference and inner emptiness then came into conflict in Onegin's soul with a young, warm and sincere feeling - and won, suppressed it.

And after many years, having met Tatiana, he could not believe his eyes.

Really that same Tatiana ...

... That girl ... or is it a dream?

He saw not that sweet girl who once aroused so much tenderness in him, but restrained, cold society lady... Onegin was attracted to Tatyana by this cold restraint, her position in the world. The ostentatious passions of his youth did not disturb the soul, did not force him to think and dream. Now it’s not right. Now he, like any lover, is busy with her continuously. But, here's the trouble, failures await him again. She is married! Now she is not ready for the sake of love to forget everything in the world, now she, just like he once, depends on public conversations.

And again Eugene is out of place, and again he is broken by life.

Chatsky, not like Onegin, he knew from the very beginning what love is. He knew all the advantages of a sincere feeling, he knew how to love. Let us remind you why Chatsky is leaving Moscow? He is disappointed in Moscow life. But then why, for what purpose, does he return to the house that he hates so much? Of course, the beautiful Sofia is the reason. Chatsky is an ardent man, but not fleeting feelings. After three years spent abroad, he does not forget Sophia, he returns to Moscow with even greater love, reinforced by separation, with a passionate desire to see his former love. In his first conversations with Famusov, he repeats only one thing, he cannot sit still, at that moment these gross imperfections of light did not exist for him, then everything seemed only absurd. "How Sophia Pavlovna has become prettier with you!" All his thoughts are only about her. Love for him is not "the science of tender passion", as for Onegin. Chatsky loves Sophia seriously, seeing her as a future wife.

And what about Sophia? She not only fell out of love with Chatsky, but also found herself another companion. Freedom-loving thoughts, caustic and caustic mockery of Chatsky at the people of her circle, especially Molchalin, now irritate Sophia: "Not a man - a snake!" - she says about him. And Chatsky feels sincere, ardent love for her. He declares his love to her at his first appearance. There is no secrecy in it, no falsehood. The strength and nature of his feelings can be judged by his words about Molchalin:

But is there that passion in him? that feeling? The ardor is that?

So that, besides you, he has a whole world

Seemed ashes and vanity?

But can you blame Sophia for her act? I think that Sophia cannot be condemned in any way for her love for Molchalin. Chatsky leaves abroad on some whim, without saying goodbye, without saying a word. Moreover, Chatsky did not write a single letter to her from abroad, there was not a single news from him, not a single hint that he would return, that he still loves her. Love for Molchalin is her bitter reaction to love for Chatsky, of which she only has a feeling of disappointment, resentment, insult. Molchalin may not be as bright as Chatsky, but you can rely on his feelings. For Chatsky, by his own admission, "the mind and heart are out of tune." The mind tells him that he must leave this, lost in the past, Famus society, and the heart cannot give up love. And because Chatsky, already hearing Sophia defending Molchalin, already seeing how Sophia worries about his fall from the horse, still wants to be convinced of the opposite of that can be seen with the naked eye. However, not only the feelings that "give hope", but also the noble mind of Chatsky cannot come to terms with this ridiculous love of Sophia for Molchalin.

After all, Sophia is in many ways similar to Chatsky himself. Sophia is much higher than her peers, so venomously portrayed by Griboyedov in the person of the six Tugoukhovsky princesses, for whom love is not important, but a rich "husband-boy", "husband is a servant." "Sophia is not clearly drawn ...", - said Pushkin. Indeed, in her behavior and moods there is a contradiction between a sober mind and sentimental feelings. In terms of strength of character, passion, ability to defend her point of view, Sophia is very similar to Alexander Andreevich. Therefore, Chatsky was outright annoyed when he found out that his rival was Molchalin. It hurt his pride. How could you choose Molchalin, who did not even have own views for life? Chatsky could not accept this. I understand Sophia very well, because Chatsky made her very painful by his departure abroad, and then he speaks so critically, even sarcastically, about her choice. Now Sophia does not want to see Chatsky, he is repulsed by all his stinging ones, to which Chatsky answers her:

I'm strange, not strange who is?

The one who looks like all fools

Molchalin, for example ...

At the ball, Sophia reaches the peak of her irritation. She is outraged by such behavior of Chatsky, and in a conversation with Mr. N, she involuntarily drops: "He is out of his mind." It is easier for her, it is more pleasant for her to explain Chatsky's causticity with the madness of love, which he himself tells her about. Her betrayal becomes a deliberate revenge when she sees that they are ready to believe her:

Ah, Chatsky! You like to play everyone as jesters,

Is it pleasing to try on yourself?

And the rumor about Chatsky's madness spreads with impetuous speed. Chatsky is just beside himself, he is outraged! And here I understand him, just as I understood Sophia. He could not restrain himself and blamed Sophia for everything, he was insanely humiliated, feelings boiled in him.

Blind man! in whom I was looking for the reward of all labors!

He was in a hurry! .. was flying! trembled! that's happiness, I thought

To whom am I so passionate and so low just now?

There was a waster of tender words!

And you! Oh my goodness! whom have you chosen?

When I think about who you prefer!

Why have I been lured with hope?

Why didn't they tell me directly

That you turned all the past into laughter ?!

That the memory even hated you

Those feelings, in both of us the movements of those hearts

Which in me did not cool any distance,

No entertainment, no changing places.

I breathed and lived with them, I was busy incessantly!

They would say that you are my sudden arrival,

My appearance, my words, deeds - everything is disgusting,

I would immediately cut off intercourse with you,

And before parting forever

Wouldn't really get there

Who is this dear person to you? ..

This monologue reflected so much love, despair, tenderness, it is so bright that we immediately understand how strong Chatsky's love for Sophia was. Chatsky in love was much less fortunate than Onegin, but Onegin himself pushed her away from himself, while Chatsky lost her gradually and not of his own free will, which made him worse and worse.

The clash of "old" and "new" in Onegin's mind is very tragically revealed in his relationship with Lensky.

Lensky, Onegin's newfound friend, is naive, does not know life, but Onegin, of course, is more interesting with him than with the rest of his neighbors, who "prudently" talk "about haymaking, about wine, / About the kennel, about his relatives ...".

Onegin and Lensky are so different, but still they became friends.

... Wave and stone,

Poems and prose, ice and fire

Not so different among themselves.

They became friends because everyone else was not at all suitable for friendship, because each was bored in his village, having no serious occupation, no real business, because the life of both, in essence, was not filled with anything.

So people (I first repent)

From nothing to do friends.

Pushkin says about Eugene: "Evgeny was more bearable than many ..." - many people of the world. But, not being able to respect the other as himself, not being able to bear responsibility for his relations with people, he could not find real friends for himself - such as Delvig, Kuchelbecker, Pushchin, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Pletnev were for Pushkin ... young men are serious:

Tribes of bygone treaties,

The fruits of science, good and evil,

And age-old prejudices,

And the fatal secrets of the grave,

Fate and life in its own course,

Everything was subject to their judgment.

These are the topics of conversation thinking people, the same problems were discussed by the Decembrists.

When Lensky challenges Onegin to a duel, Onegin does not think, does not analyze his behavior, but responds with a ready-made, obligatory formula suggested to him by the secular environment. "This is how the secular automatics of thoughts and actions, the norms of secular morality, came into effect." For which Eugene blamed himself "alone with his soul."

Had to lend myself

Not a ball of prejudice

Not an ardent boy, a fighter,

But a husband with honor and intelligence.

Pushkin selects verbs that depict Onegin's state very fully: "blamed himself," "should have," "he could have," "he should have disarmed the young heart ...". But if not for his fear of public opinion, he could still change, abandon the duel, but

“... in this case

An old duelist intervened;

He is angry, he is a gossip, he is talkative ...

Surely there must be contempt

At the cost of his funny words

But the whisper, the laughter of fools ... "

And so public opinion!

Spring of honor, our idol!

And that's what the world turns on!

The line "And here is the public opinion!" - a direct quote from Woe from Wit. The world that killed Chatsky's soul is now falling with all its weight on Onegin, but unlike Chatsky, he does not have any moral strength to resist this world - he surrenders.

And so the duel becomes murder... It is this word that Pushkin uses:

"Well? killed, ”the neighbor decided.

Killed! ..

After killing a friend in a duel ...

The murderer of a young poet ...

The murder of Lensky in a duel in the name of the norms of secular morality was recognized as a crime primarily by Onegin himself.

A painful tragedy of his conscience began. God, why does he turn out to be superfluous everywhere? Why can't he find himself? After all, he pushes everything away from himself. Here he is - the "extra man" in the flesh.

Chatsky has his own views on friendship in the comedy. In his opinion, friendship should be honest, true and strong. Onegin, on the other hand, has no views on friendship, he chooses the first person as his friends who was at least a little interesting to him. Chatsky, however, will never allow himself to pretend and be a hypocrite. Better to let him be considered insane! He has no friends in Famus society. They will never accept or understand his views here. After all, a friend is a person who will share with him not only rest and entertainment, but also his views on life. At the ball, he meets his old friend Platon Mikhailovich Gorich, with whom he once served, who was the same as he, sought to defend his fatherland, was full of desires for transformation! And when Chatsky sees what makes such a society with people extraordinary, thinking, he sincerely regrets about all his acquaintances, with whom he once made dreams and plans. He, of course, is very sorry for his friend, and Famus society becomes even more hateful for him! And Platon Mikhailovich himself understands that he has changed, his own life has become hateful, he becomes ashamed in front of Chatsky, because he succumbed to this pernicious influence of society. He realizes all the absurdity of his position in front of Chatsky: he speaks to his wife "in cold blood", "eyes to the sky", "with a sigh." It is worth noting that Chatsky constantly uses the pronoun "we", as he considers himself not alone in striving for change. His friends, perhaps, are those who represent the "present century", but Griboyedov only mentions these people, introducing extra-stage characters into the play.

With these examples, we can once again be convinced that Chatsky cannot find a place for himself in this society, and therefore becomes a "superfluous person".

Chatsky Onegin is an extra person

So, having analyzed and compared the lives and views of Onegin and Chatsky, we can define this phenomenon - "an extra person".

The "superfluous person" is a socio-psychological type that became widespread in Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century, although in many heroes of later literature its typological features can be found: as a rule, this is a nobleman who received the appropriate education and upbringing, but did not find himself places in their environment. He is lonely, disappointed, feels his intellectual and moral superiority over the surrounding society and alienation from it, he feels the gap between "immense forces" and "pity of actions." His life is fruitless, he usually fails in love. The hero is in acute conflict with society. Nobody understands him, he feels lonely. Others condemn him for arrogance (Onegin. “All Yes Yes No; won't tell yes, with il no with» . That was the general voice. " Chatsky. “Yes, it’s true, not your own troubles - fun for you, / Kill your father - all the same”).

Already from this description, it becomes clear that such a hero could be born in romantic era and is associated with the conflicts inherent in her hero.

In Eugene Onegin, Pushkin captured this very moment: describing Onegin's closeness to the author himself in his younger years, he somewhat ironically qualifies the features that later became distinctive features"Superfluous person" (disappointment, skepticism, opposition to society) as elements of a romantic mask that young people were not averse to wearing at that time.

The conditions of light overthrowing the burden,

How he, lagging behind the hustle and bustle,

I made friends with him at that time,

I liked his features

Unwitting devotion to dreams

Inimitable strangeness

And a sharp, chilled mind.

I was embittered, he is gloomy;

We both knew the passion of the game;

Weighed down the life of both of us;

In both hearts, the heat died away;

Malice awaited both of them

Blind fortune and people

In the very morning of our days.

In the image of Chatsky, as well as in the image of Onegin, there are pronounced features of the "superfluous person". He is unhappy in love, disappointed in his friends, does not understand secular society, but it does not accept it.

Who was he with! Where fate has thrown me!

Everyone is driving! everyone swears! A crowd of torturers

In the love of traitors, in the enmity of the tireless,

The indomitable storytellers

Ungainly clever, crafty simpletons,

Sinister old women, old men,

Decrepit over inventions, nonsense, -

You glorified me insane with your whole chorus.

You are right: he will come out of the fire unharmed,

Who will have time to stay with you for the day,

Breathe the air alone

And in him the reason will survive.

Get out of Moscow! here I am no longer a rider.

The topic of “an extra person” attracts with its sharpness and relevance. Now it is practically impossible to question the fact that Chatsky and Onegin are "extra people". "Superfluous person" as a literary type is very common, since people like Chatsky or Onegin are not translated in society. All this speaks of the relevance and special importance of this topic. Each generation carefully studies these works, since they do not die, help readers to think in the context of today.

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• 10. Yu.N. Chumakov. "Eugene Onegin" in the world of a poetic novel ". Moscow. Laida. 2004 r.
• 11. A. I. Ostrovsky. "Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov". Moscow. Laida. 2004 r.

He came back and hit,

Like Chatsky, from the ship to the ball.

A. Pushkin

What brings together and what separates Onegin and Chatsky? As we can see, in these lines A.S. Pushkin compares his hero with Chatsky. But why exactly with Chatsky, at first glance, completely different from him? But the fact of the matter is that at first glance ...

The son of a rich gentleman, "the heir of all his relatives", Eugene Onegin appears before us as an empty secular dandy, for whom "the science of tender passion" has replaced all true feelings. This is an egoist who thinks only about himself, about his desires and pleasures, not paying attention to the feelings, interests and sufferings of other people:

How early could he be a hypocrite

Conceal hope, be jealous

Dissuade, make believe,

To seem gloomy, to languish.

Chatsky seems to us not at all like that. Although he also comes from a noble family and was brought up in the house of Famusov - a typical representative of the "gray" society, he is smart and impeccably honest, sincere and witty. Chatsky's characterization, as a typical representative of the young generation of 1810-1820, participating in one way or another in social activities, is most vividly reflected in Sophia's words:

Oster, smart, eloquent,

I'm especially happy with friends

Here he was thinking about himself high ...

The hunt to wander attacked him.

He loves Russia, and this love engenders in him a hatred of slavery and oppression of the people. Chatsky was engaged in literary work, was at military service, had connections with ministers, but left this, because, he says: "I would be glad to serve - it is sickening to serve." He is a restless thinker, a hero of that time, one of those people whose heart “does not tolerate dumbness”, and therefore reveals everything that was intimately thought out even in front of nonentities, “fools”. Chatsky laughs at Famusov and his entourage, sharply makes fun of their life and customs.

Onegin is different, he is completely indifferent to everything: to nature, to the fate of the Russian people. He misses both in the city and in the countryside, although can we totally blame him for that? Unlikely. Evgeny's positive qualities could not be developed through the fault of a bad upbringing and living environment.At that time, it was customary to invite foreigners to teach children to rich houses. Often, however, these turned out to be rather illiterate people who were looking for easy earnings in Russia, and, accordingly, unable to give proper education.It should be said that Onegin, having received the most superficial education, nevertheless strove to replenish and expand it. He easily enters into an argument with Lensky on serious political, historical and philosophical issues, speaks as an equal with an equal. This is evidence that, like Chatsky, he is a level higher than the environment.

The essential difference between the characters is in their personal feelings, attitude to love, marriage. Chatsky seriously loves Sophia, sees her as a future wife. However, Sophia cannot love him, since with all her positive qualities, it still fully belongs to the "Famus" world, And here a strong blow awaits him. The struggle with society is burdened by the hero's personal drama. Unlike Chatsky, Onegin denies happiness in marriage, does not believe in love. Although the ability to experience deep feelings is not entirely alien to him; we learn that once upon a time he could also believe in love, but the light killed this faith. New meeting with Tatiana awakens love of unprecedented strength in Yevgeny's heart. He even falls ill and almost dies of love. And here Eugene is waiting for the final collapse of his hopes for personal happiness. Thus, the tragedy of their fates already unites our heroes.

But this is not their only similarity. This is confirmed by the changes; that happen to Onegin after the murder of Lensky. A sense of his own inferiority and uselessness grows in him. We no longer see the cold and calculating egoist as he seemed at the beginning of the novel. Eugene can no longer, as before, think only of himself, not to notice the feelings and experiences of people, to be indifferent to the sufferings of the Russian people under the yoke of the serfs. How different this Onegin is from Onegin from the first chapters of the novel! And how clearly his resemblance to the hero of the comedy Griboyedov is now.

But the main thing that unites Onegin and Chatsky is their rejection by society. Eugene, like Chatsky, is smarter and more honest than the people around them. Therefore he is hostile to his neighbors; they slander him:

“Our neighbor is ignorant; crazy;

He's a freemason; he drinks one

A glass of red wine;

He does not fit ladies to the handle;

All yes, no; will not say yes, or no, sir. "

That was the general voice.

Famusov's guests talk about Chatsky in exactly the same way: “He drew champagne with glasses. - Bottles, and large ones. - No, sir, forties barrels. The old countess finds the same words as Onegin's neighbors: “What? To the freemasons in the clob? Has he gone to the bassoons? " The society of “unthinking” rejects Chatsky, “no one wants to forgive him,” because an intelligent (active) young man is an obstacle to their peaceful prosperity. That is why Famusov declares that the "smart guy" has no place in the Moscow world.

This is the main thing that unites these seemingly different people - Eugene Onegin and Alexander Chatsky; that is their common tragedy. Society does not forgive them for being much taller than the average person in their circle. Mediocrity, selfish insignificance - that's who is happy in this society. "The taciturns are blissful in the world!"